商业银行对中小企业信贷融资风险的防范

一、信贷风险产生的理论和现实根源1.商业银行信贷风险的理论根源在于信息不对称所谓信息的不对称性是指市场上的一方掌握的信息比另一方多,双方各自掌握的信息是有差异的。在商业银行信贷活动中,银行和企业之间存在着典型的信息不对称性。企业对自身的状况有确切的了解,但为了获取更多的贷款,有时会隐瞒企业的真实情况,造成银行与企业间的信息不对称,甚至企业有时会出现道德不良,以虚假的信息提供给银行,谋取自身的利益,从而给银行造成损失。由信息不对称形成了“逆向选择”和“道德风险”。“逆向选择”是指信息不对称所造成市场资源配置…     

信息不对称对于消费者网上购买化妆品的影响及解决方案分析

在经济生活中,市场交易的信息具有不完全性和分布的不对称性,收集和处理信息是有成本的,因此消费者缺乏足够的能力得到所有产品的信息,导致了市场的逆向选择和道德风险。随着电子商务的发展,化妆品网络经销应运而生。但是,不规范的经营销售促使了化妆品市场的良莠不齐,信息不对称对于消费者权益造成了损害,同时拉低了市场效率,不利于市场的发展。     

政府与市场合作治理的逆向物流机制

逆向物流的合作治理是企业、市场以及政府相互协调一致的过程。在政府和市场单一调节都不能很好的发挥作用的前提下，合作治理是有效的选择。逆向物流构建的基本条件及运行则要综合政府、市场以及企业三方的选择和其他各个方面的应对措施，要在企业实施的基础上，充分发挥政府和市场的干预和调节作用，合理有效的实施逆向物流，以推动循环经济的发展。     

我国医药市场信息不对称问题研究

随着医疗卫生体制改革的进行、医学模式的改变和人们文化水平的提高,我国医药市场环境也得到很大改善。然而,医药市场中信息不对称问题依然存在,并阻碍着医药市场的发展。从逆向选择防范机制、激励机制和医药市场相关制度等方面来讨论医药信息不对称问题,对降低医药市场信息不对称性提出建议。     

美国次贷危机的信息不对称研究

本文将从信息不对称理论的角度理解2007年发生的美国次贷危机,通过对美国住房抵押贷款市场中四类信息不对称的分析,明确了金融市场中信息的不完全性与不对称性的客观存在,突显了逆向选择和道德风险所导致的市场失灵和扭曲,并对中国的金融监管指明了方向。     

中小物流企业品牌建设问题研究

当今的国际竞争已演变为激烈的品牌竞争,品牌已成为物流企业获取差异化竞争优势的重要手段和有效途径。从2010年到2016年是国内物流行业的整合转型期,中小物流企业面临着市场优胜劣汰的极大挑战。本文以民营快递企业为例进行探讨,指出认为品牌竞争时代应以品牌建设为突破,通过精准的品牌定位、有效的品牌推广、高素质品牌专业人才的培养和品牌整合等手段,增强国内民营快递物流企业的品牌竞争能力,进一步提升服务能力,实现民营快递中小物流企业的健康持续发展。     

基于信息不对称的购物网站与第三方物流的信号博弈分析

在物流外包市场中,购物网站与第三方物流合作时的信息不对称现象会导致逆向选择和道德风险,阻碍了网购市场的高速发展。本文采用信号传递博弈模型对物流外包过程中快递物流信息传递的真实性进行了分析,指出了信息不对称产生的根源,并为实现分离战略提出了对策。     

建筑工程招标市场逆向选择问题分析

在最低价格密封报价招标的Mcafee模型基础上，进一步考虑了施工质量和施工技术因素，采用不完全信息博弈理论分析了我国建筑工程招标市场上存在的“逆向选择”现象。研究结果显示，由于从业主角度来看中标企业的施工质量是不完全信息，因此以过低价格中标的施工企业必然产生施工质量低劣的道德风险问题，这样的反复博弈就会在整个建筑市场造成“逆向选择”。     

中国特色下的逆向选择及信贷配给

一、理论中的逆向选择和信贷配给 （一）信贷市场的逆向选择 信贷市场逆向选择来自于银行事先不完全知道借款企业的信用状况、还贷能力以及经营管理水平,从而使利率和贷款准入条件不能达到信息对称情况下的最优水平。那些效益较差的、对银行贷款依赖性较大的企业最急于获得贷款,     

非对称信息──企业创名牌产品的障碍

在商品市场上，买卖双方掌握的产品信息不对等造成非对称信息。严重会导致逆向选择现象的发生，即优质产品被劣质产品逐出市场。造成非对称信息问题主要涉及到企业、信息传递渠道、公众、竞争者和消费者。只有解决非对称信息问题，才能为企业创名牌产品扫清障碍。     

Brand competitiveness antecedents: The interaction effects of marketing and R&D expenditure

This study aims to investigate the interaction effects of marketing and R&D expenditure on brand competitiveness based on performance indicators. While many studies have investigated the individual effects of marketing expenditure and R&D expenditure on a company's brand value, competitive advantage, and performance, there has been limited research on the interaction effect of these two indicators on brand competitiveness. Longitudinal data were collected from 145 companies over seven years, including 1015 observations. The companies were selected using the systematic removal method from 485 companies on the Tehran stock exchange market. We used a generalised method of moments (GMM) to analyse the data. Findings demonstrate that marketing, when considered independently, had a significant effect on brand competitiveness (as reflected in market share) in the long run, while R&D demonstrated a marginally significant effect. In addition, this study revealed that the interaction effect between marketing expenditure and R&D expenditure on brand competitiveness was marginally significant. These results demonstrate that companies need to invest in marketing activities to leverage the benefits of R&D in order to improve their brand competitiveness. As most companies often face budget constraints, maintaining investments in marketing and R&D is recommended to ensure sustained competitiveness in the long term.     

基于苹果公司的服务品牌与消费体验关系研究

本文以苹果公司产品和服务为调查对象,对苹果公司服务品牌建设进行分析,从消费体验入手进行多维度着手,构建一个消费体验与服务品牌建设关系的理论分析框架。将服务品牌分为外在展示和内涵感知,对消费体验进行分析,并通过问卷调查的形式对苹果公司产品用户进行调研和数据研究,引入实证分析的模式对框架进行分析。通过实证发现:服务品牌的外在展示对思考体验没有正向影响,内涵感知对感官体验没有正向影响。     

跨境电商消费者参与价值共创对品牌偏好的影响

跨境电商是全新的贸易和销售方式，直接面对世界各地不同背景和多元化的的消费者。这些消费者具有个性化的消费需求与独特的创造愿望，能够为企业提供丰富的创意资源。通过价值共创提升消费者的品牌偏好成为了跨境电商领域的热点问题。文章从产品设计与产品营销两个阶段、创意共创与创意选择两大体系，建立了跨境电商消费者参与价值共创的四种类型对品牌偏好的影响模型，并展开实证研究。研究结果表明，创意选择体系主要影响品牌识别，创意共创体系主要影响品牌形象，品牌认知和品牌形象都有助于提升消费者对品牌的偏好。     

Exploring hotel brand attachment: The mediating role of sentimental value

Brand attachment is at the core of building strong consumer brand relationships, which has important strategic significance for hotel enterprises and brands in acquiring a sustainable competitive advantage. Currently, neither the mechanisms underlying brand attachment nor the factors influencing hotel brand attachment are clearly understood. Functional, symbolic, and hedonic needs influence brand selection. This paper analyzed the effect of these three factors on consumers’ perceived value and brand attachment. The mediating effects of customer sentimental value were also evaluated. This study expands our understanding of what determines brand attachment by showing that sentimental value mediates the relationships between functional value, symbolic value, hedonic value, and brand attachment. It also has managerial implications for the hotel industry.     

如何使广告在建立品牌和市场营销中发挥最佳效果

中国企业已经在有意识的树立品牌和进行市场营销,但是如何使广告在建立品牌和市场营销中发挥最佳效果?中国企业在此问题上存在误区。为此,企业在制定广告策略时应该合理分配广告预算,坚持广告宣传的持久定力和采用多媒体的广告宣传方案,以此来达到最好的广告投入性价比。     

Bridging the online offline gap: Assessing the impact of brands’ social network content quality on brand awareness and purchase intention

Social media is shaping the way companies and brands engage and interact with consumers, particularly Millennials. In light of this growing trend, this study aims to understand the influence of content quality and brand interactivity within social media on consumers' brand awareness and purchase intentions by proposing an empirical model which is tested using structural equation modeling. The study also explores whether the relation between social media stimuli and offline purchase intention is mediated by hedonic motivation, consumer engagement and brand awareness. Results reveal that the quality of content provided by brands on social media and company-users' interactivity are of major importance to Millennials. They increase the hedonic motive derived by these users from social media, strengthen their online engagement and intensify their brand awareness. This heightened online consumer engagement coupled with an increased online consumer brand awareness leads to an increase in the purchase intention of these brands offline. Consequently, companies are encouraged to invest in producing high-quality content on their social media pages, deploy all possible strategies to enhance brand users’ interactivity given the important role these variables play in entertaining, engaging users online, building brand awareness and influencing their offline purchase intentions.     

我国公司交叉上市行为研究

公司基于诸如融资需求、提高公司治理和管理水平、提升公司国际知名度和品牌价值等多种因素的考虑,纷纷进入国际或国内资本市场。而各大主要证券交易所出于自身利益的考虑,不断吸引优质潜在上市公司到海外上市,从而推动国内公司交叉上市。深入分析国内公司交叉上市的动因及现状,对我国潜在的交叉上市公司吸取历史经验和教训、进而提升这些企业的价值具有非常重要的现实意义。     

Antecedents of Green Brand Equity: An Integrated Approach

A steady demand for green products from concerned consumers has led companies to introduce new product lines that match or exceed consumer environmental concerns. Nonetheless, not all the organizations were able to achieve significant returns on their investments in green products. These failures are generally attributed towards companies’ inability to overcome consumer scepticism towards the performance of functional and green attributes of their brands to generate a positive green image and green value in consumers mind. Therefore, the question arises that does the success in promoting green brand image and value depend on consumer existing perceptions about the brand quality and credibility? This study analyzes the influence of brand perceive quality and credibility on consumer perceptions towards a brand green image, green value and green equity. A theoretical model with hypothesized relationships is developed and tested to answer these research questions. Data have been collected from the consumers of electrical and electronic goods. The hypothesized relationships were tested with the help of structural equation modeling procedure. The results suggest that brand perceived quality and its overall credibility does have a significant influence on generating a greener image, green perceive value and green brand equity.     

品牌延伸策略存在的问题及其对策

随着我国市场经济的发展和名牌战略的实施,人们对品牌的认识和接受程度越来越深,企业也在努力做足品牌,使之能发挥最大效益,于是就进行品牌延伸,然而,很多企业也正是在做品牌延伸上出了很多问题,本文就这个问题展开了一些探讨。