事后监督系统改造初探

事后监督对强化银行内部管理,健全监督机制,提高核算质量和工作效率,防范重大事故和经济案件的发生有着积极的意义。从 20世纪 80年代末起,工商银行首先对会计业务核算采用计算机进行事后监督,之后,储蓄、信用卡、国际业务等专业部门的核算也相继采用了计算机进行事后监督。采用计算机进行事后监督在工行系统已具有相当规模,但是,由于部门的分立和系统开发的困难,各种核算业务的事后监督系统仍滞后于前台业务的发展。 一、事后监督系统存在的问题 　　1.版本陈旧,缺少投入 　　今天,我国金融业竞争非常激烈,各商业银行越来越重…     

完善人民银行事后监督职能的有效途径

自人民银行地市中心支行相继成立事后监督中心以来，开始行使对会计核算业务的集中事后监督。这对于规范人行会计行为，提高央行内部管理水平，防范资金风险发挥了积极的作用。但事后监督体系建设作为一项改革的新事物，在监督管理模式的选择和创建初期的不完善是客观存在的。正确分析当前事后监督工作存在的问题及其原因，完善监督管理制度、创新监督方法、改进监督方式、充分发挥事后监督的职能作用，是事后监督工作面临的新的课题。     

事后监督工作初探

从近两年河北省金融业事后监督情况看,总行虽然出台了《事后监督中心工作规程》,但由于没有设立相应的司(局),对各地分支机构的事后监督工作缺乏必要的业务指导,加上各地情况差异较大,目前事后监督工作大多处于自我探索发展阶段。因此,正确认识事后监督工作,对指导事后监督中心开展业务,拓展工作思路,尽快步入正常运作轨道,切实履行职责具有非常重要的意义。     

商业银行事后监督工作的启示

一、商业银行事后监督模式的主要经验(一)在机构设置和管理上,大部分商业银行自上而下建立了较为完整的事后监督体系。目前商业银行事后监督机构大都实行垂直管理,有两种设置方式:一种是以工商银行为代表的独立监督形式,事后监督部门独立于前台核算部门,对全辖业务过程和结果进     

国库事后监督存在的问题及对策

2004年，各地市以上人民银行分支机构按照人行“三定”方案的要求，相继成立了事后监督中心。为明确事后监督中心的职责，总行又及时下发了《中国人民银行事后监督中心工作规程》（以下简称《规程》），对已成立了事后监督中心的人行分支机构，国库事后监督工作将移交事后监督中心办理。人行县（区）支行及代理国库业务的商业银行，其国库事后监督工作大部分仍维持原来的工作模式。[第一段]     

完善事后监督工作的思考

（一）提升人员素质.事后监督工作是一项专业性很强的工作,事后监督人员素质的高低对于事后监督的质量起着决定性的作用.目前,事后监督人员大多是从一线业务部门选拔出来从事基础工作的同志,大多习惯于机械性地操作、重复性地工作,久而久之,造成重复有余、创新不足的弊病.     

人民银行会计核算发展与事后监督转型探讨

随着人民银行会计核算改革步伐持续加快,会计核算模式及风险特征发生了重大变化,风险防控要求进一步提高,现行事后监督工作机制、监督模式和监督手段面临新的挑战,事后监督转型要求日益紧迫。本文分析了会计核算发展对事后监督的影响,并结合人民银行事后监督工作实践,探讨适应会计核算发展的事后监督转型途径。     

事后监督工作探讨

自2004年以来，人民银行将事后监督业务单列，在中心支行成立事后监督中心，专门负责对核算业务的监督。本文结合许昌市工商银行、建设银行的事后监督工作对照人民银行事后监督工作做一粗浅探讨，以期借鉴工商银行、建设银行的成功经验。     

中央银行会计核算方式发展与事后监督转型研究

近年来，中央银行会计核算改革步伐的加快，带来了会计风险特征的重大变化，其风险防控要求也进一步提高。现行事后监督工作机制、监督方式和手段等面临挑战，央行事后监督转型已成为十分紧迫的要求。本文深入分析了会计核算方式变化对事后监督工作的影响，结合当前事后监督面临的问题，从监督定位、监督方式和手段、人员培养等方面对事后监督转型提出对策建议，以期对央行事后监督工作有所借鉴。     

完善基层国库事后监督工作的对策

随着财政国库管理体制的改革,国库业务也不断发展创新,在这新的形势下,国库业务风险也不断加大,如何加强国库事后监督建设,完善国库事后监督机制,防范国库资金风险,是当前十分重要和紧迫的大事。笔者根据当前国库事后监督的状况和问题,提出完善基层国库事后监督的若干对策。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…