我国商业银行业绩评价体系构建分析

1、以单一的财务指标进行业绩评价。其缺陷表现在：（1）业绩评价只包括财务业绩，不包括非财务业绩，不能综合全面地反映银行的价值；（2）以财务指标作为考核业绩的标准，而不考虑非财务方面的贡献和业绩，使评价结果与银行长期发展战略不相关，助长了经营者的短期行为；（3）财务指标基本为结果性指标，是对过去经营成果的反映，缺乏解释性指标，如管理能力、创新能力指标；（4）财务指标重视实物资产的衡量，没有把理活动影响战略结果的能力考虑在内，对无形资产的评价显得力不从心。     

构建以RAROC为核心的商业银行全面业绩评价框架

有效的业绩评价体系有助于提高商业银行的经营效率和发展能力,实现股东价值最大化目标。我国商业银行传统的基于ROE业绩评价体系和西方商业银行盛行的RAROC业绩评价方法,均因单纯依赖财务指标分析而难以适应管理战略化和信息化的要求。有鉴于此,为促进改善经营管理,实现持续健康发展,我国商业银行应该在传统的财务分析基础上,结合外部经营环境分析和内部业绩动因分析,构建一个全面业绩评价框架,用以容纳各种财务和非财务指标,并用战略将其结合在一起,从而实现经营战略与业绩评价的紧密协调,提升商业银行核心竞争力。     

市场竞争程度、经营战略与业绩评价指标选择

本文基于"外部环境—战略控制—管理控制"这一逻辑路径,运用问卷调查数据实证检验市场竞争程度、经营战略与业绩评价指标选择之间的关系。研究发现,经营战略在市场竞争程度与非财务指标采用程度之间起到完全中介作用,即企业面临的市场竞争程度越高,则采取前瞻型战略的程度越高,企业采用非财务指标的程度也越高。本文的研究发现有助于理论与实务界深入认识企业外部市场环境、经营战略与业绩评价系统设计之间的作用机理,为企业打造管理控制系统的战略支撑力提供扎实的理论基础。     

金融危机下企业经营业绩评价的思考

本文从企业经营业绩评价的视角,分析了金融危机这一非常态下企业经营环境的改变及机遇,论证了企业的经营目标应定位于:求生存、调结构、蓄力量、谋发展。根据企业经营目标的定位,企业的经营业绩应主要体现为求生存、蓄力量、谋发展的能力上;这种经营业绩观的特征是生存导向、业绩定义及实现方法的期间性、重视非财务指标。企业经营业绩的评价主要包括融资能力、市场开拓能力、投资机会把握能力、结构调整状况、创新与研发能力、人才储备状况及管理者应变能力等。     

业绩评价中的非财务指标刍议

在市场经济发展的过程中,我国企业无论是内部管理模式,还是外部竞争方式都发生了显著变化。在企业内部管理中,业绩评价一直是重要的内容,对促进企业运营、实现个性化发展以及提升综合实力具有重大意义。为了能够更好地评价企业业绩,除了需要考虑现有财务指标之外,还应加强对非财务指标的运用和分析,将财务指标与非财务指标相融合,实现企业业绩评价的全面、完整、客观的目标。鉴于此,笔者立足于自身的工作岗位,拟从非财务指标的角度对企业业绩评价展开分析,并形成自己的相关建议和看法,希望能够对我国企业业绩评价的发展与完善略尽绵薄之力。     

浅谈业绩评价中的非财务指标

随着市场竞争的激烈程度愈演愈烈,企业仅仅掌握传统的财务信息已经不能满足了解市场经营成果的需要了,掌握与经营过程和成果相关的信息是非常有必要的.鉴于此,企业急需在绩效评价中引入非财务指标评价,以驱动企业绩效的快速增长.因此,本文通过详细介绍目前主要的非财务指标进而分析非财务指标引入业绩评价的动因,最后在此基础上阐述非财务指标在业绩评价中的应用,以期对企业灵活有效的应用非财务指标有所启示.     

改进业绩评价系统正确评价企业的经营业绩

在业绩评价系统中逐步引进非财务指标，是正确评价企业经营业绩的需要。本介绍了种近期流行的，包含非财务指标的业绩评价系统，并从中获得几点启示。     

以平衡计分卡为基础构建商业银行业绩评价的非财务指标

随着国内商业银行之间以及与外资银行的竞争日益加剧，我国商业银行原有的业绩评价体系已经不适应新的形势。平衡计分卡认为，业绩评价应以顾客、内部经营及学习与创新等非财务指标来补充财务指标，并针对各个方面的业绩目标，设计出相应的计量指标，以便系统、全面、迅速地反映企业的整体运营情况，为企业管理服务。本文以平衡计分卡为基础，分析了我国商业银行业绩评价体系的发展沿革及现状，指出了我国商业银行业绩评价注重财务评价而忽视非财务评价的问题，借鉴西方商业银行使用平衡计分卡的先进经验，从顾客、员工、组织、内部经营、创新等方面构建了商业银行业绩评价的非财务指标体系。     

平衡计分卡在修船企业业绩评价中运用

以单一财务指标为基础的业绩评价体系具有较大的局限性,越来越多的企业在业绩评价中引入非财务评价指标。与成熟的财务指标体系相比,非财务指标的选取具鲜明的行业特点,并与企业战略密切相关。本文立足于修船企业,结合行业特点,借助平衡计分卡等管理工具,在修船企业绩效评价中选取非财务指标进行探索,以期为修船企业业绩评价体系构建提供借鉴与参考。     

非财务指标在上市公司业绩评价中的作用

与财务指标相比,市场占有率、商誉、服务质量、员工培训、知识与智力资本等非财务指标更能体现上市公司的长期、持续的发展态势,能更准确地揭示出上市公司的未来发展和成长趋势,从而能够更全面地、多角度地反映上市公司的经营业绩,可以避免单独使用财务指标评价上市公司业绩所导致的上市公司短期经营行为的弊端,因此在分析和评价上市公司业绩方面具有不可替代的作用.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.