北京市浅山区土地可持续利用的困境与出路

研究目的：重新审视北京市浅山区乃至山区土地利用传统规划思路，走出盲目保护的误区，提出规划新战略。研究方法：文献分析法，归纳综合法。研究结果：（1）浅山区的资源特征具有一定特殊性，不论从生态保护还是从开发利用的角度，浅山区对北京市都具有非常重要的战略地位；（2）北京市浅山区生态保护和开发间的矛盾是由不合理和不明确的空间保护战略导致的；（3）在新的社会经济发展形势下，浅山区面临巨大开发压力，其土地利用需从空间格局、利用性质和利用强度三个方面，在总体规划和土地控制性规划两个层面加以明确。研究结论：北京市浅山区应实施“精明保护，高效利用”的土地利用战略，即基于“反规划”指导思想，通过构建浅山区景观安全格局，确立清晰的开发和保护边界，明确开发模式、功能定位和强度，从被动保护走向主动保护和利用相结合的土地监护和规划管理，实现浅山区土地可持续利用。

Difficulties and Solutions of the Sustainable Land Use Strategy in Suburban Hilly Area in Beijing

The purpose of this paper is to review the traditional planning strategies for the suburban hilly area and even the mountainous area of Beijing, so as to avoid the misunderstanding of natural protection, and bring forward the new planning strategy. Methods of literature analysis, induction and synthesis were employed. The results indicated that: (1)the resource characteristics of suburban hilly area have certain distinctiveness. The suburban hilly area has its own strategic position with regard to Beijing both from the aspects of ecological protection and exploitation; (2)the contradictions between ecological protection and exploitation were caused by the irrational and imprecise space protection strategy;(3)under the new situation of economy development, the suburban hilly area is confronted with huge exploitation pressures. Thus, the land use behavior should he defined from three aspects, including spatial pattern, utilization properties and intensity, and based on two layers of general planning and land use control planning. It is concluded that the land use strategy as"smart conservation, efficient utilization" should be executed in the suburban hilly area of Beijing, i.e., under the guiding ideology of "reverse planning", the clear borderline of exploration and conservation as well as the intensity of development mode and function orientation should be confirmed through the establishment of security pattern of suburban hilly area landscape. The object of land sustainable use should be realized through land monitoring and planning management with the principle of active protection and utilization instead of passive protection.