中国通胀目标的估计与影响分析

本文利用变系数不可观测要素模型,以拓展后的卡尔曼滤波估计政府的通胀目标并评估其对于实际通胀的影响.研究发现,本文估计的通胀目标自2012年以来显著高于实际通胀,其有效拉抬通胀预期,成功抵消经济增速放缓对总体通货膨胀的抑制.通胀目标与实际经济行为对通货膨胀的影响在危机后均显著提升,中国不存在菲利普斯曲线扁平化现象,政府通胀目标对于实际通胀起到良好的锚定作用.     

我国通胀预期的估计及对实际通货膨胀的影响

本文通过构建状态空间模型,利用我国宏观经济数据对通货膨胀预期进行了估计.分析通胀预期和实际通胀序列发现,“前瞻性”的通胀预期管理政策能有效地控制实际通胀的高涨.在此基础上,论文利用Geweke检验分析了通胀预期对我国实际通货膨胀的影响.研究结果显示,通胀预期对实际通货膨胀存在着长期影响和瞬时影响,但两种影响的程度不同.通胀预期对实际通货膨胀的长期影响程度约为35％,高于瞬时影响的影响程度,说明通胀预期对实际通胀的影响以长期影响为主.因此,中央银行应将“前瞻性”的通胀预期管理政策加入到货币政策中,通过稳定通胀预期和提高调控的“前瞻性”来控制实际通胀的长期高涨.     

关于国际金融危机下国内经济复苏导致通胀预期的分析探讨

通货膨胀是一种复杂的社会经济现象。通胀预期对通货膨胀的发生有重要的诱导作用。分析了通胀与通胀预期的关系,并就当前我国在国际金融危机条件下如何避免国内通胀预期真正转变为通货膨胀提出了对策建议。     

关于国际金融危机下国内经济复苏导致通胀预期的分析探讨

通货膨胀是一种复杂的社会经济现象。通胀预期对通货膨胀的发生有重要的诱导作用。分析了通胀与通胀预期的关系,并就当前我国在国际金融危机条件下如何避免国内通胀预期真正转变为通货膨胀提出了对策建议。     

The Form. Measurement and Management of Inflation Anticipation

通货膨胀是影响各国经济发展和社会稳定的重要问题,而通胀预期又是影响实际通货膨胀的重要因素。我国通货膨胀随着社会转型开始呈现周期性变化,对我国通货膨胀基于成本推动型、需求拉动型、结构型等等的研究也已经较多,但不容忽视的是,我国通货膨胀的惯性特征很强,通货膨胀的滞后效应十分明显,究其原因是通胀预期的作用。本文基于对通胀预期形成的认识,对其影响因素进行研究,然后通过实证分析,得到通胀预期形成的相关结论,最后对通货膨胀的管理提出政策建议。     

异质性通胀预期对通货膨胀形成机制的动态影响-基于混合新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线的实证分析

通过对异质性通胀预期与实际通货膨胀动态关系的实证研究,证实了不同微观经济主体的预期都会对实际通货膨胀产生影响,并且适应性预期所占比例远远大于理性预期.更进一步,适应性预期与理性预期对实际通货膨胀的影响力不同,理性预期对实际通货膨胀的即期影响力大于适应性预期,但是影响的持久性却小于理性预期.所以央行在调控通货膨胀的时候,应关注微观经济体的通胀预期异质性,适时引导各种异质性预期,从而锚定微观经济体的预期,使得货币政策能够顺利实施.     

建立我国通胀预期管理体系的思考

通胀预期是公众对未来通货膨胀变动方向和幅度的事前估计和判断.通胀预期会从需求和供给等方面推动实际通货膨胀水平.西方国家中央银行大多通过问卷调查和计量模型对通胀预期进行测量,并采取多种方法对通胀预期进行管理.我国目前尚缺乏针对通胀预期的调查制度和专门的通胀预期管理手段.为了有效管理通胀预期,我国需要借鉴国际经验,构建适合我国国情的通胀预期管理体系.     

基于NKPC框架的我国通货膨胀动态机制分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文以新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线(NKPC)理论为基础,研究了中国通货膨胀动态形成机制,并据此构建SVAR模型以分析实际通胀对各影响因素的冲击反应。研究发现,自2008年金融危机以来,通胀预期和通胀惯性对实际通胀的影响力持续增强,而产出缺口的影响力则没有明显的时变特征。值得关注的是,本文发现通胀预期对实际通胀的影响效果缺乏稳定性,暗示我国目前的通胀预期粘性程度可能较大。中央银行在进行预期管理时首先要厘清通胀预期与实际通胀的关系,疏通预期传导机制,以便更好地服务于防通胀任务。     

预期、投资推动与中国通货膨胀

本文构建了中国特征的新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线,考察了我国通货膨胀预期性质及投资对通货膨胀的影响.通过理论分析和实证检验,本文认为:我国通货膨胀特性符合新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线,兼具前瞻型预期和后顾型预期特征.从通货膨胀表征来看,其中前瞻型的通胀预期和后顾型通胀惯性预期对通胀影响最为显著,投资的影响次之.从我国通胀预期的特征和投资推动的具体影响来看,建立公开透明的信息披露机制和改变政府主导投资模式可以切实有效地抑制通货膨胀.     

对当前国内通货膨胀预期的研究与思考

随着世界经济缓慢复苏,国内经济运行朝宏观调控的预期方向发展,通胀预期逐渐强化.本文在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,根据费雪方程和无偏预期理论,从短期名义利率(银行间同业拆借利率)中分离出通货膨胀预期和Ex-ante实际利率,对通胀预期进行了分析和预测,并使用Ex-ante实际利率与主趋势的偏离程度衡量我国货币政策实施效果,针对我国加强通胀预期管理提出了完善调查监测制度、完善信息披露机制、加大央行票据发行力度、建立适合我国国情的通胀目标制等政策建议.     

关于通胀预期形成模式及其管理对策的研究

该文在对通胀预期三种形成方式进行比较分析的基础上,认为不完全理性预期是较为符合实际的预期形成方式;而通货膨胀持久性、经济主体获得信息并进行有效分析的能力、中央银行信誉是影响不完全理性预期的主要因素。中央银行应在货币政策目标上赋予币值稳定更高的权重,并通过进一步加强与公众的沟通,尽量向公众提供能使其形成合理预期所需的信息量等方式来管理通货膨胀预期。     

Monetary Policy Rules in an Open Economy with Heuristics: Which Model Is Best?

The choices of policy targets and the formation of agents’ expectation have been critical issues for reconsidering monetary policy management since 2008. The purpose of this article is to evaluate macroeconomic stability in a New Keynesian open economy in which agents experience cognitive limitations. The (im)perfect credibility of various monetary policies (e.g., a Taylor-type rule, strict domestic inflation targeting, strict CPI inflation targeting, exchange rate peg) may lead agents to react according to their expectation rules, and then create various degrees of booms and busts in output and inflation. Therefore, relaxation of the rational expectation hypothesis has potential consequences for policy designs. Our simulations confirm that the business cycles induced by animal spirits are enhanced by strict inflation targeting. Furthermore, a Taylor-type (CPI or domestic inflation) rule or a credible exchange rate pegging system can improve social welfare and stability in an open economy.     

中国通货膨胀预期记忆性研究——基于2003-2017年央行数据的实证分析

基于央行发布的居民对下季度物价预期数据,构建净差额法、正态分布、均匀分布以及逻辑分布下的通货膨胀预期,实证检验不同分布下通胀预期的记忆性,并在此基础上研究北京、河北、江西、云南等四个省市之间记忆性差异及其微观原因.结果表明:当我国居民通胀预期服从均匀分布时,通胀预期有可能存在记忆性,并且具有"长记忆"特征.其中北京通胀预期记忆性最短,其次是河北和云南,江西通胀预期记忆性最长.这种通胀预期记忆性的差异来源于各省市居民对未来收入信心、金融参与程度以及人均收入等微观因素的差别.     

中央银行沟通、实际干预与通货膨胀稳定

近年来,中央银行沟通已成为一种重要的货币政策工具。本文把中央银行沟通因素引入修正的卢卡斯总供给函数,发现加大中央银行沟通力度有利于引导通货膨胀预期,稳定通货膨胀。采用2003-2009年月度数据,利用结构向量自回归方法对中央银行沟通及实际干预在稳定通货膨胀中的作用进行实证研究,主要结论如下:(1)正的中央银行沟通冲击能有效降低通货膨胀预期以及名义通货膨胀率,且时滞短;(2)正的实际干预(包括银行贷款利率、央票利率及货币供应量)冲击,在短期内不但不能降低通货膨胀预期及名义通货膨胀率,反而会加剧通货膨胀,出现"价格之谜"现象。此外,本文对大多数情况下我国中央银行沟通模棱两可的合理性进行了解释。     

2010:通货膨胀预期下的中国货币政策

如果说2009年的主题是信贷高增长,那么2010年的关注点无疑就是通胀。通胀预期的恐慌也早已伴随着前期释放的巨大流动性充斥全国,那么,事实到底如何?本文将在此为您详解细数。     

Learning from Trading

The incorporation of diverse information into asset prices isempirically examined in an actual securities market with multiplerounds of trade. Using prices of Israeli index and nominal bondsof equal maturity, we calculate implied expectations of inflationthat has already occurred but for which the official statistichas not yet been announced. Learning is defined as the convergenceof these expectations to the actual level of inflation in theperiod after the end of the month but before the announcementof the official statistic. We find that the variance of theinflation expectation errors decreases with trading days inthis period. The decline in the variance suggests that investorslearn, by repeatedly observing prices, about the distributionof other investors' information. We also find a positive relationbetween the dispersion of relative price changes and the sizeof the inflation-expectation errors on the first round of trade.The correlation diminishes as investors learn about the distributionof inflation information in the economy.     

Have cryptocurrencies become an inflation hedge after the reopening of the U.S. economy?

In this paper, we study how the comovement between cryptocurrencies and the U.S. inflation expectation rates has changed during the post-reopening of the U.S. economy after the Covid-19 crisis. To do so, we develop a new concept of “exceedance co-kurtosis” which allows us to quantify asymmetry in strong comovement between each cryptocurrency and the inflation expectation rate. The key findings are as follows. First, we show the change in the co-kurtosis asymmetry for major cryptocurrencies: the downside co-kurtosis was higher than the upside co-kurtosis but it decreased after the reopening of the economy. Although the unconditional correlations between cryptocurrencies and the inflation expectation rates remain very low, our results indicate that the major cryptocurrencies become a slightly better inflation hedge after the reopening. Second and more interestingly, the results do not depend on whether a cryptocurrency has a cap on maximum supply or not. Therefore, treating the major cryptocurrencies as digital commodities could be misleading from the viewpoint of portfolio optimization.     

The great moderation of the term structure of UK interest rates

The conduct of monetary policy, the term structure of interest rates and the structure of the economy in the UK have changed over the post-WWII period. We model the interaction between the macroeconomy and financial markets using a time-varying VAR augmented with the factors from the yield curve. There is evidence of a great moderation in the dynamics of the yield curve, with the factors being persistent and volatile before the introduction of inflation targeting in 1992 but becoming stable afterwards. The introduction of time-variation in the Factor Augmented VAR improves the fit of the model and results in expectation hypothesis consistent yields that are close to actual yields, even at long maturities. Monetary policy shocks had a significant impact on the volatility of inflation, output and the policy rate over the pre-inflation targeting era, but their contribution has been negligible under the current regime. Shocks to the level of the yield curve accounted for a large fraction of inflation variability only before 1992.     

通胀预期形成机理研究——基于SVAR模型的实证分析

本文利用中国人民银行调查的1999年四季度以来的居民通胀预期季度数据,通过建立SVAR模型,对居民通胀预期的影响因素进行动态考察。研究表明,居民通胀预期具有自我实现的性质;以往的通胀经历、汇率波动、资产价格、国际油价对居民通胀预期的形成均有明显影响;货币供给对居民通胀预期的影响幅度不大但较为持久,产出缺口、工资水平、粮价对居民通胀预期的影响并不显著。