黄河流域生态补偿标准研究——以宁夏隆德县为例

目的]生态补偿与生态系统服务功能相互制约,而生态系统服务功能与人类生产生活息息相关,评估生态系统服务功能价值,建立有效的生态补偿机制,对促进黄河流域生态保护和经济发展具有重要意义。方法]以宁夏隆德县为例,基于生态系统服务功能价值法,从隆德县森林、草地、农田和水域4个方面展开分析,对隆德县黄河流域生态系统生态补偿进行估算。结果]在黄河流域宁夏地区,隆德县作为重要的生态功能区,在其生态服务价值中,发挥主要作用的为森林生态系统,森林生态补偿额为6.447亿元,在总补偿标准上占据绝对地位,其次为农田、水域、草地生态补偿,且与生态系统服务价值相符。结论]根据宁夏隆德县生态补偿标准测算结果,草地生态系统外溢补偿标准相对偏小,仍需继续改善,后期应对土地利用规划及时加以调整,为草地生态系统的良好发展提供保证。

THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION STANDARD——TAKING NINGXIA LONGDE AS AN EXAMPLE

To evaluate the ecological compensation standard and establish the ecological compensation mechanism has great significance in promoting ecology and economy development of the Yellow River Basin. Taking the ecological compensation of Lunde County in Ningxia as an example, this paper evaluated the ecological compensation of the Yellow River Basin based on the ecological service value, from the aspects of forest, grassland, farmland, and water region. The results showed that Longde county as an important ecological function area, and its forest ecosystem played a major role in ecological service value. The ecological compensation for forest was dominant, followed by farmland, waters, grassland ecological compensation. According to the ecological compensation standard in Ningxia, the grassland compensation was relatively small. It needed to adjust the land use planning for the grassland ecosystem to provide a good guarantee for the development of various types of ecosystems.