Promoting nursing as a career choice

Fewer young people are considering nursing as a career. This project was designed to present nursing as a viable career option to middle school students. A questionnaire was administered to six classes of middle school students before and after a presentation on nursing as a career. Results showed the presentation improved student attitudes and perceptions toward nursing as a career. Nurses can use this project as a stepping stone to develop additional programs to interest students in nursing as a career before the students discard the notion altogether.     

Funding an accelerated baccalaureate nursing track for non-nursing college graduates: an academic/practice collaboration

To expand nursing programs to better meet workforce demands, nursing education must offer nontraditional students more educational opportunities that are flexible, streamlined, and low cost. Accelerated programs, particularly programs tailored to attract individuals with degrees in other fields and looking for career changes, are great examples. The cost factors related to a successful accelerated degree program designed for non-nursing college graduates are described. Based on the experiences with a previously implemented accelerated BSN program offered from 1987-1994 at one university, a revised accelerated option model was developed that included ongoing involvement with four community hospitals, shared budget responsibilities, student stipends, and a 3-year work commitment by graduates at a sponsoring hospital. The investment of approximately $1.6 million over 7 years resulted in the education and graduation of 75 new registered nursing professionals to meet the health care needs of the citizens of the community.     

Nurturing nursing's future through nurse executive partnerships

At a time when nurses are becoming an endangered species, nurse executives have a unique opportunity to respond by forging new and responsive relationships with graduate students who express interest in nursing administration and leadership as a preferred career choice. In this article, a case example demonstrates how a senior faculty member and a graduate student formed a partnership, conducted research, and nurtured an appreciation of the nurse educator role. Using this experience, senior nurse executives can too form partnerships with graduate students as a way to recruit into nursing leadership roles.     

无边界职业生涯视角下高校创业教育对员工创造力的滞后影响——一个双重中介模型

创业作为经济增长和社会进步的新引擎已经成为国际共识，各国政府高度重视高校学生创业教育。创业教育以培养创业精神为核心，除能提升大学生创业率外，还能塑造大学生的职业观念，满足其成为创新型人才的素质要求。以接受过高校创业教育并已就职的90后新生代员工为研究对象，探讨高校创业教育如何影响员工无边界职业生涯态度和工作场所创造力。基于266份有效数据的实证研究表明，在高校所接受的创业教育能够显著提升员工工作场所创造力，无边界职业生涯态度的两个维度无边界心智模式和组织移动偏好在两者间均起中介作用，且无边界心智模式的中介作用显著大于组织移动偏好。研究结论进一步验证了高校创业教育的滞后效应，可为高校创业教育提供有益的启示。     

大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价研究

大学毕业生能否实现顺利就业并达到职业满意,是中国高等教育发展过程中面临的一个重要课题.而大学生职业成熟度的高低直接影响着大学生未来的职业选择和职业成功,因此本文在国内外职业成熟度文献研究的基础上,从择业价值观、职业目标、职业信息、职业自信、自我认知、择业依赖6个维度构建大学生职业成熟度综合评价体系,并运用模糊数学理论和基于主成分的熵权值赋权方法,建立大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价模型和职业成熟度计算方法,本文通过应用实例验证了大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价结果的可行性和实用性,从而得出了具有借鉴和指导意义的结论.     

论网络环境下大学生职业生涯辅导体系构建及实施

在现代社会中,网络的发展为大学生的就业提供了更多的平台,有利于用人单位、学校、学生之间更好地交流,给大学生职业生涯辅导提供了新途径,暴露了当前职业生涯辅导存在的问题。因此,在网络环境下构建大学生职业生涯辅导体系,将有利于加强职业生涯辅导,提高职业生涯辅导的效果,发挥其在就业中的积极作用,体现职业生涯辅导在高校思想政治教育中的价值。     

代际间的职业流动与收入流动——来自中国城乡家庭的经验研究

本文通过对中国城乡家庭代际间的职业流动与收入流动进行实证研究,得出以下结论:(1)城镇家庭子女的职业随其职业生涯的发展有向父辈职业"回归"的趋势,而农村家庭中父代从事非农职业有助于子女实现职业的向上流动。(2)子女受教育程度的提高有利于代际间职业的向上流动,但其父辈的社会经济特征也对代际间的职业传承和流动有显著的影响。(3)代际之间职业的传承在一定程度上阻碍了代际间的收入流动,代际职业传承对高收入家庭的代际收入弹性影响更强。     

高专学前专业学生幼儿语言表演艺术的指导层次简析

幼儿语言表演艺术是培养幼儿综合素质的艺术形式,它对幼儿有素质培养和艺术造就两个层面的教育意义。特别是对其语言能力和心理素质的提升有着不可估量的作用。为此,指导幼儿进行语言表演是对高专学前教育专业学生专业能力的严峻考验。以培养高专学前教育专业学生及当前幼儿教师的幼儿语言表演指导能力为目的,以提升幼儿综合素质为宗旨,从幼儿园教学实际和幼儿语言发展特点出发,分析、说明、总结指导幼儿语言表演的整体层次与方向。     

District-wide school reform and student performance: Evidence from Montgomery County,Maryland

In the early 2000s, the Montgomery County (Maryland) Public School system implemented district-wide changes to funding, curriculum, staffing, and technology. Using data from 1995 to 2014, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy to show that the reforms significantly increased the percentage of students in Montgomery County who scored advanced on third- and fifth-grade math and reading tests. Using an event study strategy, we find that the positive impacts extended through the end of the panel. Our results contribute to the literature on school reform by finding positive impacts of school reform in a district that was high performing prior to reforms.     

The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation

This paper analyzes the impact of a leading entrepreneurship education program on college students’ entrepreneurship skills and motivation using an instrumental variables approach in a difference-in-differences framework. We exploit that the program was offered to students at one location of a school but not at another location of the same school. Location choice (and thereby treatment) is instrumented by the relative distance of locations to parents’ place of residence. The results show that the program does not have the intended effects: the effect on students’ self-assessed entrepreneurial skills is insignificant and the effect on the intention to become an entrepreneur is even negative.     

大学生职业生涯规划评价体系探索

大学生职业生涯规划教育已在高校深入开展,但考核评价体系还很不完善。职业规划教育的实效性与可行性需要通过评价体系来审核。探索合理的评价体系,对增强大学生的学习动力、对大学生职业生涯规划的有效推进有着重要的意义。     

How Would One Extra Year of High School Affect Academic Performance in University? Evidence from an Educational Policy Change

This paper uses a unique policy change in Ontario, Canada, to provide direct evidence on how reducing the length of high school would impact student performance in university. After a five‐year educational program was eliminated from Ontario high schools and replaced with a four‐year program, two graduating cohorts with different amounts of high school education simultaneously entered university. The results demonstrate that students who receive one less year of high school education perform significantly worse than their counterparts in all subjects, even after the age difference between the cohorts is accounted for.     

体育教学与学生非智力因素的培养

非智力心理因素是促进学生成才的必要条件,探讨了体育教学中学生非智力因素的培养,提出树立现代体育教学观念,培养学生的终身体育意识;寓趣于教,科学选择教学内容和方法,激发学生的学习动机与兴趣,提高求知欲;营造和谐、热烈的课堂气氛、促进情感交流,提高学习的积极性和效果;积极引导、创设情境,发展学生的意志品质;组织好竞赛活动,培养学生敢于竞争、善于竞争能力;发挥主观能动作用,培养学生的自我意识和独立性;充分了解学生的性格特征,因材施教;加强思想教育,培养学生形成良好的个性心理品质等培养学生非智力因素的途径。     

Can information and counseling help students from poor rural areas go to high school? Evidence from China

Recent studies have shown that only about two-thirds of the students from poor, rural areas in China finish junior high school and enter high school. One factor that may be behind the low rates of high school attendance is that students may be misinformed about the returns to schooling or lack career planning skills. We therefore conduct a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a sample of 131 junior high schools and more than 12,000 students to test the effects of providing information on returns or career planning skills on student dropout, academic achievement and plans to go to high school. Contrary to previous studies, we find that information does not have significant effects on student outcomes. Unlike information, counseling does have an effect. However, the effect is somewhat surprising. Our findings suggest that counseling increases dropouts and seems to lower academic achievement. In our analysis of the causal chain, we conclude that financial constraints and the poor quality of education in junior high schools in poor, rural areas (the venue of the study) may be contributing to the absence of positive impacts on student outcomes from information and counseling. The negative effects of counseling on dropout may also be due to the high and growing wages for unskilled labor (high opportunity costs) in China’s transitioning economy. It is possible that when our counseling curriculum informed the students about the reality of how difficult were the requirements for entering academic high school, it may have induced them to revise their benefit-cost calculations and come to the realization that they are better off dropping out and/or working less hard in school.     

The wage effects of subsidized career breaks

This article studies how subsidized career breaks affect future labor market performance. The analysis uses a Swedish career break program where applications were accepted until local funds were exhausted. The rejected applicants serve as counterfactuals to derive estimates that are unaffected by selection or omitted variables. The estimated wage effect of a 10-month-long break is negative and in the order of 3 % 1–2 years after the interruption. The average applicant is estimated to have substantially lower returns to experience than the average worker. The results thus show that career breaks are costly, even for groups with low expected returns to experience, and in an environment with very compressed wages. The career breaks also induced an increase in job and task mobility whereas post-leave labor supply remained unaffected except for workers close to retirement.     

Expected Life-earnings Paths with and without Higher Education: The case of India

The paper analyses students' expectations of earnings with and without higher education at three career points: at entry to the labour force, at the five year point, and career peak, constructing paths of expected earnings. The estimated expected internal rates of return to investment in different types of higher education are quite high. Considering ratios of expected peak-year to entry earnings, the highest gradient is in the case of specialised/professional education. Similarly for the case of students of urban origin as compared with those of semi-urban or rural origin. Likewise, the gradient is relatively high in the case of students with an English medium of study compared with the case of students with Punjabi or Hindi. As expected, the gradient is higher for those who aspire to higher education than those who do not, in all three types of higher education. The association between expected peak earnings and the proportion of gains in earnings that take place in the first five years is negative in all cases; only expectations of sustained growth in earnings lead to the highest predicted peak earnings levels. The regression results suggest that socio-economic background, social capital, ability, and school-related variables significantly influence the formation of expectations about earnings.     

新形势下中职生职业生涯规划课程教学改革探索

职业生涯规划课程在中职教育中起着重要作用,但我国当前此课程教育存在着一定问题,因此,中职生职业生涯规划课程改革势在必行。     

A Model of Economics Learning in the High Schools

The effectiveness of the Developmental Economic Education Project (DEEP) of the Joint Council of Economic Education (JCEE) and the International Paper Company Foundation (IPCF) awards program for teaching economics is evaluated in this article. The effects these programs have on achievement in economics (ACH), attitudes towards economics as a subject (ATE), and economic attitude sophistication (EAS) are observed. The authors' study shows that DEEP schools had a positive effect on students in these three areas. The results of the IPCF program are less encouraging with students actually showing less economic understanding as a consequence of being taught by an award winning teacher.     

Career, experience and returns to human capital: is the dual labour market hypothesis relevant for the UK?

This paper investigates the relationship between career status, labour market experience and returns to human capital accumulation in the context of a two-tier, career and non-career labour market. Using micro data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), this study detects wage and employment mechanisms that differ between these two tiers of workers. The paper finds no support for the hypothesis of strict duality, by which the returns to education are expected to differ across labour market segments, with the returns in career employment being high and positive and the returns in the non-career sector being close to zero. The paper, however, finds support for significant returns to current tenure only in the career sector and also for the scarring hypothesis, according to which part-time employment and unemployment experience have a negative effect on participation and earnings in the career sector. Finally, there is evidence that only non-career earnings are significantly affected by local demand conditions, in contrast to earnings in the career sector. Career status is modelled as an endogenous variable subject to an initial job choice.     

精神性因素对研发人员创新行为的影响——伦理情境的调节效应

以组织创新成分理论、精神型领导理论和领导情景理论为依据,探讨精神型领导和职业召唤感等精神性因素对研发人员创新行为的动力作用以及儒家工作伦理的调节效应。通过企业调研获得268套领导-员工的有效配套问卷数据,统计分析表明:(1)精神型领导对研发人员的职业召唤感和创新行为具有显著正向影响;(2)研发人员的职业召唤感对其创新行为具有显著正向影响,并在精神型领导和研发人员创新行为之间具有部分中介作用;(3)儒家工作伦理调节了精神型领导对研发人员创新行为的正向影响,儒家工作伦理越明显,精神型领导对研发人员创新行为的正向影响也越强;(4)儒家工作伦理还调节了职业召唤感在精神型领导和研发人员创新行为之间的中介效应,儒家工作伦理较高时,精神型领导通过研发人员职业召唤感的中介进而对其创新行为的间接影响也随之增强,反之则减弱。研究结论拓展了基于精神性视角的创新行为动力机制及其边界条件研究。为管理者实践精神型领导、培育研发人员职业召唤感和加强研发工作伦理建设,从而有效激发研发人员的创新行为提供了理论借鉴和管理启示。