完善我国非正规就业社会保障制度的思考

非正规就业已日益成为我国吸纳劳动力就业的重要渠道,但非正规就业的社会保障制度供给不均衡,制约和影响着非正规就业健康发展。完善我国非正规就业社会保障制度,在理论上要处理好两个关系,实践上要注意解决好四个问题。     

非正规就业及其社会保障基金筹集研究

非正规就业是我国近几年来新兴的一种就业形式 ,也称“候鸟式”就业。这种就业形式在诸如缓解就业和社会保障等的压力上有着重要的作用。文章就我国非正规就业的产生、发展及其作用 ,非正规部门就业的社会保障基金的筹集等问题进行了分析。     

规范发展我国非正规就业的对策

非正规就业是我国目前解决就业问题的重要途径，发展过程中仍然存在许多问题：劳动关系松散而极不稳定；劳动条件差而工资待遇低；非正规就业人员缺乏来自社会的制度性保护；缺少职业培训以及就业服务；多头管理，缺少统一的管理部门；相关规定操作性不强，缺乏专门的法律政策等。针对非正规就业发展中存在的问题。应当从管理体系、就业制度、社会保障、法规政策等方面加以规范。     

双重劳动力市场与社会保障制度的互制关系

一、双重劳动力市场的现状制约了社会保障制度的健全和完善 1．大量非正规就业者的存在对社会保障制度的设计提出了新的要求：现行社会保险制度都是基于正规单位和正规就业形式设计的，费用的征缴、待遇的支付等各个方面都不适合非正规就业者。     

我国非正规就业发展的现状与对策研究

非正规就业已经成为解决当前我国就业困难的重要途径,但是非正规就业存在发展非自愿化、地区差异较大、行业分布不平衡、人力资本低下与缺乏社会保障等问题。文章通过对其现状形成原因进行深入分析,认为可以通过优化劳动力市场、扶持落后地区经济、打破行业壁垒、加大教育投入及完善社会保障等方面等措施,实现非正规就业良性发展。     

论稳定劳动关系的社会保障制度的构建

劳动关系稳定与劳动力市场的供需状况密切相关,而社会保障对劳动力市场供需状况影响较大,进而影响劳动关系的稳定.鉴于我国劳动关系不太稳定的现实,应当构建维持劳动力供需平衡的社会保障制度,以失业保障为重心,以促进就业为目标,建立适用于正规就业和非正规就业的两套社会保障体系.     

非正规就业与非正规经济关系浅析

非正规就业在应对我国日益严重的就业问题中成为吸纳城镇劳动力就业的重要渠道,但也因在劳动关系、社会保障、收入报酬等方面不固定、不规范、不正规现象与问题,使人们将其直接与非正规经济、非法经济等同。从对非正规就业的理性理解和认识、非正规经济与非法经济、地下经济的内涵差异入手,认为非正规就业可以从广义上等同于非正规经济,但不能简单地认定其为非法经济,应当在实践中正确细分非正规就业的违法违规等"不正规"行为,以利于科学管理、规范引导我国非正规就业健康发展。     

非正规就业破解就业压力

今后10～15年间,我国非正规就业将呈现以下趋势: 1.非正规部门将得到巨大的发展,非正规就业比例将迅速上升,成为我国城镇最主要的就业部门。阻碍这一趋势发展的因素主要包括:非正规部门生存环境恶劣,缺乏必要的政策保障、资金信贷渠道、场地设施等;非正规从业者处于“低技能、低收入、高风险”的境地,缺乏必要的社会保障、法律保护和技能培训。     

浅析非正规就业对大学生创业的影响及对策

伴随全球经济危机、我国经济转型和高等教育进入大众化阶段,我国大学生＂就业难＂问题日益严峻。在各种促进就业的措施中,非正规就业得到社会各界的广泛关注。本文探讨了非正规就业在就业观念、劳动关系、社会保障和资金来源四方面对大学生创业产生的消极影响,并提出了相应对策建议。     

农民工非正规就业问题探究与思考

农民工群体是我国劳动力市场的重要组成部分,也是我国非正规就业的主体部分,对我国经济社会建设做出了重要贡献.但是其社会地位、基本权利等基本的社会保障没有得到应有的落实,本文旨在分析研究农民工非正规就业现状及问题的基础上,提出相应对策建议.     

影响非正规就业安全性的因素分析

非正规就业作为多种就业形式之一在促进中国经济增长、缓解日益严重的就业压力方面起着越来越重要的作用。但同时在当下劳动力市场中非正规就业的安全性却受到了严峻的挑战。影响非正规就业安全性的主要因素表现为非正规就业者贫乏的社会资本以及本身偏低的人力资本存量、强资本弱劳工的社会格局;歧视性的政策惯性;不完善的劳动力市场以及缺位的社会服务体系。     

Employment security and the demand for labour in Europe

This paper analyses the impact of employment security on labour demand. The approach taken is to estimate a dynamic labour demand function that allows for the effect of changes in a measure of employment security derived from surveys of employers. The estimation uses panel data on employment (both in terms of the total number of employees and total hours worked) for seven European countries for the period 1981–1994. The results suggest that employment security can have significant effects in slowing down the dynamic adjustment of labour demand. The paper also finds some (less robust) evidence that employment security can increase the long run level of labour demand in terms of total hours, but not the number of persons employed.     

浅析中国失业现状及其解决对策

近来,由于受金融危机的影响,中国的就业状况面临严峻考验.为此,应采取积极有效措施提高劳动者就业能力,转变就业观念,优化产业结构,完善社会保障制度,扩大内需,以推动就业,消减失业影响.     

政府就业战略选择与公共管理责任

高校毕业生就业已成为一个社会问题。政府部门肩负着构建毕业生社会保障与援助机制、开辟毕业生就业空间与就业机会传导机制、强化就业评价与督导机制方面的公共管理责任。     

我国女性劳动参与率的变化趋势及效应分析

劳动参与率是衡量劳动力就业状态的重要指标。本文通过研究我国女性劳动参与率的变化趋势、生命周期规律及城乡差别,得出以下基本结论：我国女性劳动参与率下降,不利于经济持续增长,加重女性社会保障系统负担；农业领域的女性劳动参与率较高,农业女性化趋势日益明显。政府要采取措施削弱伴随而来的负面效应。     

Job Security,Financial Security and Worker Well‐being: New Evidence on the Effects of Flexible Employment

This paper uses panel data drawn from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to provide new evidence of the links between unemployment, wages, job security, financial security and workers' well‐being for workers in flexible employment. Our findings indicate that workers in flexible employment encounter more unemployment and experience increased job insecurity; unemployment is associated with wage penalties. Lower wages, job insecurity and financial insecurity affect well‐being. However, these negative outcomes are mitigated by longer job tenure. Our results have implications for moves towards a flexicurity model of employment     

金融危机视野下的雇佣安全

在当前的金融危机背景下,组织不再承诺提供稳定和安全的就业,雇主和雇员的心理契约正在发生变化。在新的雇佣关系中,工作保障并不是建立在企业内部,而是建立在员工的可雇佣性上。为应对雇佣的不安全性,员工个人需要主动维持和开发自身的可雇佣性;组织应不断向员工提供现代化的技能培训机会以提高员工在公司外求职的能力;政府和社会应对雇佣双方权势不对等的现状予以关注,为求职者创建"体面"工作的就业环境。     

Social security,saving, and macroeconomics

Arguing within the framework of a life-cycle hypothesis of consumption of the individual household, Martin Feldstein has claimed that a pay-as-you-go, unfunded social-security system implies a private-sector perception of wealth which both depresses private saving and raises aggregate consumption. But the effects in a macro-economic context are not the same. With less than full employment, perceived increments to private wealth in social security or any other government obligations should increase current and planned future consumption and saving, raising employment and output. With full employment, as long as monetary policy is appropriately accommodating, such increments to wealth should raise prices but leave all real variables, including capital accumulation, unaffected. Increases in social-security wealth would merely substitute for real private wealth in the form of explicit government bonds. Econometric estimates from corrected U.S. data on social security, public debt, income, and employment are consistent with these hypotheses.     

On the Use of the Prisoners' Dilemma to Analyze the Relations Between Employment Security,Trust, And Effort

Sociologists and political scientists have argued that the explanatory adequacy of economics is undermined by unreasonable assumptions of rationality. Yet interpretations that make strong rationality assumptions remain common. Analyses of the effects of employment security on work effort provide one example. The iterated prisoners' dilemma has been used to deduce a positive effect of employment security on work effort. Several difficulties with this approach are identified, including that the cooperative solution to the iterated prisoners' dilemma game i) requires infinite play or uncertainty about the end of the repetitions of the game; ii) is made less likely where there are structural bases for divergent interests; iii) ignores the possibility that employers might choose to shift the game to another arena. In general, there is the difficulty that employer-employee relations involve three simultaneous prisoners' dilemmas. The paper concludes that the hyper-rational approach implied in the prisoners' dilemma is an unpromising route for the analysis of the effects of employment security.     

Understanding the recent Sino-U.S. trade conflict

ABSTRACT

To understand Sino-U.S. trade relations, this article interprets the trade imbalance between China and the United States from the Trump administration’s perspective. The Trump administration claims that the Chinese government’s subsidies and high import tariffs cause the Sino-U.S. trade deficit, resulting in job losses in the U.S. The Trump administration therefore argues that imposing high tariffs on Chinese exports can resolve the deficit. The article finds that U.S. statistical accounting overestimates the deficit. Reducing China’s imports cannot increase U.S. employment, and China provides the United States with low-price and high-quality products. Chinese investors tend to invest the surplus by purchasing U.S. Treasury bonds. In addition, the United States limits Chinese investments due to ‘national security’ concerns. China’s upgrading to the high end of the global value chain is a consequence of economic development. Therefore, the two countries should rebalance Sino-U.S. trade by seeking economic and trade cooperation via trade negotiations.