Economic principles and fundamental model of the sustainable utilization of ecological resources

1. Introduction The mainstream of present economy is the green eco-economy, including green products, green production, green consumption, green market, green industry, and so on. These are the concrete demands of sustainable development for economic life. With the development of economy, society and science and technology and the increase of the population, the abundant ecological resources become more and more scarce [1]. So the quantity and quality of eco- logical resources can’t increasin…     

Appraisal of the vegetation-based services for cropland ecosystems： a case study of a high-yielding county in North China

1. Introduction Ecosystem services are explicitly defined as “the natural environmental conditions and effects upon which people rely for existence that are formed and maintained by ecosystems and ecological processes” [1] . The valuation of ecosystem goods and services has become an important issue in the field of envi- ronmental protection and sustainable development, which also represents one aspect of the United Na- tions Millennium Assessment. At present, the re- search associated wit…     

西部地区资源开发战略与可持续发展

1.China's economic development and resources In the course of world industrialization, resources have been reduced and environment is deteriorating. This results from two factors. One is growth of world population.World population went up to 1 billion in 1800, 2 billion in 1930; accordingly, it cost 130 years to grow 1 billion. And then, it reached 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1975, 5 billion in 1987 and 6 billion in 1999.     

The outline on Ecological Marxism Economics

PART 1When the 20th century went to its end, BritishBroadcasting Company held a global appraisal activ-ity to all thinkers and Marx was appraised as “the No.1 thinker of the thousand years”. Recently, the fourthstation of BBC held again an appraisal activity to thegreatest philosophers both ancient and contemporary,and Marx was again named the top 1 among globalten great philosophers. The two results tell us clearlythat Marx is living in our real world and must livecontinuously in the f…     

Agricultural land loss in China’s urbanization process

1. IntroductionThe experience of developed countries confirmsthat urbanization is an inevitable and necessary coursein economic transition and development. Urbaniza-tion is developing fast in China, which is stepping upeconomic liberalization and industrialization. Highpopulation density and changeful life styles have beenseen as the predominant characteristics ofurbanization, accompanied with contracting greenbeltand peripheral rural land conversion. In 2003, Chinahad 660 municipalities, 283…     

Determining soil redistribution in Dian Lake catchment by com- bined use of caesium-137 and selected chemical properties

Recent development in the use of the environmental radionuclide caesium-137 for documenting rates and soil redistribution on the cultivated or uncultivated land and estimating rates of sediment deposition on represents an important advance that overcomes many of the limitations of the conventional techniques commonly applied in such investigations. A study on soil redistribution （including soil erosion and deposition） was carried out in the Dian Lake catchment, Yunnan Province, using ^137Cs and selected chemical properties. The average soil erosion rate was 1,280.2 t km^2 yr^-1. Soil erosion rate occurring on different parts of the slope was significantly different on different parts of the slope, increasing.from the top. the bottom to the middle slope. The average soil erosion rate is also different with the land use type and that of the cultivated land （1, 672. 8 t km^-2 yr^-1） is higher than oJ the uncultivated land （1.161.2t km^-2 yr^-1 ）. The result shows that landform, slope gradient and land use type are key factors that influence the size of soil erosion. In addition, we also find the SOC and TN contents and amount of the soil erosion to be correlated in the soil. With the soil erosion occurring, there are land degradation and the local eco-environmental problems, such as water eutrophication in Dian Lake.     

On Strategy of Resource Exploitation and Sustainable Development in Western China

I.China’seconomicdevelopment andresourcesIn the course of world industrialization, resources havebeen reduced and environment is deteriorating. This re-sults from two factors. One is growth of world population.World population went up to 1 billion in 1800, 2 billion in1930; accordingly, it cost 130 years to grow 1 billion. Andthen, it reached 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1975, 5 billionin 1987 and 6 billion in 1999. In the period of 1960-1999, itcost only 30, 15, 13 and 12 years respecti…     

Definitions and progress of ecosystem health and ecological security

1. Introduction Development of human industrial civilization and predatory exploitation of natural resources have in- duced tremendous changes of ecological environment. In recent years, territorial and global environmental problems have increased, such as greenhouse effect, depletion of ozone, global warming, water scarcity, water pollution, acid rain, decrease of biodiversity, soil erosion desertification etc. These changes seriously intimidate the health and security of ecosystems, and dist…     

Study on the causes and countermeasures for the dislocation of industrial structure in Three Gorges Region

1. IntroductionIndustrial structure theory, including the forma-tion and development theory of industrial structure,industrial linkage theory, industrial layout theory andso on, mainly studies the composing structure ofindustry, the connection between industries and theconnection between various industries and the wholeeconomy in a certain economy system[1]. Throughstudying the history, status quo and future of in-dustrial structure, it reveals the general trend of theindustrial structure evol…     

LUCC of large opencast mines in loess area during ecological restoration： a case study of Pingshuo Mine

1. Introduction Studies on land eco-recovery and ecology re- construction emerged in1960s in the world, but it didn't begin until 1980s in China. Actually, the stud- ies on land recovery and ecological reconstruction began in China in 1990s. Many large progresses have been made in the study on the theory of eco- logical recovery of disused land in recent 10 years [1-3]. According to the characters of terrene and min- eral resources, the research areas of ecological re- covery consist of: (1) …     

Experience and lessons from tourism exploitation in Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage

1. Introduction By the end of 2005, 31 world heritages in China had ranked in The World Heritage List by UNESCO, which included 4 natural and cultural heritages, 4 natural heritages and 23 cultural heritages. All of them are located in natural surroundings with high value and special characteristics. In addition to these world heritages, China also has 12 world geological parks, 26 international MAB biosphere reserves, 243 national natural reserves, 138 national geological parks and 187 …     

Relationship between ethnic landscape and environment in the Nujiang River basin of Yunnan Province, China

Each nationality has formed unique ethnic culture in the long history. Ethnic culture is spatially reflected byethnic distribution. The distribution of nationalities is influenced by ethnic history, culture, society and religion, alsoaffected by regional physical setting. This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic distribution pattern and naturalsetting with contrast analytical method. The digital elevation model （DEM） is established on basis of contour map on ascale of 1：250,000 in the Nujiang River basin, Yunnan Province by ArcGIS, a Geographic Information System （GIS）software. Based on DEM, the spatial analysis and statistical function of GIS, the landscape patterns of populationdistribution of the selected minorities is described, and 4 sub-regions are divided in the Nujiang River basin of YunnanProvince while the features and disparity of landscape pattern and its forming mechanism are discussed, along withhistorical and archaeological data. The conclusions are as follow： （1） The ethnic distribution is mosaic in the matrix ofother racial distribution, and have a distinct spatial correlation. （2） For the difference in cultivation between differentnationalities, certain nationality lived in the area suitable for production mode of its own and coincident with appropriategeographical setting. （3） The spatial distribution of settlement spots of the minorities is controlled by the convenience ofwater supply. The landscape pattern of ethnic distribution is closely relative to natural environment.     

Brief Introduction

Cover Story NO.1 and NO.2;pecial Report The Club of HR;Case Analysis One HR Make Trap For Her Co-worker;Round Table DiscussionWhy and How to Say ＂No＂ to Your Boss.     

Study on Chinese enterprises’internationalization mode and strategy

1. Introduction Enterprise internationalization means that enter prises take the production, operation, investmen activities internationally and actively participate in international competition. In the world economi globalization, enterprises cannot avoid having rela tionship with the world economy, including Chines enterprises. Therefore, this paper starts from th analysis on the internationalization theory and ex plains the status quo of Chinese enterprises, th characteristics and necessit…     

Vegetation actualities and feasibility of restoration for the periphery of oasis in extreme arid region： taking Qira County of Xinjiang as an example

1. Introduction Oasis, as a unique ecological unit of arid and semi- arid region, is the living place of the people in arid area. It is one of the components in arid desert, that is, it is involved in the desert but different from desert, and they can be transformed mutually under certain conditions. In the oasis-desert ecosystem, the pe- riphery of oasis is the most outstanding area whose transformation is extremely severe and frequent [1-3]. The periphery, a transitional system, is the conve…     

Analysis on Comprehensive Benefits of a Company Planting Banana on Rented Lands

I. Brief introduction of the company In 1996, the company bought the 20 years’ usufruct of 1, 500 acres of wasteland with 100,000yuan. According to the national Four Deserted Lands Transfer Policy at that time, it thrived on banana planting. The company is a private company combining agriculture, scientific re- search and trade with a continuous line of producing, supplying and selling, mainly engaged in the research and cultivation of the banana variety, the growing and production of the b…     

Impacts of birdwatching tourism on environment and economy

Birdwatching tourism can be a good model for nature conservation and economic development if it is managed with the well-being of local ecosystems and human communities. Birdwatchers can bring financial sources to local nature conservation. Many communities and local leaders consider birdwatching as a significant mean to develop local economics and publicize regional image, but only few research have tried to study the impacts of relevant activities on destinations. The purpose of the paper is to give a comprehensive review on impacts of birdwatching from conservation economics and biology perspective. Use a behavioral approach study impacts of birdwatching tourism on environment and economy. Specific objectives here are： （1） review the value and significance on environment and economy; （2） economic potential of non-residential birdwatching for community-based conservations; （3） using a behavioral approach, combine quantitative and qualitative methods study birdwatching impacts; （4） outline the economic and environmental benefits and problems associated with the activity; and （5） aid community leaders and tourism business related company in their efforts to improving the value of birdwatching; help the leaders of natural reserve areas develop birdwatching tourism.     

Return threshold model analysis of two stock markets： Evidence study of Italy and Germany＇s stock returns

This paper discusses the model construction and the association between the Italy and the Germany＇s stock markets. The period of study data is from January 3, 2000 to June 30, 2008. This paper also utilizes Student＇s t distribution to analyze the proposed model. The empirical results show that the two stock markets are mutually affected each other, and the dynamic conditional correlation （DCC） and the bivariate asymmetric-GARCH （1, 2） model is appropriate in evaluating the relation between them. The empirical result also indicates that Italy and Germany＇s stock markets show a positive relationship. The average value of correlation coefficient equals to 0.8424, which implies that the two stock markets return volatility have a synchronized influence on each other. In addition, the empirical result also shows that there is an asymmetrical effect between Italy and the Germany＇s stock markets, and demonstrates that the good news and bad news of the stock returns＇ volatility will produce the different variation risks for Italy and the Germany＇s stock price markets.     

Community participation mode of ecotourism in Tibetan area of Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province

1. The basis of community participation of ecotourism in Shangri-La Tibetan area In 1980, the Canadian scholar Clande Molin put forward community participating ecology and cul- ture tourism in his academic thesis [1]. Based on this, Mexico scholar H. Ceballos Lascurain first used the term “ecotourism” in his book in 1983, and was con- firmed by International Environment Conference in Mexico 1986[2]. In 1993, the Ecotourism Society re- defined ecotourism and pointed out its two impor- t…     

Environmental effects of export trade in the Yangtze River Delta, 2003-2006

Economic globalization has promoted the formation of global production network, and correspondingly the high-quality environmental factors are reconfigured behind the physical commodities exchange. Export trade not only drives China＇s economic growth, promotes industrial upgrading and technological progress, but also may have a negative impact on the environment. After reviewing and summarizing the existing relevant literatures, tire paper collects the required statistic data from 2003 to 2006 and uses the panel data model to measure the environmental effects of export trade in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that the export trade of Yangtze River Delta has a negative impact on the environment. When the variables of economic scale, economic structure areftxed, with the export trade growth of 1%, the industrial sulfur dioxide emission and industrial waste water emtsston will increase by 0.12% and 0.23% respectively. So we must pay serious attention to the negative effects, and promote regional sustainable development rapidly through adjusting the export structure and strengthening environmental regulations.