基于BAPM的企业权益资本成本研究

在行为资产定价模型(BAPM)中,股票的权益资本成本和行为β相关.在非有效市场中,无风险利率、市场投资组合、行为β和市场风险溢价共同决定了权益资本成本.     

我国市场环境下股权资本成本计量的研究综述

股权资本成本是公司筹资、投资和股利分配决策的基本参照标准,是评估公司价值的重要参数.股权资本成本的计量一直是财务理论研究的难点.文章对近年来我国学者有关股权资本成本计量的研究文献进行评述,以期揭示我国资本市场环境是否适合于西方股权资本成本计量模型.研究发现资本资产定价模型(CAPM)由于受到样本量的限制,其检验结果并不如人意,但随着我国市场环境的不断完善会逐步得到应用;剩余收益定价模型(GLS)由于其对环境的弱要求特征,在我国学者的股权资本计量中得到广泛运用.股权资本成本计量的另一个重要研究方向是发现和识别影响股权资本成本的相关因素,从而增加对股权成本计量相关因素的考量.     

公司交叉上市的资本成本效应研究综述

近十年来西方学者采用事件研究法和股权资本成本计量模型进行了大量理论探索与实证检验,但是国际资本市场上资本成本的计量是财务领域长期未解决的一个重要而棘手的问题,因此时至今日,交叉上市的资本成本效应在国际范围内仍未取得公论。本文全面梳理了交叉上市的资本成本效应相关文献,分析了我国这方面研究的不足,并为今后的研究指明了方向。     

基于CAPM的资本成本估算及其影响因素研究——以云南省上市公司为例

资本成本是公司制定筹资决策以及投资者制定投资决策的主要依据。文章从筹资者(公司)的角度,采用资本资产定价模型(CAPM)计算云南省各上市公司的资本成本,为上市公司的筹资决策提供依据,并在此基础上研究分析了影响上市公司资本成本高低的因素,提出了降低资本成本的措施,为上市公司降低运营成本、提升竞争力提供参考、借鉴。     

欧洲股票市场的规模和动因:基于不同β系数的资本资产定价模型实证研究

我们选用在13个欧洲股市上市的证券,形成规模和动因组合。我们不仅发现规模溢价的证据,还发现8个样本市场存在重大动因收益率。这些收益率可能不构成异常现象,因为它们与不同β值的资本资产定价模型一致。我们还发现,系统风险与经济周期有关。此外,研究结果显示,虽然规模和动因收益率显著,但是难以在中、短期利用它们,因为在我们的样本中只有极少年份它们的数值为正且很大。     

会计稳健性和权益资本成本研究——基于电子设备制造业上市公司的经验证据

权益资本成本是权益资本的必要报酬率,而会计稳健性则指会计在确认损失和收益时的非对称性。以2012—2014年沪深主板A股市场上市的计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业市场的最新数据为样本,利用Basu模型及其扩展、CAPM模型等,考察会计稳健性与权益资本成本之间的关系,结果表明,我国上市公司普遍存在会计稳健性,且稳健性程度越高,投资者面临的信息风险越小,从而导致权益资本成本越低。该结果支持会计稳健性的积极作用,为上市公司通过坚持会计稳健性原则降低权益资本成本、提高公司治理效果提供了理论和实证支持。     

审计定价与权益资本成本

文章以审计定价强制性公开披露后的2003～2012年国内上市公司为样本,研究了审计定价差异对上市公司权益资本成本的影响。文章通过借鉴SimuniC（1980）审计定价模型计算审计定价,发现在不考虑审计变更的前提下,连续审计下的审计定价,与真实费用之间的差异,差异为正即审计定价折扣,折扣水平越大,则权益资本成本越大;而差异若为正,即为审计定价溢价,则溢价水平越大,权益资本成本越小。文章所得出的结论将为投资者做出正确的投资决策提供新的思路。     

上市公司权益资本成本影响因素研究——基于我国上市公司2011年数据的实证检验

本文选取沪深两市A股上市公司2011年352组数据作为样本,分析了上市公司权益资本成本的影响因素。研究发现,流动性、公司成长性和公司治理这对权益资本成本的影响不显著,而β系数、账面市值比和信息不对称性对权益资本成本的影响显著,且都与其呈正相关性。盈余波动性与权益资本成本负相关,行业因素、公司规模、财务杠杆及管理层盈余预告的准确性与权益资本成本正相关。     

CAPM在上海证券市场的实证分析

从目前我国金融市场运行来看,即使在起步不长的中国证券投资活动中,这一模型的应用也成为有关学者热衷讨论的话题。本文用SPSS软件对上海证券市场的数据进行实证分析,一方面基于统计回归方法用资本资产定价模型选择适合的市场组合指数,另一方面以选取出来的市场组合指数为样本,采用单位根检验和随机游程两种方法,从不同的角度检验我国上海证券市场的有效性,结果表明我国上海证券市场已经达到了弱势有效。     

权益资本成本与企业过度投资关系的实证研究

文章利用我国上市公司数据,结合我国实施新的会计准则之前和之后的市场效率变化,验证企业的过度投资行为能否被投资者识别并通过市场反映出来.结果发现,在考虑了市场环境变化因素后,权益资本成本与过度投资呈显著的正相关关系.     

股权与债券融资的偏好分析

资本环境影响着一国的经济发展,我国股票市场近两年的发展暴露了很多我们资本市场的问题,解决这样的问题不仅是监管层的问题,更重要的是企业以及制度本身的问题,本文通过对股权融资与债券融资的分析与比较,认为融资成本和制度因素导致了股权融资偏好的特点,要拓展更广阔的融资渠道,促进企业股权融资偏好向债券融资偏好的转变进而改变企业的治理结构,从技术上就是降低债券融资成本,从宏观上就是建立完善资本市场。     

会计准则国际趋同、国有股权与股权资本成本——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

从股权资本成本的角度,将股权资本成本视作全体股东对公司期望回报的综合水平,剖析并检验了我国会计准则国际趋同的经济后果及其作用的内在机理。研究表明:会计准则国际趋同显著降低了股权资本成本;国有股权显著影响股权资本成本,不同性质股权对会计准则国际趋同的反应程度不同;在我国特殊的制度背景和市场环境下,国家股东具有私人信息优势和较低的风险厌恶程度,国有股权的预期回报低于其他股权,其因会计准则国际趋同而降低的股权资本成本低于其他股权。     

Foreign direct investment and financial markets influences: Results from the United States

This paper investigates the linkages among Foreign Direct Investment (FDI-greenfield and mergers and acquisitions (M&A)) decisions and equity market returns and volatilities. The central premise is that FDI decisions by Multinational Enterprises (MNE) are influenced, among other factors, by risk and uncertainty indicated by equity market returns and volatilities in the destination (host) countries. This is because of the events on the stock markets in general, and their volatilities, in particular, signal the vitality of the investment climate of the target country. Including capital market variables among the determinants of FDI is important for assessing the cost of capital and for evaluating direct investment and asset allocation decisions.Secondary time-series data (quarterly) were used on incoming US FDI from 1994 to 2018 along with data on independent variables such as exchange rates, inflation, market size, equity market returns, and equity market volatilities. Thus, the paper endeavors to contribute to the International Business literature by highlighting the role played of equity returns and volatilities in FDI decisions and therewith attempts to integrate finance (capital markets) with International Business/Strategic Decision making. Several different regression specifications (OLS, Fixed, and random-effects and VAR) were utilized to analyze the data, and capital market variables (stock returns and volatilities) were found to influence the location of production facilities by a multinational enterprise (MNE). In other words, the share of production capacity optimally located abroad, as well as M&A decisions, are influenced by capital market returns and volatilities.     

Sudden equity price declines and the flight-to-safety phenomenon: additional evidence using daily data

Using daily data we show sudden, extreme declines in the U.S. stock market for crash dates to lead to a capital preserving (as opposed to strategic or tactical) reallocation to government debt securities. In most cases we find flight-induced reallocation reverses direction within one day of a crash. However, for the 1987 world crash we find increased and persistent return volatility in both equity and bond returns lasting up to five days following this dramatic decline in world equity prices. Like previous research in this area, we find equity crashes alter long-run stock/bond return correlations and lead to increased stock and bond return volatility. Finally, we describe the somewhat unique stock and bond correlation adjustments triggered by the 9/11 attack and the impact this event had on the behavior of U.S. equity investors?? flight-to-safety reaction.     

企业技术创新能力对资本成本影响差异性的实证研究——基于不同生命周期视角

通过研究2013—2016年深市中小板上市公司发现，企业技术创新能力越强，权益和债务资本成本也就越低，同时技术创新能力对权益资本成本的影响程度要大于对债务资本成本的影响。进一步研究发现，不同生命周期的企业技术创新能力对权益和债务资本成本的影响有明显差异，处于成熟期的企业技术创新能力对权益资本成本影响更大，处于成长期的企业技术创新能力对债务资本成本影响更大。因此企业应注重提高技术创新能力，降低资本成本。同时股东和债权人应充分识别投资企业所处生命周期阶段，从而选取合理投资方案。     

管理者过度自信与权益资本成本——来自我国证券市场的经验证据

以深圳证券市场A股上市公司为样本,研究了管理者过度自信与权益资本成本之间的关系。研究发现,高管层过度自信的心理特征是通过影响企业的投资行为造成过度投资,进而影响到投资与融资现金流之间的敏感性,导致激进融资,使企业权益资本成本增加。     

Corporate carbon risk,voluntary disclosure,and cost of capital: South African evidence

The study examines the interplay among corporate carbon risk, voluntary disclosure, and cost of capital within the context of South Africa, a “rising power” in the climate policy debate. We develop a system of simultaneous equations models and analyze data drawn from firms traded on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE), for the period 2010 to 2015, using the three‐stage least squares procedure. We find that voluntary carbon disclosure is associated with lower overall (and equity) cost of capital, after controlling for corporate carbon risk. We also find that firms with higher carbon risk tend to provide better quality carbon disclosure and signal the possibility of high carbon risk to avoid negative market reactions resulting from concealing carbon information. Although the capital market does not appear to incorporate individual firm's carbon risk exposure into the required cost of capital, we find that it generally requires higher returns for companies operating in carbon‐intensive sectors. These findings suggest that firms could exploit the virtues of voluntary carbon disclosure to reduce their overall (and equity) cost of capital. Our findings also imply that regulators and policymakers could point to the cost of capital reducing role of voluntary disclosure to lure firms into voluntarily providing superior quality carbon disclosures.     

股票流动性对上市公司价值的影响研究

为了考察二级市场股票流动性对上市公司价值的影响,以2004~2009年间沪深两市A股股票分笔交易数据为样本,利用相对有效价差与托宾Q作为代理指标进行实证检验并加以分析。结果表明,股票二级市场流动性同上市公司价值之间具有显著的正相关关系。股票流动性提高,公司资本成本降低,经营业绩改善,上市公司价值提升。     

The Risk-Relevance of Accounting Data: Evidence from the Spanish Stock Market

This paper analyses the relevance of accounting fundamentals to inform about equity risk as measured by the cost of equity capital. Assuming the latter is a summary measure of how investors make decisions regarding the allocation of resources, the strength of the association between the cost of capital and the accounting‐based measures of risk indicates how important these measures are for market participants when making economic decisions. To infer the cost of equity capital, we use the O'Hanlon and Steele's method, which is based on the residual income valuation model. Moreover, we use the insights from this model to provide a theoretical underpinning for the choice of the accounting variables related to risk. The sample refers to the non‐financial firms listed in the Madrid Stock Exchange along the period 1987–2002. Our results support our initial expectations regarding the association between the cost of equity capital and the accounting‐based risk variables, thereby supporting the usefulness of fundamental analysis to determine the risk inherent in share's future payoffs. In particular, we highlight the role of investing risk, which has been ignored in previous research. Our results are also robust to measures of risk other than the cost of capital such as the variability in total returns and the firm's systematic risk (β).     

资本结构与代理成本关系研究评述

资本结构与代理成本之间的关系始终是研究者关注的焦点。本文认为,资本结构中权益资本和债务资本会引发不同的代理成本,其产生的根源在于管理者与股东以及债权人与权益投资者之间存在不同的利益格局。在第一类和第二类代理冲突中,债务均具有重要的地位,但债务在第二类代理冲突中的作用与第一类冲突中显著不同。当企业股权集中时,大股东掌握着企业的实际控制权,企业的主要代理问题成为控股大股东与中、小股东之间的代理问题,这会导致其资本结构的代理成本与第一类和第二类代理成本显著不同。