内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区湿地生态旅游开发探讨

湿地在自然界中起着非常关键的作用,对于湿地的管理与开发越来越受到社会各界的广泛关注,旅游业是当今社会发展最快,最具潜力的行业之一,生态旅游是目前旅游发展的一大趋势,因此,将湿地与生态旅游结合到一起势必会产生很好的效果;在图牧吉自然保护区开展生态旅游业有利于保护区的管理与建设,增强保护区可持续发展的观念;探讨对图牧吉自然保护区开展湿地生态旅游的可行性、意义及规划建议等,为图牧吉自然保护区湿地生态旅游的开发提供一些建议。     

广东江门红树林自然保护区生态评价

广东江门红树林自然保护区是以保护红树林及其生境为主要保护对象的野生生物类自然保护区。文章对自然保护区的典型性、生物多样性、稀有性、代表性及生态公益性、生态旅游性等方面进行了评价,并从加强自然保护区建设,开展对红树林湿地资源研究、加强退化红树林湿地的生态恢复、开展湿地旅游等方面提出建议。     

国家公园体制下自然保护地建设社区参与研究

选取四川大熊猫国家公园试点和金寨天马国家级自然保护区为案例点,通过半开放访谈和农户问卷调查,从社区参与的环节、途径和方式等角度分析了两地社区参与情况并比较了两地参与情况的差异。研究发现参与主要集中在运行与分享环节,对监督与建设环节虽有所涉及,但参与程度稍低,决策和管理环境参与程度极低。同时多头管理是四川大熊猫国家公园的主要问题,而保护区建设与居民矛盾则是金寨天马国家级自然保护区的主要问题。在此基础上提出了建立中央统一管理、完善保护地社区共管机制、加强社区参与能力建设、提高社区发展公平性等建议。     

大庆市自然保护区现状与建设

评述大庆市12个自然保护区自然状况,生态系统类型和主要保护对象,在对自然保护区现状分析的基础上,提出自然保护区建设的主要内容:建立草甸草原生态系统类型自然保护区,扩大部分自然保护区面积和调整分布格局,重视龙凤湿地自然保护区建设,建立大庆自然保护区管理类型分类体系。     

试论湿地公园建设中的湿地保护与恢复措施——以四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区项目为例

近年来,我国越来越关注生态环境保护和恢复。得益于特殊的湿地生态系统,一些地区更适宜建设湿地公园。湿地公园项目建设可以保持湿地生态系统的平衡,发挥湿地在环境美化、气候调节、水源净化等方面的作用。湿地公园项目为大型项目,在开展施工建设时可能会造成周边环境破坏,因此加强湿地保护与恢复是湿地公园项目建设中的重点工作。以四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区项目为例,详细探析了项目实施中湿地保护与恢复措施。     

上海市湿地自然保护区现状及保护对策

上海市湿地自然保护区在推进可持续发展战略、塑造现代化国际大都市优美生态环境、向国内外展示城市的崭新形象中,具有举足轻重的作用。本文对上海市三大重要湿地自然保护区即崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区、九段沙湿地自然保护区和金山三岛海洋生态自然‘保护区的现状进行了分析,在此基础上从树立科学发展观、加强立法执法力度、增加资金投入和加强国际合作四个方面提出了相应的保护对策。     

黄河下游沿岸湿地自然保护区的保护对策

由于湿地退化、人为破坏、管理保护不力等原因,黄河下游沿岸湿地内所建立的各级自然保护区均存在水量减少、湿地环境恶化、生物数量减少等问题,应采取加强宣传教育、加大执法力度、增加资金投入、强化黄河水资源管理和调整土地利用结构等对策,提高保护水平。     

吉林省柳河县湿地利用与保护

从湿地类型、面积及其比例构成等方面介绍了吉林省柳河县湿地资源现状与基本特征;分析了湿地面积的动态变化及其原因;探讨了涅地资源变化特点及其未来发展趋势.认为湿地资源的利用率和生产力较低、湿地自然保护区建设缓慢以及泥炭地开发利用过度等方面,是目前柳河县湿地利用与保护中所存在的主要问题;在此基础上,提出实施柳河县湿地生态保护...     

黑龙江呼中国家级自然保护区森林湿地资源现状与保护对策

湿地作为特殊的生态系统,其功能在人类社会经济可持续发展中具有不可替代的作用。本文对黑龙江呼中国家级自然保护区内寒温带森林湿地的保护现状进行调查分析,分析本区域森林湿地具有典型性、脆弱性和多样性的特点提出了保护对策。为全面分析湿地资源的动态变化,保护与维护湿地生态系统的生态功能、为区域经济和资源管理提供及时、准确的基础数据;加强区域湿地资源保护,维持湿地生态系统平衡,保护流域下游的生态系统,为实现区域经济和社会的可持续发展提供依据。     

中国泛北极植物区西部的自然概况和自然资源保护的展望

关于建立自然保护区和加强自然和自然资源的保护与研究,已愈来愈引起人们的普遍关注和重视。根据1982年的统计、全国已正式划定106个自然保护区,总面积约390万公顷,约占全国土地总面积0.4％。总的说来,大多集中在东部森林地区、西部辽阔的草原、荒漠、高原和高山地区数量还少、水域、湿地、海岸和岛屿等更少。因此、加强自然保护区的建立、充实和完善自然保护区的管理,是当前我国自然保护工作一项迫切的任务。     

Diseconomies of Size with Fixed Managerial Ability

Managerial ability has important implications for farm growth. In this article we first show in a production model that increasing output with a fixed level of managerial ability can lead to a decrease in profits. Next, we discuss the effect that managerial ability has on economies of size. In the empirical part, economies of size are estimated for a sample of dairy farms using a proxy for managerial ability, which is calculated as a technical efficiency index. The results show that increasing farm size while holding managerial ability constant can be an important source of diseconomies of size.     

Modelling the origins of managerial ability in agricultural production*

The efficiency of production from a farm’s land, labour and capital is critically dependent on the ability of the farm manager. Yet, while there are studies correlating a wide range of manager‐related variables with returns, and, therefore, probably ability, little understanding of the basic determinants of managerial ability exists. Questions such as ‘what is the importance of a farmer’s family experiences and training in determining the farmer’s managerial ability?’ need answering. The solution to this, and other, questions will enable determining ways of improving farmers’ inherent ability developed both in early, and later, life. In that most decisions on a farm are made intuitively, in contrast to the use of a formal analysis, improving farmers’ inherent ability will have a significant payoff. The research reported here uses data from a large stratified random survey of 740 developed farmers (29 per cent had tertiary education, 30 per cent had 4 or more years secondary education) to create a structural equation model of the determinants of managerial ability. The results suggest that a farmer’s exposure to experiences is a significant factor in ability, as is the farmer’s management style and the family influence on early life experience.     

Measuring managerial efficiency: the case of commercial greenhouse growers

Recently the managerial decision making process has been given new attention, both in theoretical studies as well as in empirical research explaining differences in farm results. However, while critical to explaining efficiency, managerial ability has been difficult to measure and therefore often ignored. This study attempts to measure managerial ability. It divides the decision making process into four steps: goal formulation, planning, monitoring and evaluation. The quality of each step is measured in a panel of 26 specialised flower producers, The impact of decision making on the firms' efficiencies is measured by means of a stochastic frontier production function. A one‐step procedure is used in which technical and decision making parameters are jointly estimated. The results show positive associations between firm efficiency and the quality of decision making (especially monitoring and firm evaluation), indicating that this procedure has been potentially successful and is a move towards successfully measuring a critical input.     

Managerial ability — a review of its basis and potential improvement using psychological concepts

Achieving an appropriate resource allocation structure usually revolves around the farm manager. His or her ability is crucial to success. Yet, most farmers learn by experience and/or through various courses that concentrate on technical, production economic and related aspects. Putting more effort into understanding the components of managerial ability and how a managers’ ability to perform well in each component might be improved is well overdue. As psychology is the study of people and their actions it is the obvious discipline to turn to for assistance. This paper contains a review of the psychology of decision making from a farm management perspective, outlines what psychology offers for changing a person's attributes, and considers the structure of a research programme aimed at developing methods for improving individual's managerial ability.     

NONPRICE RATIONING OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT BY TWO TRADING BANKS

The non price mechanism used by the trading banks to ration credit among farmers was studied using a survey designed along the lines of a factorial experiment. Of the farmer characteristics studied, managerial ability emerged as being most important in affecting the amount a farmer could borrow. Banking history and, to a lesser extent, security were also influential. However, the research indicated that there is great variability in the amounts that individual bank managers are prepared to lend.     

浅论农村土地经营权流转的法规制度建设

农村土地承包经营权流转的法规制度建设当前尚不完备,必须继续加强和完善这方面相关法规制度的建设,其重点：一是继续完善土地经营权权能结构;二是实现强化土地承包经营权长期化与遏制承包土地调整的法制建设;三是制定针对土地经营权流转纠纷的仲裁与处置的相关法规;四是围绕“土地承包法”制定符合各地实际的地方法规与实施细则。     

A COMPUTER MANAGERIAL PACKAGE FOR FEED MILLS*

Currently many attempts are being made to improve the level of firm decision-making through the use of computers. Such an approach requires the ability to represent the firm's activities in the form of a mathematical model.
In this study, the linear programming model was used to represent the operations of a Feed manufacturer. The usefulness of the model to assist managerial decision-making in the areas of product mix and promotion, pricing, feed formulation and resource utilization is explored.     

试谈科技管理创新与科技成果产业化

本文分析了改革开放以来科技管理创新与对科技成果产业化发展的影响和作用 ,进一步阐明科技管理创新改革的必要性 ,提出当前科技管理创新的方向。     

森林旅游资源经营权市场化问题思考

森林是现今生态旅游的重要方面,我国森林旅游经过10多年的发展,已初具规模,但由于受到经营机制的限制,森林旅游业,尤其是地方性的森林旅游业发展出现了重重阻碍。文章从森林旅游资源经营权市场化,即所有权与经营权分离的可行性和必要性着手,对经营权市场化过程中涉及的双方权利义务、资源定价、价格程序等进行了有益地探讨。     

华清宫文物旅游管理体制优化研究

从华清官管理体制的历史演变，分析当前管理体制的两个缺陷，进而提出构建华清宫管理体制的理论基础、现实出发点、关键环节以及华清宫文物旅游管理体制的组织结构。同时认为垂直分离式的管理体制具有集权与分权相结合、政企分开、利益共享的特征，能够有效地克服上述两个缺陷，是一种较优的体制模式。