企业对偶吸收能力对产业网络合作模式影响研究

在知识经济时代,产业网络合作成为企业重要的战略选择。吸收能力是合作效率最关键的因素,也是研究产业网络合作发展趋势的重要切入点。目前对吸收能力的研究仅注重在单一企业的研究,忽视企业间关系而使其难以对合作效率进行深入认识。本文以企业间协作关系为基础,通过分析对偶吸收能力对合作对象、程度和方式的影响,将网络信任体系、企业合作意愿、企业间能力间匹配性三个维度引入企业间合作效率的研究,建立了基于对偶吸收能力的企业间合作模式。阐明对偶吸收能力对合作效率起着关键作用,揭示网络高效率合作内在机理。     

社会网络与企业研发溢出吸收能力 ——基于随机前沿模型的实证研究

本文以2008—2019年上市公司为样本,分析了企业社会网络对研发溢出吸收能力的影响.研究发现:社会网络对于企业研发溢出吸收能力具有显著的促进作用,并且这种促进作用在董事长和总经理的社会网络都有体现;高管持股数量和区域市场化水平是社会网络作用企业研发溢出吸收能力的内外部重要渠道,当高管持股数量越多,市场化水平越高,社会网络对企业研发溢出吸收能力的促进作用越强;当董事长和总经理是同一个人或者企业并非属于高科技行业时,社会网络对于研发溢出吸收能力的促进作用更强.     

信息技术对城市基础设施管理绩效和可持续发展能力影响的内在机理研究

本文在回顾现有研究文献的基础上,对信息技术应用对城市基础设施管理绩效影响的内在机理展开了深入分析,主要从两个视角四条基本路径展开,一是从信息不对称改进视角通过员工激励及控制权配置两务路径影响组织绩效;二是从信息获取与分析缺失的改进视角通过流程再造及组织学习两条路径影响组织可持续发展能力.研究结果表明,信息技术应用能够从上述四个方面显著提升城市基础设施管理绩效.     

团队社会网络研究述评与展望

团队社会网络已成为国外组织行为学研究领域的重要新兴议题,国内相关研究却十分匮乏.通过相关文献梳理,本文从整体网和个体网两个视角对团队社会网络的测量进行了概述;并对国外学者就团队社会网络的影响因素及作用效应开展的相关研究进行了梳理与整合.在此基础上,探讨了现有团队社会网络研究存在的不足,指出了团队社会网络领域的未来研究方向.     

吸收能力演化特征视角下企业创新绩效提升路径 ——基于长江润发的纵向案例

在知识经济时代,企业对外部知识的获取、转化和应用显得格外重要.企业只有充分利用知识资源才能在复杂的商业环境中始终保持竞争优势,通过企业的吸收能力完成对知识资源的开发和运用,是影响企业创新绩效的决定性因素.基于此,文章从吸收能力的探索性学习、转化性学习和开发性学习三个过程出发,采用单案例纵向研究方法分析上述过程对创新绩效的影响机理.研究发现,吸收能力在演化过程中形成的各项能力是提升创新绩效的有效路径,这不仅丰富了吸收能力与创新绩效关系的研究,也为后发企业在吸收能力的不同演化阶段如何提升创新绩效提供了适宜的实现路径.     

基于网络关系视角下的国际创业研究

近年来,从网络关系视角研究国际创业受到越来越多学者的关注.网络关系视角认为,国际创业活动嵌于企业家或企业家所构建的网络关系中,网络关系是企业家进行国际创业的一项重要资源.本研究总结归纳了国际创业和网络关系理论研究的主要成果;其次基于文献回顾,探讨了网络关系视角下国际创业的研究成果,最后进行总结.     

结构洞、强联系与企业技术能力关系研究

开放经济背景下,积极融入组织内外的创新网络,加强创新活动的内外向合作,被学者们视为企业提升技术能力的重要战略选择。创新网络如何影响企业的技术能力成为企业战略管理领域重要的研究主题。创新网络内的"结构洞"以及联系强度是影响企业提升技术能力的重要因素。本文通过构建结构洞、强联系与企业技术能力关系的概念模型,实证检验了"结构洞"对企业技术能力的影响效应及其内部作用机制。研究发现,"结构洞"对企业技术能力具有正向的促进作用,并通过强联系作用于企业的技术吸收能力和技术创新能力。     

网络效应对数字经济企业创新绩效的影响研究

选取2010—2019年数字经济上市企业为样本,以理论与实证研究相结合的方法探究数字经济背景下社会网络、知识网络对创新绩效的影响,并分析融资约束的中介效应.研究发现,数字经济上市企业的社会网络与知识网络双重嵌入对创新绩效发展具有促进作用.其作用机制表现为:社会网络嵌入缓解数字经济企业融资约束,从而推动创新绩效发展.而融资约束在知识网络嵌入与创新绩效关系中没有发挥显著中介效应.文章创新之处在于从交互赋能视角研究数字经济背景下网络嵌入对企业创新绩效的影响,对以往单一网络嵌入的相关研究进行丰富和补充.企业应充分利用社会网络和知识网络的交互赋能机制,缓解融资约束,不断提升资源获取能力,提升团队的知识敏感度和知识迁移能力,提升数字经济企业创新绩效.     

网络能力对企业绩效影响的实证研究

通过问卷调查利用191家企业的资料,以网络位置和吸收能力为中间变量,实证分析了网络能力对企业绩效的影响。结果显示:企业网络能力对网络位置、吸收能力具有正向作用;企业网络位置、吸收能力对企业绩效具有正向作用;而吸收能力对网络位置的作用未能通过验证。     

软件外包企业网络能力对企业绩效影响研究

通过对网络能力研究,能够指导企业了解自身所处的外部网络组织的状态,发现企业自身在网络能力方面的优劣势,以便充分利用网络组织中的资源,提升企业的竞争力和绩效。本文首次将网络能力的概念引入软件外包研究领域,从企业内部能力出发探讨外部网络资源的获取和利用,为软件外包企业绩效研究提供了新的切入点。同时,本文通过实证研究的方式,借助网络位置和吸收能力的概念,分别验证了二者的中介作用和调节作用,有助于更好地了解网络能力对企业绩效的作用机制,为软件外包企业提升企业绩效提供参考。     

Validation of an instrument to measure absorptive capacity

Absorptive capacity is an ability firms should develop if they wish to adapt to changes in an increasingly competitive and changing environment and to achieve and sustain competitive advantage. Despite the increase in literature on absorptive capacity, some ambiguity remains in determining the dimensions that shape the construct. Thus, no measurement instrument can be adapted to these dimensions. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on absorptive capacity by using a resource-based view to present an alternative measurement instrument for absorptive capacity. This instrument differentiates between the phases of acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation of knowledge, as well as between the two dimensions of absorptive capacity (potential and realized), to reduce the problem of measuring and identifying the dimensions that shape this important construct. The instrument’s validity and reliability are guaranteed and have been tested using data from 168 Spanish organizations.     

Absorptive capacity and the identification of opportunities in new technology-based firms

The purpose of this work is to investigate relationships between knowledge and opportunities in new ventures. More specifically, this work proposes and empirically tests how potential absorptive capacity is related with the identification of opportunities in new technology-based firms (NTBFs). To take into account the unique nature of NTBFs we divide potential absorptive capacity into problem absorptive capacity, i.e. the ability to identify and acquire knowledge of the goals, aspirations and needs of current and potential customers, and solution absorptive capacity, i.e. the ability to identify and acquire external knowledge of solutions to fulfill them. We develop three hypotheses, which predict that both problem absorptive capacity and solution absorptive capacity will be positively related with the identification of opportunities in NTBFs and that they will reinforce each other. The findings support the importance of making a distinction between the two proposed dimensions of potential absorptive capacity and shed light on their effectiveness and interaction for the identification of opportunities.     

Preparing for distant collaboration: Antecedents to potential absorptive capacity in cross-industry innovation

Cross-industry innovation entails distinctive innovation opportunities and challenges according to the knowledge heterogeneity between the collaborating firms. This heterogeneity yields increases in organizational-level cognitive distance. Whereas recent theory suggests cognitive distance is positively related to exploratory innovation, too much distance can hinder efficient knowledge absorption and results in a reduced effect on novelty value. This paper focuses on the research question of how to build potential absorptive capacity for distant collaboration beyond established industry boundaries to gain radical rather than incremental results. To address this question, we mapped a cross-industry network using survey data on 215 bilateral cross-industry collaborations between firms from a variety of industries and captured cognitive proximity (the inverse of distance) in terms of overall knowledge redundancy between firms. This approach introduces a new method to infer organizational-level cognitive distance from network analysis. Subsequently, based on results from the network analysis, we examined coordination antecedents to potential absorptive capacity for cross-industry innovation with partners at moderate and high distance applying case study analysis. Our study revealed three alternative approaches to coordination antecedents that drive a firm?s potential absorptive capacity for distant collaboration. These findings extend research on absorptive capacity to the field of cross-industry innovation.     

Absorptive Capacity,Research Output Sharing,and Research Output Capture in University-Industry Partnerships

At present, we have a very limited understanding of how the differences in partner absorptive capacity affect the distribution of innovative outcomes obtained in research-intensive collaborative projects. The current paper addresses this shortcoming by examining how firms and universities maintain the balance between the research output sharing and research output capture modes in their research partnerships. Through introducing a concept of the absorptive capacity gap, this study highlights the role of the relative/comparative dimensions of partner absorptive capacity in establishing the balance between relinquishing and taking control of the marketable innovative results achieved in university-industry collaborative projects. It offers a conceptual framework describing the joint impact of relative absorptive capacity and the absorptive capacity gap on the research output sharing/capture balance in university-industry collaboration. It also explores the potential shifts in this balance stemming from the influence of relationship-specific factors, such as mutual trust, positive prior ties, cognitive proximity, and cultural compatibility between the firms and universities. It concludes with theoretical and practical implications of the proposed framework for enhancing the knowledge-creating potential in university-industry collaboration.     

The moderating role of entrepreneurial management in the relationship between absorptive capacity and corporate entrepreneurship: an attention-based view

Despite a growing interest in corporate entrepreneurship, we know little of how managers can better utilise their firm’s absorptive capacity to increase levels of corporate entrepreneurship. Building on the attention-based view, we investigate entrepreneurial management as an attentional driver to channel absorptive capacity towards corporate entrepreneurship. From the analysis of a sample of 298 supplier companies providing products and services to the mining industries in Australia and Iran, we observed that absorptive capacity fosters corporate entrepreneurship. Our findings also demonstrate that the dimensions of entrepreneurial management differentially affect the relationship between absorptive capacity and corporate entrepreneurship. The results show that a firm’s absorptive capacity in tandem with other organisational factors may generate higher levels of corporate entrepreneurship.     

Building absorptive capacity to organise inbound open innovation in traditional industries

The discussion on open innovation suggests that the ability to absorb external knowledge has become a major driver for competition. For R&D intensive large firms, the concept of open innovation in relation to absorptive capacity is relatively well understood. Little attention has; however, been paid to how both small firms and firms, which operate in traditional sectors, engage in open innovation activities. The latter two categories of firms often dispose of no, or at most a relatively low level of, absorptive capacity. Open innovation has two faces. In the case of inbound open innovation, companies screen their environment to search for technology and knowledge and do not exclusively rely on in-house R&D. A key pre-condition is that firms dispose of “absorptive capacity” to internalise external knowledge. SMEs and firms in traditional industries might need assistance in building absorptive capacity. This paper focuses on the role of collective research centres in building absorptive capacity at the inter-organisational level. In order to do so, primary data was collected through interviews with CEOs of these technology intermediaries and their member firms and analysed in combination with secondary data. The technology intermediaries discussed are created to help firms to take advantage of technological developments. The paper demonstrates that the openness of the innovation process forces firms lacking absorptive capacity to search for alternative ways to engage in inbound open innovation. The paper highlights the multiple activities of which absorptive capacity in intermediaries is made up; defines the concept of absorptive capacity as a pre-condition to open innovation; and demonstrates how firms lacking absorptive capacity collectively cope with distributed knowledge and innovation.     

Corporate culture,absorptive capacity and IT success

This study examines absorptive capacity’s role in IT implementation success. Absorptive capacity is the organization’s ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it, and apply it to commercial ends [Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(March), 128–152]. Based on previous research, this study proposes a measure of absorptive capacity that includes managerial IT knowledge and communication channels and tests its relationship to the application of new technology in the form of expert systems implementation.Related to claims about the importance of absorptive capacity are claims that a “learning culture” or “knowledge-friendly culture” is necessary in order for knowledge to be gained and effectively used within the organization. This study examines the type of corporate culture that influences absorptive capacity. The results provide support for absorptive capacity’s proposed dimensions and its antecedent of corporate culture that act to influence the implementation of new technologies.     

Emergence of innovation networks from R&D cooperation with endogenous absorptive capacity

This paper extends the existing literature on strategic R&D alliances by presenting a model of innovation networks with endogenous absorptive capacity. The networks emerge as a result of dynamic cooperation between firms occupying different locations in the knowledge space. Partner selection is driven by absorptive capacity which is itself influenced by cognitive distance and R&D investment allocation. Under different knowledge regimes, we examine the structure of networks that emerge and how firms perform within such networks. We find networks that exhibit small world properties which are generally robust to changes in the knowledge regime. Certain network strategies such as occupying brokerage positions or maximising accessibility to potential partners pay off, especially in ‘young’ industries with limited involuntary but abundant voluntary spillovers. This particular result is driven by endogenous absorptive capacity.     

The influence of supply network structure on firm innovation

In this study, we examine the structural characteristics of supply networks and investigate the relationship between a firm's supply network accessibility and interconnectedness and its innovation output. We also examine potential moderating effects of absorptive capacity and supply network partner innovativeness on innovation output. We hypothesize that firms will experience greater innovation output from (1) higher levels of supply network accessibility and supply network interconnectedness, (2) the interaction between the levels of these two structural characteristics, (3) the moderating role of absorptive capacity on supply network accessibility and the moderating role of supply network partner innovativeness on supply network interconnectedness. Supply network partner relationships are drawn in the context of the electronics industry using data from multiple sources. We use social network analysis to create measures for each supply network structural characteristic. Using regression techniques to test the relationship between these structural characteristics and firm innovation for a sample of 390 firms, our findings suggest that supply network accessibility has a significant association with a firm's innovation output. The results also indicate that interconnected supply networks strengthen the association between supply network accessibility and innovation output. Moreover, the influence of the two structural characteristics on innovation output can be enhanced by a firm's absorptive capacity and level of supply network partner innovativeness. By addressing the need for deeper structural analysis, this study contributes to supply chain research by accounting for the embedded nature of ties in supply networks, and showing how these structural characteristics influence the knowledge and information flows residing within a firm's supply network.