汇率波动对我国股市稳定的实证研究——基于金融危机背景下

研究金融危机背景下人民币汇率与我国股市的关系及传导机制,有助于认识外汇市场和我国资本市场之间的联动关系。本文通过实证发现人民币汇率与股市之间存在长期稳定的协整关系。长期来看,两者之间存在双向的影响。从短期来看,主要表现出股价对汇率的影响。从行业板块与汇率的关系来看,除了能源板块,其他行业板块均与汇率存在长期协整关系,汇率波动与行业指数波动互为Granger因果关系。金融危机背景下人民币升值已从对股价的推动因素转变为制约因素。最后本文给出政策建议。     

金融危机背景下中国股市和汇市关联效应的实证

运用协整检验、Granger因果检验、向量误差修正模型、方差分解等对金融危机发生前和金融危机发生后中国汇市和股市的关联效应进行实证研究,结果表明无论从短期还是从长期看,金融危机发生前汇率是股价的单向Granger原因,汇率对股价波动的影响较大,股价对汇率的波动影响很小。而在金融危机发生后,汇率和股价存在着双向的因果关系,汇率对股价波动的影响以及股价对汇率波动的影响都较大。金融危机发生后汇市和股市的关联效应明显增强。     

汇率与股价的溢出效应及长期联动性——基于汇改后中国市场的实证研究

随着中国资本市场改革的深化,市场间的互动关系逐步回归市场化关联。本文运用协整检验、Granger因果检验、多元GARCH模型研究了汇率与股价的互动关系。研究结果表明:在长期联动性方面,汇率与股价存在稳定的长期均衡关系;在价格溢出方面,只存在汇率到股价的单向引导关系;波动溢出方面,汇市的波动冲击会影响股市,而股市的波动对汇市无明显影响。进一步的研究中,本文估算了汇率波动对股市开盘价及收盘价的影响大小。     

人民币汇率传递的不对称效应

在不同的汇率波动方向及波动幅度下,汇率传递可能是不对称的。利用中国17个主要贸易伙伴1994～2008年年度数据对人民币汇率传递的不对称性实证研究发现,在不同的汇率波动方向下,汇率传递弹性是不同的。人民币汇率贬值时的汇率传递弹性为负,升值时的汇率传递弹性为正。在不同的汇率波动幅度下,汇率传递同样是不对称的。当人民币汇率波动幅度小于2．68％时,汇率传递弹性为-0．5815;当汇率波动幅度大于2．68％时,汇率传递弹性为-0．0578。     

汇率与我国股价变动的非线性关系研究--基于股市周期和股市规模视角

研究汇率与股价变动之间的关系对于防范金融风险在不同金融市场间的传递具有重要的现实意义。首次采用非线性Granger因果检验方法研究了我国外汇市场和股票市场间的非线性关系问题，发现股市周期和股市规模在汇率与我国股价变动的非线性关系中起着非常重要的作用，两者之间的非线性关系因股市周期和股市规模不同而表现各异。此外，实证结果在一定程度上能够反映我国金融市场仍处于不成熟且资本受到管制阶段这一事实，因而我国政府应进一步放开资本管制，增强人民币汇率弹性，进而充分发挥金融市场的现代职能。     

跨境证券投资对我国股价和汇率的影响

随着我国跨境证券投资在金融账户中的占比逐渐增大,研究其对我国股价和汇率的影响具有积极的现实意义,但目前国内在研究跨境证券投资对我国股价和汇率的影响方面存在不足。本文通过构建结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型,实证分析了跨境证券投资对我国股价和汇率的影响,实证结果显示,跨境证券投资流入对我国股价和汇率具有正向影响(人民币升值),但都不具有长期持续性影响。在政策方面,建议我国加强对跨境证券投资的监管,规范投资渠道,平滑投资额度的规模,稳步推进汇率的市场化改革以及在一定程度上扩宽企业的投资和融资渠道,降低跨境证券投资大幅波动对我国股市与汇率的冲击。     

汇率是中国股市波动的重要因素吗

随着人民币汇率市场化和中国资本市场的开放,政策制定者需要重视汇率波动对中国股票市场的冲击效应。本文基于VAR模型对汇率与中国股市的联系进行了实证检验,研究发现:从整个样本区间来看,人民币汇率对中国股市波动的影响较小,汇率冲击仅能解释上证综指波动的1.44%。但是,汇率对股市波动的影响近年来显著提升,2013~2015年区间,汇率冲击解释了上证综指波动的5.47%,是2005~2008年区间解释比例的近3倍;此外,汇率对不同行业股指波动的影响有差异,对能源行业和材料行业股指的解释能力最强。由此可见,汇率对中国股市波动的影响在日益加强,应重视汇率因素在股市分析中的作用。     

汇率波动的贸易条件效应研究

本文研究的是汇率波动的贸易条件效应。通过理论和实证分析,我们发现,当汇率波动时,贸易条件会以汇率波动的一定比例发生变动。一般来说,本币贬值其直接后果是出口价格下降和进口价格上升,贬值国的贸易条件恶化。而本币升值,升值国的贸易条件改善。由于汇率波动对进出口价格的转嫁率不完全,在1990年代以后,日本汇率波动对日本贸易条件的影响变得不明确。汇率波动的贸易条件效应除了与原来的贸易条件和汇率有关外,还与进出口供给和需求弹性有关。     

货币政策对股市波动存在时滞吗?——基于货币供应量与利率变动的考察

本文运用VAR模型考察了货币政策对股市波动的影响,研究结果发现:货币政策会对股价波动产生显著性的影响;货币政策对股市波动作用时点存在2个月左右的时滞,货币供应量的影响在时滞点达到峰值,其后虽仍维持正向但会减弱,而利率在时滞点后对股市波动的负向作用相较明显且影响持续时间长,但两者对股价波动影响的贡献要小于股市本身.     

汇率预期、中美息差及央行外汇干预对股票价格的影响北大核心CSSCISSCI

随着我国金融自由化改革的全面深入,我国资本市场与国际资本市场之间的联系愈发紧密。本文通过构建开放经济条件下的两国模型,并结合无抛补利率平价理论以及考虑投资者异质性的股价动态调整方程对人民币汇率预期、外汇市场干预与中美息差影响股价的作用机理进行分析。在此基础上,文章进一步采用2006年10月至2015年8月的数据以及Logistic平滑转换误差修正模型(STECM)进行实证检验。研究结果显示,人民币汇率预期、外汇市场干预和中美息差对股价的影响存在显著的区制异质性,而且汇率预期变化对股价的影响最大,其次是央行外汇干预,而中美息差对股价的影响最小。在人民币出现较大幅度贬值预期的条件下,贬值预期的进一步增强及息差缩小或是"倒挂"均会导致股价下跌,此时央行的负向外汇干预有"止跌"作用,但该作用较小且不显著;而当人民币处于小幅贬值或是升值预期的环境中,升值预期的进一步增强及息差扩大会导致股价上涨,而此时央行大幅的正向外汇干预可能会助长股市泡沫的产生。该结论意味着,在我国资本账户不断开放以及汇率和利率市场化深入推进的过程中,强化汇率预期的管理、完善利率调控机制以及保持适度的央行外汇市场干预对于减少国际资本的投机并进而防范股票市场的异常波动具有非常重要的作用。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.