人力资本的价值分配与企业创新

本文以2009~2017年沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究了企业价值分配结构中员工的分享比例对企业创新产出的影响。研究发现:价值分配结构中员工分享的比例(包括全部员工分享比例和剔除高管后的普通员工分享比例)越高,越有助于企业的创新产出,对发明专利、实用新型专利和外观设计专利均有促进作用。相对于国有企业,人力资本价值分配比例对企业创新产出的促进作用在非国有企业中更加显著。相对于低内控质量的企业,人力资本价值分配比例对企业创新产出的促进作用在高内部控制质量的企业中更加显著。进一步研究发现,人力资本价值分配比例的提高不仅对企业创新产出有促进作用,而且对企业创新效率也有促进作用。本文揭示了价值分配过程中对于员工的薪酬激励如何影响企业创新,为上市公司要素分配体系的设计提供了参考。     

Linking HRM and knowledge transfer via individual‐level mechanisms

In response to recent calls for more research on micro‐foundations, we seek to link human resource management (HRM) and knowledge transfer through individual‐level mechanisms, arguing that individual‐level conditions of action influence the extent to which employees engage in knowledge exchange. We examine four such conditions empirically using data from 811 employees in three Danish multinational corporations (MNCs). Our findings suggest that individual‐level perceptions of organizational commitment to knowledge sharing, and extrinsic motivation, directly influence the extent to which employees engage in firm‐internal knowledge exchange. We also find that intrinsic motivation and engagement in social interaction significantly mediate the relationship between perceived organizational commitment and knowledge exchange. Given that HRM can influence such conditions through an overall signaling effect and various practices, an understanding of these micro‐foundations will shed light on how organizations can effectively enhance knowledge transfer through HRM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于知识共享的供应链企业间协同创新行为研究

运用演化博弈论建立供应链企业间知识共享行为演化博弈模型,分析供应链企业间知识共享行为的演化路径和影响知识共享行为的影响因素。研究结果表明,供应链企业间选择知识共享的策略受到自身的知识水平、知识的吸收转化系数以及系统内知识共享的创新成果分配系数的影响,当企业间的知识类别和知识量越互补、企业的知识吸收转化系数越高以及创新成果分配系数越高时,企业会选择知识共享策略;而知识共享的成本、知识共享的风险越高时,企业间知识共享的意愿越低。     

论企业员工自主创新力提升的有效途径

当今经济社会,企业的竞争关键在于人才的竞争和创新力的竞争,企业员工的自主创新力是企业持续创新和发展的保障。为提高企业的核心竞争力,企业如何提升员工的自主创新力显得甚为重要。本文针对影响员工自主创新力的培养与提升的因素,从企业文化、激励机制、培训、轮岗、团队和管理体制等方面探究提升员工的自主创新力的有效途径。     

Knowledge sharing,knowledge leaking and relative innovation performance: An empirical study

External knowledge sharing and knowledge leakage often pose a strategic dilemma when firms conduct innovation activities. In this study, we focus on the positive and negative effects of this phenomenon. In particular, we empirically examine the effects of a firm׳s external knowledge sharing on its relative innovation performance under the contingencies of accidental and intentional leakage of business-critical knowledge. Results based on a survey of 150 Finnish technology-intensive firms show that external knowledge sharing has a positive effect on innovation performance, but high levels of accidental and intentional knowledge leakage by a firm׳s employees negatively moderate this relationship. These results contribute to the understanding of the potentially positive and negative issues related to external knowledge sharing and knowledge leakage, which have thus far remained empirically under-researched.     

The influence of human resource management on knowledge sharing and innovation in Spain: the mediating role of affective commitment

The aim of this paper is to explain and to test empirically how human resource management (HRM) practices contribute to knowledge sharing and innovation through employees' affective commitment. Results show that HRM practices do not influence knowledge sharing in a direct way, but they do have a positive effect when affective commitment mediates the relationship. We also find a positive relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation performance. That is, HRM practices contribute to knowledge creation and innovation through the generation of the affective commitment necessary for employees to be willing to share their knowledge. The relationships identified have been tested by applying structural equation models to a sample of 87 R&D departments of Spanish innovative companies.     

人本导向与结果导向：组织文化对知识共享的影响研究

本研究根据现代企业特点,将组织文化分为“以人为本”和“结果导向”两个维度,探讨了组织文化对员工知识共享行为的影响,并引入员工的知识共享意愿作为中介变量。通过收集了385对上下级评价的配对数据,证明了以结果为导向的组织文化和以人为本的组织文化都可以促进员工的知识共享意愿,从而影响员工的知识共享行为。此外,文章还进一步探索了结果导向的组织文化和以人为本的组织文化共存的情况,据此将企业文化分成“兼得型”、“困境型”、“关系型”、“劳役刑”这四类,并分别讨论了每类企业文化对员工知识共享行为的影响作用,研究结果对企业的知识管理实践具有一定的参考意义。     

Why Complementary HRM Practices Impact Performance: The Case of Rewards,Job Design,and Work Climate in a Knowledge‐Sharing Context

The strategic HRM literature suggests that HRM influences employees in combinations of practices that “fit” each other rather than as stand‐alone practices; however, it pays little attention to the underlying individual‐level mechanisms. In contrast, the HRM literature on knowledge sharing examines the influence of single practices on individual‐level knowledge sharing, but fails to include the influence of combinations of practices. We link the idea of fit between practices to employee motivation for knowledge sharing by arguing that rewards may be ambiguous and difficult to interpret, but that such ambiguity may be reduced if rewards are combined with other aligned HRM practices, notably job design and work climate. Thus, fit is established through the ambiguity‐reducing effect of combining specific HRM practices. Accordingly, we test for complementarities among rewards, job design, and work climate in the form of a three‐way interaction among these variables with respect to their impact on knowledge‐sharing motivation. Our analysis of 1,523 employees in five knowledge‐intensive firms shows that employees who are exposed to knowledge‐sharing rewards experience higher levels of autonomous motivation to share when they are simultaneously exposed to a noncontrolling job design and work climate that support knowledge sharing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

企业员工知识分享媒介及其对工作效果的影响——以财会人员为例

通过对财会人员的访谈,将知识分享媒介划分成五种类型:各式书面信息、正式制度下的人际接触、正式制度下的信息科技、非正式制度下的人际接触以及非正式制度下的信息科技。一般企业在进行知识分享时会遇到知识流失与被盗取的障碍。知识分享媒介的性质不同,所能增进的工作效果亦有所不同。正式制度的人际接触是最普遍的,深获企业员工的好评,其所能增进的工作效果非常多元;非正式制度的信息科技,则视员工个人的使用习惯与学习态度而定,对于各项工作效果的提升情形差异很大。     

A cross-national comparison of cultural value orientations of Indian,Polish, Russian and American employees

This study examines the cultural value orientations (VOs) of employees (managerial and non-managerial) working in three categories of organizations (professional, technical and local services) in India, Poland, Russia and the USA. The analysis is conducted at both the national and organizational levels. The paper hypothesizes cultural differences at the country level and cultural similarities among employees working for professional and technical oriented organizations and divergence in the VOs of employees working for local services organizations. It also hypothesizes differences in the VOs of managerial and non-managerial employees in the four countries. The investigation has been conducted with the help of a questionnaire survey of 1,852 respondents. The outcomes of the analysis show that there are both cross-country cultural differences and similarities among the VOs of employees of the four nations. Further, significant cultural convergence emerges in the VOs of employees working for both professional and technical organizations, however, no significant cultural similarities or differences are observed for employees of service-based organizations in the four countries. There are some similarities emerging between managerial employees in the research countries. The research contributes to the fields of cross-cultural management, international management and international human resource management.     

我国企业管理创新的必要性和思路

我国企业进行管理创新的必要性表现在：企业内外环境的变化、员工和顾客需求的变化、科技进步对企业提出巨大挑战；我国企业管理创新的思路主要有全面创新、生产创新、企业重建创新、营销创新、从产品驱动到顾客驱动的企业管理创新、管理目标多元化创新、战略管理创新、知识管理创新、企业文化创新。     

营造企业文化氛围 培养员工创新能力

员工的创新能力对企业的发展至关重要。培养员工创新能力可通过营造有利于员工创新能力发展的企业文化氛围，帮助员工建立合理的知识结构，张扬员工个性品质及充分发挥员工主体性作用等3个途径。     

信任视角下协同创新网络组织合作伙伴选择与评价

创新协同网络组织通过优势互补协作创新,能加速科技成果的产出和转化。其产出和转化的绩效很大程度上决定于共享网络组织成员间知识共享和知识溢出。在这个过程中,网络组织合作伙伴之间的信任至关重要。基于信任的视角下,合作伙伴关系能缩减成本、增加收益,并加强彼此之间的长期伙伴关系。研究结果表明:声誉、兼容性、品牌影响力、结构保证、开放程度和学习心态是影响创新协同网络组织成员间信任的主要因素。在进行合作伙伴的选择时,则可以从组织环境、知识产出质量系统、业务结构和创新能力等几个方面进行评价。     

基于知识共享的企业自主创新微观动力机制研究

在知识经济社会中,企业内知识流动与共享成为其自主创新的重要来源,企业需要建立并充分发挥自主创新微观动力机制以促进知识共享来推动其自主创新能力的提升。企业自主创新微观动力机制包括基于市场需求和顾客满意的创新机制、创新型人才引进与开发机制、创新型人才激励机制和自主创新动态管理机制,只有整套机制的协调运行才能真正推进企业自主创新能力的提升。     

提高山区养路工人技能素质的探索和思考

企业各项工作能否顺利推进,目标任务能否圆满完成,关键在于职工思想技能素质的高低和工作责任心的大小;技术创新能力能否提升,科技能否转化为现实生产力,关键在于职工的主观能动性和创造性的发挥。文章通过分析融水苗族自治县公路管理局职工技能素质现状,探索提高职工技能的方法,并总结了提高公路职工技能素质的体会。     

Formal and Informal Practices of Knowledge Sharing Between Project Teams and Enacted Cultural Characteristics

This article investigates the process of knowledge sharing between project teams and uses a case study approach. This is especially relevant, as organizations face both the needs for separating work into projects and integrating knowledge created in projects into the organization. The results provided by the analysis technique of GABEK^® indicate that, although projects create boundaries, employees and project team leaders use formal mechanisms and develop informal practices for knowledge sharing between project teams. Furthermore, the article identifies organizational cultural characteristics enacted in these practices that can stimulate the discussion in “knowledge culture research” regarding the relationship of organizational cultural characteristics and (specific) knowledge processes.     

企业与高校或科研院所合作创新模式研究

企业通过与高校或科研院所合作进行技术创新,可以将外部知识内部化,实现知识共享与知识互补,从而提高企业的技术创新能力。企业与高校或科研院所合作创新模式的选择过程是一个系统综合分析过程,不同创新理念、不同创新环境下的企业往往对各种影响因素的重视程度差异较大,故选择的合作创新模式各异。     

The influence of workgroup identification on turnover intention and knowledge sharing: the perspective of employees in subsidiaries

Abstract

Turnover intention and knowledge sharing of local employees in multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiary workgroups have received relatively little attention in IHRM research, yet are central to everyday operation of the organisation. Drawing on optimal distinctiveness theory, we consider the influence of workgroup identification on two important employee attitudes and behaviours, turnover intention and knowledge sharing, by examining the influence of the supervisor on workgroup identification. Participants included 306 employees in an Australian and New Zealand subsidiary of an MNE headquartered in Europe. The results indicate that employees’ tendency to identify with their workgroup is enhanced by the distinctiveness of a supervisor from a different national or cultural group, which in turn leads to decreased turnover intention and increased knowledge sharing among workgroup members. Higher supervisor prototypicality however, that counterbalances distinctiveness through higher inclusion, weakens the mediation effect. An important practical implication of this research is that the HR function could play a valuable role in training or group development to raise supervisors’ and employees’ understanding and management of needs for both inclusion and distinctiveness.     

社会资本、知识创造与企业技术创新绩效的关系模型研究

企业的技术创新需要借助内部与外部的知识,而社会资本是企业获取知识的主要来源之一。本文在分析企业的社会资本、吸收能力、知识创造和技术创新绩效四者之间关系的基础上,提出了6项关系假设,并基于此构建了社会资本与企业技术创新绩效关系的理论模型,指出企业需要通过增加社会资本的积累来促进企业吸收和创造知识的能力,进一步提高企业的技术创新绩效。     

It Takes Three to Tango: Exploring the Interplay among Training Intensity,Job Autonomy,and Supervisor Support in Predicting Knowledge Sharing

This study explored whether the relationship between perceived training intensity and knowledge sharing is prone to combined moderating influences. We operationalized perceived training intensity as a challenge stressor, in accordance with the challenge‐hindrance framework of work stressors. The results of a study of 129 employees from three Norwegian service industries revealed a positive relationship between perceived training intensity and supervisor‐rated knowledge sharing for employees reporting high levels of perceived job autonomy and high levels of perceived supervisor support. In contrast, we found a negative relationship between perceived training intensity and supervisor‐rated knowledge sharing for employees reporting high levels of perceived job autonomy and low levels of perceived supervisor support. These findings suggest that supervisors are of vital importance in facilitating knowledge sharing among employees in settings where developmental challenges are prevalent and perceptions of job autonomy are high. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.