利益驱动机制与我国高校财务危机的治理

正面效应的利益驱动机制即利己与利他统一的利益驱动机制,是最高效的管理机制,可以达到"无为而治"的效果。我国高校为落实教育部高等教育大众化的战略,在急剧扩招扩建过程中形成了巨额的债务负担。各级政府制定和实施了统一的还贷机制,帮助和促使高校积极还贷,基本化解了全国高校的债务危机。从高校财务危机管理的经验教训看,为防范新的高校财务危机,政府应营造公平公正的竞争环境,着力发展民办高等教育,变革公立高校的经营管理体制。     

中国公立高校债务归属的产权经济学分析

本文以国家与高校对债务归属的看法为出发点,以产权经济学中的法人产权制度和委托——代理制度为理论依据,对我国公立高校的债务归属问题进行了理论剖析,认为目前我国公立高校的债务应由国家承担。     

基于财务视角的我国高校债务化解问题对策探讨

高校持续扩招,实现了我国高等教育跨越式增长,但是高校的贷款扩建、新建,形成了巨额负债,影响了健康发展。化解高校债务问题,应从政府、高校及学校资金管理多方面采取措施,从根本上解决高校发展中的债务问题,探寻高校持续健康的发展路子。     

我国高校债务化解问题探析

自上世纪末,在我国高等教育快速发展过程中,由政府、高校和银行三方责任形成的高校巨额债务,制约着高等教育的进一步发展。有效化解高校债务风险需要政府、高校和银行的共同努力。     

省属公办高校负债运营的问题与对策

高校扩招以后,我国许多省属公办高校都发生巨额的银行债务,已影响到高校的进一步发展甚至威胁到高校的正常运行。为缓解省属公办高校债务压力,避免陷入严重债务危机,政府、银行、高校等相关各方必须共同面对、协调联动,采取有效措施解决高校贷款问题,促进高等教育健康、和谐、可持续发展。     

化解乡村债务必须处理好的几个关系

沉重的乡村债务问题严重制约了我国农村经济的发展,化解乡村债务成为当前农村工作的一个紧迫问题。文章认为,要有效地化解乡村债务,必须处理好以下四个重要的关系：化解乡村债务与乡村经济发展的关系;化解乡村债务与乡村社会稳定的关系;化解旧债与防止新债的关系;化解乡村债务与转变乡村组织职能的关系。     

高校债务形成原因及其化解对策思考

目前高校巨额贷款的债务压力和教育经费紧缺的问题日益突出，高校财务管理将面临许多新情况新问题。文章论述了高校债务形成的原因以及引发的思考，并对化解高校债务提出了相应措施。     

高校负债危机的制度经济学分析

伴随高等教育的大众化,中国高校呈跨越式发展。由于财政资源不足,高校频频向银行大规模借款。但近几年来,随着高校还贷高峰的到来,中国高校负债危机凸显,严重影响了高校的正常运行。从新制度经济学的视角,依据制度变迁和制度失范理论,探求高校出现巨额贷款债务问题的成因：高等教育制度的诱致性制度变迁带来了高校融资方式的多样化,而这一制度变迁过程中的制度失范是造成高校负债危机的根本原因。最后从制度层面对化解高校负债危机问题提出了几点建议。     

关于高等院校跨越发展与“债务危机”的研究

随着高等院校以校园建设和高等院校外延扩张为中心内容的跨越发展而形成的债务偿还期的到来,巨额债务作为一个现实存在是不能回避的。笔者认为,高等院校"债务危机"是发展中的"危机",有其合理的一面,解决高等院校"债务危机"一是要合理安排高校发展速度与规模;二是发展成本要有一个合理的分摊机制。     

从全球主权债务危机看中国地方政府债务风险

美国金融危机后,各国主权债务问题浮出水面。从冰岛债务危机到迪拜债务危机,再到欧元区债务危机,欧美发达经济体的债务风险凸现。虽然中国政府的债务还处于安全界限之内,但地方政府债务膨胀到令人担忧的地步,如何化解地方政府债务风险成了当务之急。     

One crisis,two crises…the subprime crisis and the European sovereign debt problems

This article explores the link between the subprime crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis. Using a panel data approach, we estimate the impact of the different government interventions aimed at rescuing financial institutions on the significant increase of the costs of public debts as measured by the interest rate spreads with respect to Germany. We show evidence on the existence of a statistically significant link between the two crises embodied by capital injections and government guarantees. More specifically, the two types of government interventions have a negative impact on the cost of the sovereign debts under study. This empirical result can explain why the sovereign debt crisis immediately followed the subprime crisis.     

Fiscal Prudence and Growth Sustainability: An Analysis of China's Public Debts

This paper analyses and assesses China's current fiscal system, including its basic institutional arrangements, the relationship between central and local governments, and the fiscal balance and public debt. This paper pays special attention to the local government borrowings that have increased dramatically in recent years, and tries to measure the “overall public debt risk” by including all kinds of eligible debts. This paper finds that although the large expansion of local government debt during the fiscal stimulation response to the global financial crisis was devastating, the all‐inclusive total public debt to gross domestic product ratio remains under 50%, and as long as the local debt stops growing, the risk is quite manageable. This paper also points out that more attention should be paid to improving and reforming the Chinese fiscal system, particularly the reform of the fiscal relationship between central and local governments, and the legal framework for local government debt management.     

Does higher government debt link to higher social expenditure? New method,new evidence

Scholars believe that higher social expenditures are usually linked with higher government debts, whereas higher debts reduce social expenditures. However, it is reasonable to speculate that higher government debt may contribute to higher social spending, while fiscal deficits occur during a recession, which commonly creates greater demand for social expenditure. For a deeper investigation, this paper revisits the dynamic relationship between social spending and public debts in the time-frequency domain, using the novel wavelet-coherency analysis as well as the phase-difference technique to derive the co-moved and causal relationships between social spending and public debts in 13 OECD countries. The evidence identifies a dynamic relationship between variables. While higher social expenditures increase government debts, the shocks from government debts to social expenditures are conversely uncertain. We discover that higher government debt does reduce social expenditures, but it may be linked to higher social spending. The robustness of partial coherency and phase-difference discovers the role of a political party in the decision over social welfare programmes in the sample countries.     

浅析中国高等院校负债融资及其风险防控

高等院校负债，是高校融资的一个重要渠道，它可以缓解目前存在的高校资金短缺问题，但是，高校负债也存在着一些风险。为此，我们要发挥政府职能，加强对高校负债的监管，并采取增加财政投入、拓宽融资渠道、加强贷款资金的管理等措施来防范高校负债融资风险。     

How big is the Chinese Government debt?

China’s public debt does not provide a meaningful guidance about the government’s overall debt burden, since it also has various forms of contingent liabilities such as shortfalls in the pension fund, debts of local government investment vehicles, and nonperforming loans of the state-owned commercial banks. However, there is no authoritative data on the government’s overall debt burden. In this paper, we try to put together a complete picture by piecing together information available, following a consistent framework. Our results suggest that the Chinese Government’s total debt could be already above 100% of GDP, in contrast to the public debt/GDP ratio of 15.5. Urgent reforms are needed in order to reduce fiscal risks, although risks of debt crisis look small in the short term, given sound balance sheet of the public sector. Local governments’ borrowing without hard budget constraint presents the greatest risk to sustainability of China’s fiscal system.     

债务型经济增长:当代发达国家的经济特征

2008年美国金融危机和近年一些发达国家相继发生的主权债务危机,从根本上不同于以往历次危机,展现了当代发达资本主义国家经济的债务化特征,即一方面资本过剩(流动性过剩)推动了金融资本投机性投资,依靠金融创新制造的"财富效应"来刺激虚假的购买力;另一方面,发达国家政府依靠债务来维持其庞大的财政开支。债务型经济增长是不可持续的,终将爆发危机进行强制性调整。     

基于可流动性资产负债表的我国政府债务风险研究

政府资产是政府债务顺利偿还的基础,当政府资产低于其负债时,政府债务将面临一定风险,因此基于政府资产负债的视角,本文结合中国实际首先编制了一个简化的政府"可流动性资产"负债表,然后,分析了1998—2008年我国政府仅考虑直接债务时的政府债务风险,并且对2009—2010年的政府债务风险进行了分析。研究表明,2003—2006年因外汇储备急剧增长使我国政府债务风险总体较小且比较稳定,但因金融危机的爆发,我国政府债务风险在此期间前后的两次金融危机中都比较大,金融危机对政府债务风险的影响显著。研究还表明,积极的财政政策对短期降低政府债务风险具有明显效果,且1997年亚洲金融危机和2007年美国次贷危机对我国政府债务风险的影响具有相似性,即金融危机爆发后的几年内政府债务风险会因积极的财政政策而经历"大—小—大"的变化过程。最后,通过引入政府或有债务,分析了具有或有债务时的政府债务风险。本文认为,只要我国政府的或有债务规模不超过24万亿元人民币,则我国的政府债务风险较小。     

欧洲债务危机、财政联盟与蓝色债券

自希腊发生主权债务危机以来,欧元区持续动荡。欧元区总体财政状况并不差于美国等国,但欧元区却率先陷入债务危机困局,未建立统一的财政政策是一个重要原因。在债务危机的逼迫下,欧元区针对危机采取了一系列救助措施,这事实上是某种形式的财政联盟。在对比美欧财政和公共债务状况的基础上,本文探讨了欧元区建立财政联盟的必然性,分析了欧元区财政联盟的实际进展,并进一步剖析了建立财政联盟的一种方案——"蓝色债券"的优点和障碍等。