中国金融税制的问题分析与立法完善

健全的金融税制是促进中国金融业稳健发展的重要条件。所以,在我国金融市场进一步开放和经济全球化的新形势下,应当将金融税制的构建放在更加突出的地位,按照税收法定原则的要求,进一步完善立法程序,努力建立公平、科学和健全的现代金融税制。     

中国金融税制现状、税负测算及成因分析

伴随着我国改革开放的不断深化,金融业得以迅速发展,但同时面临着许多困难和挑战,其中金融税制已逐渐成为金融业纵深发展的重要瓶颈之一。本文在对我国金融税制现状分析的基础上,对金融税收负担进行了较为全面的测算,并深入分析了税负变化的不利因素,以寻找改革与完善我国金融税制的有效路径。     

中美并购重组税制立法原则比较

美国并购重组税制的立法原则包括资本利得与经营收益相区别原则、应税交易与免税交易相区别原则、持续经营原则和交易型评估与税务型评估相结合原则。我国的并购重组税制则是通过对企业所得税法规的补充逐步形成的,立法原则不鲜明。美国的立法经验值得我们学习和借鉴。     

构建和谐金融税制的思考

按我国现行的金融税制设计,内外资企业的税赋严重不公,金融业的税赋相对较重,这些问题成为制约我国金融业健康和谐发展的主要障碍。本文将在分析现行金融税制存在的主要问题的基础上,提出构建和谐金融税制的设想,以促进我国金融业健康、持续的发展。     

我国金融消费者权益保护立法相关问题研究

金融消费者权益保护机制缺失是本次金融危机暴露出的金融监管重大缺陷之一.目前,国际社会对金融消费者权益保护意识越来越强烈,相关立法和制度构建也在强化之中.我国应借鉴国际经验,立足我国国情,以界定金融消费者的基本定义及其基本权利为逻辑起点,明确立法思路和保护路径,努力构建适应我国金融改革与发展格局的金融消费者权益保护制度框架.     

我国金融税制的问题分析及改革对策

税收对于金融业发展的作用是相当重要的。随着经济和社会的发展和竞争环境的改变,中国金融业遇到了前所未有的竞争。中国金融税制存在的问题,尤其是与国际上通行的税制不接轨的矛盾日益突出,影响了中国金融业的发展。本文针对我国金融税制的现状及存在的问题进行分析,并对完善我国金融税制提出了一些对策建议。     

我国金融税制研究

我国现行的金融业税制存在着整体税负偏高、税收政策不统一、税制设计不合理等方面的问题。因此,必须调整和改革现行金融税收制度,推进我国金融业健康发展,进一步增强国际竞争实力。本文根据目前金融业税制中存在的问题,借鉴当今世界上一些发达国家的有益经验,提出了进一步改革完善金融业税收制度的建议。     

后金融危机下的金融交易税：争论、实践与借鉴

金融交易税的争论聚焦于其理论基础、税制安排及税收的分配与使用方面。金融危机后,金融交易税再次引起关注,各国或降低金融交易税税率以支持金融市场的发展,或在较低的税率下扩大金融交易税的征税范围以限制避税行为。随着我国金融市场的发展,金融交易税制安排需考虑到金融行业国际竞争力的提升,增强市场吸引资本的能力,同时也要考虑到金融产品创新对税收征管的挑战。我国金融税制的改进具体可从增值税在金融业的应用,扩大证券交易印花税的征税范围,及适当降低金融行业与金融交易的税收负担等方面入手。     

我国金融税制研究

我国现行的金融业税制存在着整体税负偏高、税收政策不统一、税制设计不合理等方面的问题.因此,必须调整和改革现行金融税收制度,推进我国金融业健康发展,进一步增强国际竞争实力.本文根据目前金融业税制中存在的问题,借鉴当今世界上一些发达国家的有益经验,提出了进一步改革完善金融业税收制度的建议.     

韩国金融税制及其启示

健全、完善的金融税制是促进金融业稳健发展的重要条件。本文从韩国金融税制的现状出发,按金融间接税、金融所得税和金融衍生品交易税的分类,介绍了韩国现行金融税制的设计和开征情况,分析比较了中、韩两国在金融税制上的异同,并结合实际情况对我国金融税制改革中的一些问题,如课税对象的选择、整体税负的设计等提出了建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…