超临界萃取沙棘籽油及脂肪酸组成研究

以二氧化碳作萃取溶剂,利用超临界萃取技术,考察提取沙棘籽油的最佳实验条件。采用Box-Benhnken中心组合法进行3因素3水平试验设计,以沙棘籽油提取率为响应值,进行响应面分析。结果表明当萃取压力为25 MPa、萃取温度45℃、CO_2流量70 L·h~(-1)时,萃取效果最好,提取率为93.77%。对沙棘籽油的脂肪酸组成进行分析显示,超临界萃取的沙棘籽油主要含有油酸(25.23%)、亚油酸(35.59%)、亚麻酸(27.89%)。     

技术转让与合作

无机化工超临界CO2 萃取与精制超临界CO2 萃取是八十年代以来国际上取得迅速发展的分离新技术 ,以天然产物为原料生产较昂贵的纯天然产物。超临萃取具有萃取速度快、选择性好、提取分离可在室 (低 )温下进行、不存在溶剂残留污染、CO2 便宜等一系列优点 ,克服了传统的溶剂分离、水蒸汽蒸馏、压榨等分离方法存在的弊病 ,保存了天然产物原有的风味和营养成份 ,顺应了人们崇尚天然食品和回归大自然的世界潮流。超临界CO2 萃取技术主要应用在香料、食品和医药工业 ,对于一些用常规方法难以提取和纯化的物质 ,超临界萃取方法更能显示其独特的…     

湖北恩施地区油茶籽油与茶叶籽油的对比分析

详细介绍湖北省恩施地区油茶籽和茶叶籽在整籽含油率、水分、含仁率、油脂中脂肪酸组成方面的区别以及对人体功效的简介。其中,油脂是采用精心筛选的茶籽为原料,用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术提取的油脂,油脂质量达到油茶籽油国家标准一级油(GB 11765-2003)和食用植物油卫生标准(GB 2716-2005)。     

超临界流体技术在辣椒综合利用方面的应用

辣椒的色素是优质的天然色素,辣椒的辣素具有药用价值,辣椒籽富含的亚油酸是人体必需的脂肪酸。为提高辣椒加工的经济价值,笔者建议:采用辣椒果皮与水打浆,用超临界二氧化碳一级萃取二级分离的方法提取色素和辣素;将辣椒籽粉碎后,用超临界二氧化碳二级萃取和分离提取辣素和油脂;辣椒果皮和辣椒籽经提取后的残渣作为饲料。     

信息天地

YZD650柔性版印刷制袋联动机问世天津市轻工包装机械厂研制成功一种YZD650柔性版印刷制袋联动机。它填补了国内纸包装机械的该项空白。同时被国内贸易部及全国包装改进办公室纳入全国包装改进“九五”规划。该机属机电一体化产品,它技术档次高,结构先进,性能优越,采用电脑控制。它是适含生产我国粮食小包装和各种食品用纸袋的理想设备。与国外同类机器比较,所需资金为其1／10,但机器比较功能基本一致。超临界萃取姜油最近,国家二级企业广州市南方面粉股份有限公司相继成功开发出超临弄CO2萃取小麦胚芽油外,超临弄CO2萃取美粮油…     

生物化工

超临界流体萃取技术(澳大利亚)超临界流体萃取方法是利用超临界流体的独特性质选 择性地从源自生物的液体或固体中选择性地提取和分离有价值成分的一项技术。这项技术传统上用于提取和分馏非极性化合物,包括脂肪、油、香料和香精、色素、功能或生物活性化合物、蛇麻草提取物、咖啡因、胆固醇。超临界技术的新     

超临界CO_2萃取辣椒副产物中的辣椒碱

本试验以辣椒副产物(脱色辣椒粉)为原料,采用超临界流体萃取技术系统开展了辣椒综合开发利用的工艺研究。通过实验研究得出了超临界流体CO_2萃取辣椒碱的适宜工艺方法和工艺条件,得出超临界流体萃取辣椒碱的提取纯度及得率。     

用超临界CO_2萃取法从沙蚕中提取高纯度沙蚕毒素的研究

本文研究了用超临界CO_2萃取法从海洋蠕虫状动物沙蚕体腔细胞中提取沙蚕毒素的萃取条件(温度、压力、流量)对萃取过程的影响,探讨了超临界CO_2萃取法与传统提取方法比较之后的最佳分离方法。     

最新科技论文题录 精细化工

过氧化氢法制备AC发泡剂 游贤德香荚兰酶促生香超临界CO2萃取香气成分的研究 金丽等色素沉着与美白护肤品 李小迪西番莲食用香精的调配 高朱玮我国涂料企业集团的发展及存在的问题 成炳彦室内装修呼唤绿色环保涂料 蔡敏钊等水性木器漆 朱万章等抗污乳胶漆的研制 邹候招等健康型建筑内墙涂料 芮龚     

石榴籽油的提取及抗氧化作用研究

本试验以石榴籽为原料,以石榴籽油的提取率为评价指标,研究料液比、水浴温度和水浴时间对提取率的影响。试验结果表明:石榴籽油的最佳提取工艺是料液比1∶20、水浴温度50℃、水浴时间2 h,在该工艺条件下,石榴籽油的提取率可以达到11.80%;在花生油和猪油的抗氧化试验结果中表明石榴籽油对这两种油脂均有优良的抗氧化效果。     

Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of Tunisia: A Market Study

World demand for aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP), as well as the essential oils and extracts from these plants have been expanding because of their diversified and extensive usage. Demand for essential oils and plant extracts is driven by food flavoring industries, cosmetic and fragrance industries, and demand for industrial solvents. The principal consumers of all market classes of essential oils are the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. There are ten essential oil crops that account for 80% of the world market for essential oils. Based on the global AMP market demand, this article mainly addresses the “constraints on” and “opportunities for” expansion of this sector, which were ascertained through meetings with Tunisian AMP exporters and processors, literature reviews, and by collating responses to the Tunisian Exporter Marketing Survey. Based on these inputs, recommendations have been formulated to help capitalize Tunisia's comparative advantages to overcome the constraints and maximize opportunities.     

气相色谱分析脂肪酸组成鉴别地沟油的方法研究

应用气相色谱内标法测定了50多种植物油、20多种地沟油和4种动物油中37种脂肪酸的含量,对其脂肪酸组成和差异进行了分析,建立了不同种类植物油脂的特征指纹谱库。应用该指纹谱库可以对各品种植物油进行种类归属判定;同时分析了地沟油与植物油的差异性脂肪酸组成,发现特定的脂肪酸如月桂酸（C12：0）、肉豆蔻酸（C14：0）和十七烷酸（C17：0）等的含量组成,地沟油与正常油脂具有明显的差异,可以作为地沟油的判别依据;利用该判别依据,参加了两次卫生部组织的地沟油盲样考核,阳性准确率均在90%以上。表明利用脂肪酸组成分析方法,是一种有效且可靠性较高的鉴别地沟油的方法。     

氘代同位素内标-气相色谱-质谱法测定胆固醇含量鉴别地沟油的研究

采用氘代同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱方法,分析了不同种类植物油和不同来源地沟油中胆固醇含量。本方法的灵敏度和稳定性明显高于文献报道的方法,可以明显鉴别出不同种类的植物油以及植物油与地沟油胆固醇含量的差别,根据测定结果偏离情况可以进行是否添加地沟油的判定。利用该判别依据,参加了两次卫生部组织的地沟油盲样考核,阳性准确率均在90%以上,表明该方法可以作为掺杂地沟油鉴别方法之一。     

关于开发应用食品专用煎炸油的讨论

传统煎炸油在炸制食品过程中因自身的不稳定易过早发生劣变。通过分析劣变煎炸油对人体健康和食品加工单位造成的负面影响、我国目前食品行业煎炸用油卫生质量状况、油炸食品存在的安全隐患及缓解煎炸油劣变的常用方法的不足,说明开发应用专用煎炸油的必要性与紧迫性及其重要意义,同时提出了专用煎炸油的开发应用方向。     

The quality of cooking oil used in informal food processing in Malawi: a preliminary study

A survey was conducted in Lilongwe city urban markets in Malawi, to assess the quality of cooking oil used for frying potato chips. Purposive sampling was performed to come up with respondents who were using vegetable oils. A stratified random sampling was used to select the 32 informal food processors who were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Oil samples were collected from the most commonly used brand of oil. Fifteen respondents were selected and these were divided into three categories of five: those who were not reusing the oil, those who were reusing the oil and those who were preparing potato chips and chicken in the same oil, for chemical analysis. The preliminary results showed that while the majority (59.4%) of the informal food processors discarded the oil after 1 day, 3.1% discarded it after 4 days and another 12.5% after 3 days. A larger proportion of the respondents (40.6%) used the leftover oils at home, 37.5% kept it in oil bottles, 3.1% kept it in plastic papers for reuse the following day. Also, most respondents (57%) indicated dark colour as the sign of oil deterioration, 29% discarded the oil after noticing foam formation while 8.2% and 6.1% said they discarded the oil after noticing a bad smell and food absorbing the oils respectively. A physical observation of the various oils showed that for most of the respondents (34%), the oils were dark brown in colour, in 22%, the oils were slightly dark brown and 16%, the oils were brown. Foam formation was noticed in 13% of the respondents. It was also noted that 91% of the respondents had not been trained or briefed of food quality and safety issues. A chemical analysis of the oils showed high values of free fatty acids (range, 0.84–1.4112 compared with 0.42 in the fresh oil) and peroxide values (range 14.7–16.6 compared with 9.0 in the fresh oil). It may be concluded that the oils being used by the informal food processors in Malawi are of poor quality and so the foods cooked in them may be a health hazard to the consumers and the processors themselves. Although this work in ongoing, it may be recommended at the outset that the health department of the city assemblies should inspect these oils for the good health of the consumers.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定脂肪酸组成鉴别地沟油的方法研究

建立了分析油脂样品中37种脂肪酸含量的气相色谱-质谱检测方法,通过对100多种植物油和20多种地沟油的37种脂肪酸含量的分析,总结出了根据37种脂肪酸含量鉴别地沟油的判定依据。低碳数饱和脂肪酸是地沟油与植物油差异较大的组分,但是应用气相色谱方法测定时无法对其进行准确的定性定量,从而无法根据低碳数饱和脂肪酸的组成进行是否地沟油判定。应用气相色谱-质谱方法,提高了方法的灵敏度,完善了根据脂肪酸组成判定地沟油的依据。应用该判定依据,对卫生部两次盲样进行判定,阳性准确率分别为100%和95%,阴性准确率分别为100%和90%,表明该判定依据是一种有效且准确率较高的鉴别地沟油的方法。     

Rising Crude Oil Prices: The Link to Environmental Regulations

Crude oil is not a homogenous commodity. Light sweet crude oils produce a high percentage of products desired by consumers after distillation. Other crude oils (heavy, sour, or high-sulfur crude) must be heavily processed to obtain needed products. The failure to understand the differences between desirable light crudes and heavy sour crude oils can lead to bad forecasts of market behavior. Using a stylized model of the market, I show that tightening environmental regulations in the absence of adequate refining capacity to process heavy sour crude puts upward pressure on crude prices and explains the 2008 price increase. The upward pressure is exacerbated by the monopolist practices of heavy sour crude producers, who set price differentials to maximize income. This model also can be used to analyze the impact of the supplies lost from Libya in 2011.     

核磁共振技术在地沟油鉴别中的应用研究

采用布鲁克核磁仪（600兆）做H谱全扫,根据H谱的化学位移和积分面积进行归纳总结,建立了不同种类植物油和不同来源地沟油中H谱变化的规律。本方法一共开发出12个指标对植物油和地沟油进行鉴别,同时引进统计分析方法,在对植物油和地沟油的样本数据库聚类分析基础上,对考核盲样进行判别分析。采用该方法对卫生部两次考核盲样进行判别分析,准确率可达到90%,表明核磁共振方法是一种有效的地沟油鉴别方法。     

葡萄籽的综合开发与利用

对葡萄籽的开发利用情况进行了综这,其主要方向有：从葡萄籽中提取葡萄籽油、原花青素、单宁以及蛋白质等物质,葡萄籽饼粕制肥料、饲料、洗涤剂及高级活性炭等。通过对葡萄籽中有效成分的提取和应用,提高综合利用水平。     

Alternative Measures of Health Information and Demand for Fats and Oils in Japan

This study investigates the major factors affecting the demand for fats and oils under the possible influence of health information on fat and cholesterol in Japan. The fat and cholesterol information indexes based on diminishing effect schemes provide better measures of the changing health information on fat and cholesterol than the ad-hoc cumulative index. This study shows that increasing consumer health information appear to have reduced the consumption of hog grease, tallow, and palm oil, and increased the use of fish oil, but it has had no major impact on other vegetable oils yet.