Literacy,technology and ‘technological literacy’

The shortcomings of the technological literacy metaphor are reviewed. The lack of an agreed meaning for this concept reflects a widespread perplexity about how the study of technology should be incorporated into general education. The paper considers how the study of literature and history might contribute to an understanding of technology and posits a framework which permits the study of the made world to be incorporated within a humanistic educational scheme. It is suggested that the historical study of technologies of literacy could play a significant role in curricular integration.Based on a Plenary Address to the second Domains of Literacy Conference:Literacies for a Productive Future Institute of Education London 1/9/94Michael Barnett has been, since 1992, Professor of Technology and Education at the Institute of Education in London University. Prior to that he was Reader in Physics at Imperial College London. His main scholarly activities are concerned with the history, philosophy and sociology of technology and their bearing on educational practice. He has established an MA programme in Technology and Education which reflects these concerns.     

A DEA Approach to Understanding the Productivity Growth of Malaysia's Manufacturing Industries

This paper seeks to explain the productivity growth performance of Malaysia's manufacturing sector using a panel data of 28 industries from 1981–1996. Here, the data envelopment analysis technique is used to calculate and decompose the Malmquist index of total factor productivity (TFP) growth into technical change, change in technical efficiency and change in scale efficiency. This allows the identification of the sources of productivity growth which is crucial for policy formulation. It was found that the annual TFP growth of the Malaysian manufacturing sector was low at 0.8% and this was driven by small gains in both technical change and technical efficiency, with industries operating close to optimum scale.     

Developing Technological Stance: Children's Learning in Technology Education

Following a review of current research in children's learning in technology education, and an examination of the kinds of knowledge demanded in contemporary technology education programs in elementary schools, I argue that what is needed in early technology education programs is the scaffolding of what I am calling technological stance. This construct acknowledges the socio-cultural character of technology as a human endeavor. In contrast to programs which are oriented to application of conceptual and procedural knowledge or to programs in which knowledge is generated through interpretation of interactions with materials and tools, programs which support technological stance position learners as critical inquirers into both tool-related and discursive practices of technology.     

含相变储能热泵的综合能源系统优化调度

利用相变储能装置的储能特性,针对热量传输过程中的热延迟与热衰减,建立了考虑热惯性特征的含相变储能热泵的综合能源系统优化调度模型,并采用预测平均评价PMV指标来量化热负荷弹性。运用Dymola与Matlab联合建模,以经济运行总成本为目标函数,对比分析三种不同场景下综合能源系统的削峰填谷能力、可再生能源消纳能力、环境效益与安全性,对冬季典型日进行24小时运行策略优化。算例分析结果表明,考虑热惯性与热负荷弹性的含相变储能热泵的综合能源系统具有更好的经济性与抗故障能力,相较于含常规储热水箱的综合能源系统经济运行总成本降低了6.6％,抗供热故障时间延长3.51h。     

技术创新对安徽区域经济增长的影响分析

地区经济增长的主要动力是建立在技术创新基础上的产业结构调整.文章首先分析技术创新与经济增长的关系,接着通过三次产业劳动生产率的转变以及重点企业和企业集团研发费用的投入分析安徽技术创新的基本现状.为了进一步了解安徽技术创新对经济增长的影响,运用实证研究的方法,将中部六省的技术创新情况加以对比,具体说明技术创新与经济增长的关系.最后结合实际,提出了利用区域创新促进经济增长的一些建议.     

广州市用水量变化规律分析

结合广州市部分经验调度工况的结果,从宏观角度分析广州市的用水量变化规律及其影响这种变化规律的内在因素和外在因素。分析不同节假日、不同工作时段的用水量变化规律,为优化调度提供参考依据,最终达到节省能源消耗,提高生产效益和经济效益的目的。     

Design efficiency for non‐market valuation with choice modelling: how to measure it,what to report and why*

We review the basic principles for the evaluation of design efficiency in discrete choice modelling with a focus on efficiency of WTP estimates from the multinomial logit model. The discussion is developed under the realistic assumption that researchers can plausibly define a prior belief on the range of values for the utility coefficients. D‐, A‐, B‐, S‐ and C‐errors are compared as measures of design performance in applied studies and their rationale is discussed. An empirical example based on the generation and comparison of fifteen separate designs from a common set of assumptions illustrates the relevant considerations to the context of non‐market valuation, with particular emphasis placed on C‐efficiency. Conclusions are drawn for the practice of reporting in non‐market valuation and for future work on design research.     

我国建国后死刑政策分析及建议

死刑的制定、实施乃至存废都与死刑政策密切相关。新中国成立后,我国死刑政策的发展大致经历了三个阶段。当今世界各国死刑政策已经或者逐步向着死刑当废的方向发展,在这一背景下,我国未来的死刑政策宜作相应调整。     

企业生命周期与技术生命周期的联动机制及其组织结构特征研究

企业成长的周期性是经济周期发生的微观基础,探索技术创新与企业规模关系的微观机理可以从企业生命周期与技术生命周期的联动机制入手。在分析了企业生命周期与技术创新关系,以及技术生命周期与技术机会关系的基础上,文章提出企业生命周期与技术生命周期并非以时间为联动依据,而是在一定时间内通过分散决策与集中决策的力量对比形成联动机制,这一机制能够大致刻画出两个生命周期之间互动的传导性,最后分析了作为这种联动机制载体的组织结构特征。     

论高职教育学生管理观念的转变与实践

在经济全球化背景下,现有的高职教育学生管理观念不适应高职教育的发展。高职教育要想办出特色,提高质量,必须牢牢把握培养目标,从被教育者角度进行深入思考与探索,抓住被教育者的特点,结合社会对高职人才的需求,转变高职教育学生管理观念,探索一条适合高职教育学生管理的新路子。只有不断探索,大胆实践,才能做好高职学生管理工作,才能培养出更多适应社会主义现代化建设需要的高素质技能型人才。