信托公司参与企业资产证券化中的双SPV模式探究

资管计划参与下企业ABS虽可拓展企业融资渠道,但立法效力等级低及监管的严格化倾向使其无法实现完全破产隔离并极大限制基础资产范围。海印模式下信托公司参与企业ABS,利用双SPV结构解决了破产隔离以及基础资产问题。而该双SPV模式为迫于满足监管要求不得已的产物并非金融创新,建议逐步确定企业ABS市场受托管理人主体以解决现阶段资管计划多头监管现象;在双SPV模式监管中赋予信托公司更多基础资产以及第二层SPV管理人的审查、甄选责任。     

风险隔离法律机制之SPV破产隔离研究

SPV自身的破产隔离构成资产证券化风险隔离法律机制的前提性内容,在了解SPV常见的三种组织形式下,选择何种形式尽管对其破产隔离机制有些影响,但明确经营范围、制约SPV自愿与非自愿破产、限制其业务及负债是SPV破产隔离机制的主要内容。     

浅析我国资产证券化SPV模式的选择

资产证券化作为一种高效的融资方式,SPV为其提供了有效的风险隔离机制.目前我国的法律制度中只有特殊目的信托模式可以有效实现风险隔离,特别是专项计划与信托模式的结合能够充分发挥SPV的风险隔离功能.随着我国资本市场的不断发展,资产证券化将由卖方市场逐步过渡到买方市场,SPV在资产证券化中的作用会更加明显,同时也会推动资产管理业务的创新发展.     

美国“两房”危机对我国资产证券化的启示

在美国住房抵押贷款资产证券化中扮演SPV(特殊目的载体)重要角色的"两房",大量购买其他机构发行的MBS和留持贷款并从事衍生交易,在资产证券化业务以外承担了相当的风险,作为SPV没有做到能与自身引起的风险以及与发起人破产相关的破产风险相隔离,是引发危机的根本原因。借鉴这一经验教训,我国应审慎推进实施资产证券化,SPV设立运作应回归"破产隔离"的本质要求。     

信托公司参与特殊资产业务探析北大核心

资管新规发布以来,一系列政策调整与变革使信托公司普遍面临着巨大的转型考验,在未来信托业务重新分类的背景下,信托公司业务的开展更需找准方向。当前特殊资产行业快速发展,正是信托公司进行业务探索的重要市场。凭借自身制度优势和专业能力,信托公司参与特殊资产业务既能推动行业转型发展、创造新的利润增长点,又能顺应政策趋势、在金融风险防范和化解中有所作为。为此,本文分析了信托公司参与特殊资产业务的意义,探讨了信托业务重新分类背景下信托公司参与特殊资产业务的可行模式,并提出了相关建议。本文的研究为指导信托公司实践提供了理论依据,对于防范和化解金融风险、推动金融行业高质量发展也具有一定参考价值。     

资产证券化在中国所面临的法律问题分析

本文着重对资产证券化在我国所面临的SPV的设立、真实销售的鉴定、资产转移与破产隔离、基础资产、担保(信用增级)等相关法律问题进行分析,并提出一些建议。     

资管新规背景下资管业务转型发展

当前我国金融市场中,资管产品已占据不可忽视的位置。随着资管新规的出台,在新的监管框架下,资管业务转型在去通道、降杠杆、期限匹配、净值化管理等方面取得了积极进展。2021年是资管新规3年过渡期收官之年,保本理财产品实现清零,净值型产品比例大幅增加,多层嵌套现象得到改善,信托公司新旧发展动能的转换已到达相对均衡的临界点,资管业务迈入规范发展新阶段。资管新规过渡期结束也面临着部分产品打“擦边球”、净值化不彻底、存量产品难消化等后续问题。因此,应不断完善资管制度,合理调整底层资产配置,以净值化管理为核心提升机构资产管理能力,加大投资者教育建立对净值波动和风险承担的意识,有效处理资管业务过渡期结束后续面临的问题。     

关于资产证券化信托模式中破产隔离问题的再思考

资产证券化制度设计中所欲达到的"破产隔离"状态,使得原始权益人向SPV转让拟证券化资产时须做到"真实出售"。但在信托模式下,需要构建一种"对价他益信托",才能同时满足信托法和破产法对财产转移的要求。但无疑,此种架构与信托基本法理相互冲突。所以,"信托独立性"与"破产隔离"的天然契合,是一种亟待祛魅的幻象。在此基础上,须重构资产证券化的公司模式,解决好"能否仅以债权出资设立公司"、"股权众筹的可行性与政策红线"及"子公司能否向母公司回购自身股份"三个问题,为今后的研究及实践铺平道路。     

泛资管背景下券商资产管理业务创新

目前我国资产管理行业正呈现出百花齐放的局面,包括基金、信托、保险、银行以及券商资管产品在内的各式理财产品间的竞争非常激烈。本文分析目前中国资产管理市场及券商资管业务的现状,在新政出台放松监管的背景下摸索券商资产管理业务创新的方向。     

证券公司集合资产管理业务发展研究

建议在上位法中明确资产证券化业务的法律性质;同时,加快推进资产证券化业务特别法的出台,明确SPV载体的性质,解决资产"真实出售"和"破产隔离"等关键性问题,构建资产证券化业务的规则体系和运作流程。随着近年来证券行业创新发展的大规模推进,资产管理业务已经成为行业创新的主要领域,并成为推动证券公司收入多元化、服务专业化的具体体现,而其中,又以集合资产管理业务为典型。     

区块链时代破产法的机遇与挑战

区块链与破产法在维系市场主体信用方面相得益彰,区块链能够提升破产程序运转效率,实现破产程序信息披露透明,维护破产结果的公平公正。区块链资产的价值具有较大波动性,判定破产界限存在反复。区块链资产包括数据资产和数据信息两部分,识别破产财产需要区分对待。数字货币承载着价值资产和货币流通的双重角色,破产财产的定性应当审慎选择。     

商事信托法律构造研究

商事信托作为商事组织的一种形式,运用传统信托运作方式中所有权形式分割,责任与利益分离,受托人责任与风险承担来实现商事组织的灵活融资经营和受益人的信托收益。商事信托得益于信托的资产分割功能,使商事组织享有独立于信托所有人及其管理人的资产,得以自己名义经营管理、与第三人进行交易,产生独立的法律关系,承担独立法律责任,理应具有商事信托之独立法律主体地位,此乃我国商事信托发展和商事组织法之规范方向。     

知识产权证券化中知识产权资产转让的法律问题探析

知识产权证券化提升了知识资本与金融资本的融合效率,推动了科技进步。在知识产权证券化中,资产转让的方式通常有债务更新、让与、从属参与、信托四种。知识产权资产转让后,为了判断资产所有权是否真实地发生转移,必须引入一个重要概念——“真实销售”,以防范知识产权证券化下所涉及的发起人违约破产风险。目前,知识产权资产的可转让性规定需进一步明晰,对未来债权的转让应做出明确规定．我国资产转让的通知制度也有待突破。     

我国公益信托税收政策研究

公益信托具有优越的资产管理和运作机制,但在我国尚处于发展初期。由于目前尚未出台专门针对公益信托的税收制度,公益信托发展面临着明显制约。根据我国现有公益信托相关税收政策中存在的重复征税等问题,应当从公益信托的运作机制入手对课税环节进行调整,加大税收优惠力度,促进公益信托在我国顺利发展。     

The Canadian Keiretsu

This article describes the Canadian keiretsu , in which a main Chartered Bank dominates an interlocking group of corporate clients, investment dealers, trust companies, and professional advisors. Such a network facilitates information-sharing and monitoring among group members, while also reducing the agency costs of banker misbehavior. Most major Canadian firms are members of a keiretsu , and stock ownership of Canadian corporations is far more concentrated than ownership of U.S. companies.
Given their many similarities of history, law, and geography, Canada and the United States should have ended up with similar corporate ownership and governance structures. But they did not, and the difference was Canada's less restrictive banking and bankruptcy laws, which in turn can be traced to Canada's distinctly non-populist historical experience.
The Canadian keiretsu arose primarily for two reasons: (1) the larger concentration of commercial banking (the six largest Canadian banks today account for 98% of the industry's assets) allowed by Canadian law; and (2) the greater powers of Canadian secured lenders in the event of default. Unlike a U.S. Chapter 11 filing, in a Canadian bankruptcy the lender's right to assume control of the assets was not stayed until quite recently. And, even with the recent change in Canadian bankruptcy law, Canadian secured lenders have much stronger protection of their claims in bankruptcy than their U.S. counterparts in Chapter 11.     

Banks and shadow banks: Competitors or complements?

Bank managers can buy risky assets through a regulated bank and through an off-balance sheet special purpose vehicle (SPV). The choice of the preferred entity depends on whether bank managers can lower the cost of SPV funding by guaranteeing SPV returns with bank proceeds. When there are no guarantees, using the SPV is more profitable for high levels of the minimum capital requirement, in which case the SPV crowds out the bank. Contrary, when bank managers guarantee SPV returns, the bank needs to operate for the SPV to take advantage of recourse to the bank’s balance sheet also when the capital requirement is high. The bank and the SPV intermediation become complements.     

A Note on the Determinants of the Outcomes of Bankruptcy Petitions: Evidence From Korea

This study provides evidence on the determinants of the outcomes of bankruptcy petitions using Korean firms for the period from 1977 to 1994. We hypothesize that a firm with more free assets, less liquid assets, longer existing period, larger size, lower operating risk, and more goodwill would have higher survival prospects from the bankruptcy petition. The results from logit estimation confirm this hypothesis. The free assets, existing period, firm size, and goodwill have positive influence on the probability of reorganization, while the liquid assets, and operating risk are negatively related to the probability of reorganization. Among these variables, the free assets percentage is the most significant at the one percent level in determining the outcomes of bankruptcy petitions. This reveals that a bankrupt firm with more free assets tends to be reorganized because it would be easy to obtain additional financing needed for the successful reorganization. The liquid assets and existing period are also significant at the five percent level. We conclude that a firm with more free assets, less liquid assets, and longer existing period would have higher survival prospects in Korea.     

信托受益权登记背景下的信托产品销售决策变化及影响——基于不同渠道偏好和成本的视角

信托受益权的登记细则出台及国内信托受益权账户系统的上线,对信托产品的销售渠道产生影响。通过模型构建,研究新制度背景下服务水平变化对信托公司销售成本的影响,并推导出直销和代销两种渠道的市场份额会发生变化,信托公司直销的市场份额将增加,由第三方财富公司代销的市场份额将逐步减小。销售渠道的改变会降低信托融资的总成本,从而会对信托业以及整个金融监管模式产生积极影响。     

Asset Allocation in Bankruptcy

This paper investigates the consequences of liquidation and reorganization on the allocation and subsequent utilization of assets in bankruptcy. Using the random assignment of judges to bankruptcy cases as a natural experiment that forces some firms into liquidation, we find that the long‐run utilization of assets of liquidated firms is lower relative to assets of reorganized firms. These effects are concentrated in thin markets with few potential users and in areas with low access to finance. These findings suggest that when search frictions are large, liquidation can lead to inefficient allocation of assets in bankruptcy.     

信托产品的制度解析——兼与《信托制度异化论》作者商榷

《信托制度异化论》中信托产品之支付对价、物权性货币和规避法律约束等三宗罪,并非信托产品的真实问题。信托市场主要存在私募限制、刚性兑付机制和多头规制所引起的组合单一、贷款化和不公平竞争等问题,本质上是制度设计的偏差。因此,应从制度本身出发,在分类评级和严格监管的前提下,推进信托产品公募化;在完善投资者保护机制的同时,强调信托投资风险自担;并适应大信托市场趋势,统一信托产品监管规则等。