海南热带农业投资研究

在资本、劳动力和土地三大生产要素中,资本对热带农业经济增长的贡献最大。本文立足海南热带农业发展的实际,分析了要素投入对热带农业经济增长的贡献,以及热带农业投资面临的突出矛盾,从财政、银行信贷、农村金融、资本市场和产业基金等方面提出了加大热带农业投资的对策建议。     

我国农业资本存量估算

利用永续盘存法,本文对1990～2015年省际层面农业资本存量进行重新估计。基于估计结果,通过分析全国四大区域的资本存量额和资本产出比来比较各地区农业资本的差距,并得到相关结论与政策建议。     

农业上市企业资本结构对盈利能力的影响分析

该文从企业资本结构对盈利能力影响的行业差异性切入,选择农业上市公司作为研究样本,利用面板数据模型对我国农业上市公司的资本结构对盈利能力的影响进行了实证分析.结果证明了我国农业上市公司资产负债率对净资产收益率的负作用.同时,通过对固定效应模型的分析提出了在农业行业内部同一企业的资产负债率和其净资产收益率具有很强的线性相关性,而不间企业周一截面线性相关性较弱的新结论.文中对其理论意义进行了分析,并根据这样的结论结合现在我国农业上市企业资本结构的现状提出了对资本结构改进的建议.     

农业上市公司资本结构优化研究

本文通过对农业上市公司资本结构的分析,指出其存在的问题,并以S*ST亚华(000918)为例提出优化农业上市公司资本结构的建议。     

工商资本投资农业模式的比较分析

在产业融合背景下,工商资本进入农业带来的资金、技术和先进的管理经验,拓宽了农产品的流通渠道,促进了农产品增值繁荣了农村经济,成为新一轮投资的热点领域。现阶段的工商资本投资农业是趋势所然,也具有相当程度的普遍性,本文就工商资本投资农业的几种模式进行了比较分析。     

会计舞弊视角下农业上市公司审计风险防范问题分析

伴随着市场经济的不停深化发展,随之而来的却是不断恶化的企业财政舞弊现象,随着国家对农业的优惠力度的不停加强,部分上市公司为了在资本市场上获得巨大的利益、吸引更多的投资者,舞弊行为越来越多,舞弊手段也随之越来越隐蔽,由此带来的审计风险越来越高,使得审计工作更加复杂化。文章基于会计舞弊的角度,分析农业上市公司会计舞弊的动机和手段,论述农业上市公司审计风险防范问题,提出相关政策性建议。     

中国的农业生产要素禀赋与农产品比较优势

赫-俄资源禀赋理论认为生产要素禀赋影响了不同国家的生产要素价格差异,进而影响了产品成本及产品价格的国别差异.本文介绍了中国农业自然资源、农业劳动力、资本和科学技术等四种农业生产要素的禀赋状况,并探讨了这四种农业生产要素的禀赋状况对中国农产品比较优势的影响.     

奋发努力，开拓进取做好新时期的农业财政工作

我省是个以农业经济为主要特征的省份。财政底子薄,农业投入不足,是长期以来困扰我省经济发展的重要障碍之一。近几年来,我们坚持从实际出发,把培育和运用资本市场,推进农业龙头企业上市,作为深化农村改革,调整投资     

依托资本市场 推动农业产业化

投入不足是制约我国农业发展的重要因素。资本是经济发展的血液。在市场经济条件下,要培育吸引资本向农业投入的机制,形成农业自身的造血功能,就必须提高农业的效益,推进农业产业化发展。利用资本市场推动农业产业化的主要功能：一是利用资本市场培育“龙一是发展土地资本市场寺资源的合理流动;三是利用国际资本市场,增加对农业的投入。     

技术进步、资金投入与农业产出增长

促进技术进步、加强财政金融支农力度是发展中国家促进农业经济发展不可或缺的战略性措施.然而,根据中国1978-2008年的实际数据进行实证分析的结果却显示:技术进步、财政投入和农户投资的产出效应较低,而农业贷款对农业经济增长有抑制作用,证明了由于我国缺乏稳定的农业资本形成机制而导致的资金配置效率低下这一事实.进一步分析发现,虽然财政金融支农力度在加强,但只有政府主导的农业资金投入有利于农业产出的提高却效率低下,而由市场主导的资金投入不利于农业经济的增长.最后,文章就如何实现农业经济平稳增长提出了简短的政策建议.     

Risk Management, Risk Capital, and the Cost of Capital

In a recent JACF article, Prakash Shimpi proposed a new way of calculating a firm's cost of capital that incorporated a concept of "risk capital" as well as operational capital. The premise of the Shimpi approach was that purchasing hedging instruments effectively "releases" equity that is no longer needed to ensure the firm's creditworthiness.
This article shows that Shimpi's cost of capital calculations incorporate this released equity in a misleading way, exaggerating the capital base and underestimating its true cost. It also demonstrates how conventional cost of capital approaches can be modified to integrate risk capital, thereby avoiding such distortions and accurately representing the cost of capital of a company with a policy of active risk management.     

Access to Capital, Capital Structure, and the Funding of the Firm

Based upon a large data set of public and private firms in the United Kingdom, I find that compared to their public counterparts, private firms rely almost exclusively on debt financing, have higher leverage ratios, and tend to avoid external capital markets, leading to a greater sensitivity of their capital structures to fluctuations in performance. I argue that these differences are due to private equity being more costly than public equity. I further examine the private firms subsample to show that private equity is more costly than its public counterpart due to information asymmetry and the desire to maintain control.     

Human Capital,Bankruptcy, and Capital Structure

We derive the optimal labor contract for a levered firm in an economy with perfectly competitive capital and labor markets. Employees become entrenched under this contract and so face large human costs of bankruptcy. The firm's optimal capital structure therefore depends on the trade‐off between these human costs and the tax benefits of debt. Optimal debt levels consistent with those observed in practice emerge without relying on frictions such as moral hazard or asymmetric information. Consistent with empirical evidence, persistent idiosyncratic differences in leverage across firms also result. In addition, wages should have explanatory power for firm leverage.     

中国资本产出、资本回报与资本流向之谜--基于劳动力价格扭曲视角北大核心

本文通过建立生产部门的要素买方垄断市场均衡模型,利用1996-2016年中国省级面板数据测算中国劳动力价格扭曲程度,并使用固定效应模型(FE)及面板固定效应的工具变量(IV)估计方法加以分析,从劳动力价格扭曲视角解答了中国资本产出、资本回报与资本流向之谜,即中国经济如何在赶超阶段面临资本深化不断加剧和TFP增长乏力的情况下,依靠劳动力价格扭曲实现低资本产出与高资本回报水平共存,从而维持长期高速资本积累以及优质的资本流向结构。实证研究表明:劳动力价格扭曲降低了资本产出效率,但这并不能掩盖由劳动力向资本方转移的垄断利润对资本回报的直接补贴,因此劳动力价格扭曲对中国维持高资本回报水平起到了重要的支撑作用,并通过高资本回报水平实现了地区资本快速积累,劳动力价格扭曲对资本流向的积极作用还体现在抑制资本"脱实向虚"及吸引外资流入。因此,应正视劳动力价格扭曲在赶超阶段的特殊作用,在矫正扭曲的过程中循序渐进,更积极采取措施规避其对资本回报和资本流向可能产生的不利影响。     

Bank Capital Requirements, Capital Structure and Regulation

This paper studies the impact of capital requirements, deposit insurance and franchise value on a bank’s capital structure. We find that properly regulated banks voluntarily choose to maintain capital in excess of the minimum required. Central to this decision is both firm franchise value and the ability of regulators to place banks in receivership stripping equity holders of firm value. These features of our model help explain both the capital structure of the large mortgage Government Sponsored Enterprises and the recent increase in risk taking through leverage by financial institutions. The insights gained from the model are useful in guiding the discussion of financial regulatory reforms.     

Disclosure,Liquidity, and the Cost of Capital

This paper shows that revealing public information to reduce information asymmetry can reduce a firm's cost of capital by attracting increased demand from large investors due to increased liquidity of its securities. Large firms will disclose more information since they benefit most. Disclosure also reduces the risk bearing capacity available through market makers. If initial information asymmetry is large, reducing it will increase the current price of the security. However, the maximum current price occurs with some asymmetry of information: further reduction of information asymmetry accentuates the undesirable effects of exit from market making.     

资本影子价值、资本利用率与上市公司质量

本讨论了在有调整成本存在的情况下上市公司资本品的影子价值（包括实物资本和无形资本的价值）、资本利用率与上市公司质量之间的关系，修正了现有的理论模型。在利用该模型对中国泸深两市有代表性的上市公司的实证研究中发现，（1）资本影子价值的变化能够较好地反映上市公司长期发展状况。（2）资本利用率的波动与上市公司的短期经营状况有着紧密的联系。（3）资本影子价值与资本利用率之间的关系体现了公司长期发展与短期产出水平之间的关系。     

人力资本、技能资本与技能经济及其相互关系

“三农”问题的核心问题是农民问题,尤其是农民收入问题。当代经济、社会发展的实际状况以及人力资本和经济增长理论的研究都表明,人力资本投资与经济发展和社会进步存在着紧密的联系。大力发展技能经济、提高中国农村人力资本投资特别是技能资本的投资是实现中国农民收入持续快速增长的根本途径,是建设社会主义新农村的关键所在。     

Growth Options, Beta, and the Cost of Capital

We show how to decompose a firm's beta into its beta of assets-in-place and its beta of growth opportunities. Our empirical results demonstrate that the beta of growth opportunities is greater than the beta of assets-in-place for virtually all industries over all periods of time dating back to 1977. The difference has important implications for determining the cost of capital. For example, when choosing comparables to determine a project beta one should match the growth opportunities of the project with those of the comparable firm. Assuming a 6% market equity risk premium, accounting for growth opportunities alters the project cost of capital by as much as 2% to 3%.