论奥巴马的新税政策对我国个人所得税制改革的启示

奥巴马新税政策的主要目的是通过拓宽税基,让富人成为主要的纳税主体,从而缩小社会收入差距,维护中、低收入家庭利益,减少贫困。它带给我国个人所得税制改革的启示,是在理念上一定要树立起让富人更多纳税的观念,通过调整税制结构,增加个人所得税比重,发挥个税在调整社会收入差距中的作用;通过拓宽税基,抬高个人所得税起征点,让富人成为主要纳税主体,从而实现税负公平,减少社会贫困,最终实现社会公平和正义。     

稳定土地承包关系视域下土地承包经营权继承的法理阐释与规范路径

土地承包经营权的身份性特征使得其继承与否无论在理论上、立法上还是实践上均未达成共识。土地三权分置改革在立法上的落实，使得土地承包经营权继承与否的问题转变成了土地承包权继承、土地经营权继承还是土地承包经营权继承的新分歧。土地承包经营权继承与否、如何继承，应当从法理基础、规范进路综合分析，平衡政策与法律之间的张力。土地承包经营权与土地承包权在法律属性上的同一性，决定了土地承包经营权继承等同于土地承包权继承。在继承规则构造上，坚持集体成员为权利主体，兼顾土地承包经营权的身份性，限定其继承主体为本集体成员。在继承方式上以法定继承为主，赋予尚未取得土地承包经营权的户内集体成员以优先性，遗产分割区分“分户”与“未分户”的情形，并予以变更登记。     

发行高新技术企业高收益债券的探讨

发行高新技术企业高收益债券有利于培育和发展战略性新兴产业、解决技术创新融资困境、深化金融改革、丰富科技和金融结合的内涵。目前我国发行高新技术企业高收益债券的条件已经具备,时机已经成熟,建议适时推出。与此同时,我国还需要在发行和交易规则、配套制度建设以及推动形成规范统一的债券市场等方面给予前瞻性关注。     

创建"服务型机关"——高校机关作风建设的问题和对策

创建"服务型机关"主要是以邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想为指导,树立和落实科学发展观.以转变观念为前提,增强服务意识;以提高素质为基础,提高服务能力;以提高效率为主线,提高服务质量;以争创先进为动力,创新服务载体;以建章立制为保证,强化服务效果,将高校机关建设成为基层服务、为教学科研服务、为师生员工服务的"服务型机关".     

The Impact of Internet Investor Relations on the Cost of Capital: Evidence from Companies Listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Given the voluntary nature of internet investor relations (IIR), the decision to engage can be viewed in terms of a cost–benefit framework. This study aims to investigate one potential benefit of IIR: a reduction in the cost of capital (measured as the weighted average cost of equity and cost of debt). Contrary to the majority of related studies to date that have used either an indirect proxy or examined the annual report, this study entails a content analysis of corporate websites using a comprehensive measurement instrument. IIR is found to be significantly and negatively related to the cost of debt. Although the level of IIR is also found to be significantly and negatively related to the cost of equity, this association only prevails after an adjustment is made to the cost of equity of smaller companies. Finally, the level of IIR is found to be significantly and negatively related to the cost of capital, both before and after an adjustment to the cost of equity of smaller companies is made. Although the current study deals with Johannesburg Stock Exchange data, the problem investigated is universal in nature and according to our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively examine the impact of IIR on the cost of capital.     

论科学发展中国特色审计

当前,国家审计机关学习贯彻落实党的十七大精神,就是要紧密围绕十七大精神,紧密联系审计实际,大力推进中国特色社会主义审计科学发展。本文围绕贯彻科学发展观树立中国特色审计科学思想、围绕坚持中国特色道路创立中国特色审计理论体系、围绕实现小康目标要求确立中国特色审计发展策略、围绕促进经济好快发展探索中国特色审计监督新路、围绕发展政治文化社会发挥中国特色审计职能作用、围绕推进党建伟大工程强化中国特色审计队伍建设等方面进行粗浅探讨,以此期能对科学发展中国特色审计事业起到积极促进作用。     

Assessing adaptive capacity of water management organizations. The case study of the municipality of Tomave (Bolivia)

Climate change is only one of several pressure and drivers, such as natural disasters, improvements in technologies and changing customers’ behaviors that water organizations have to relate and adapt to. This places new challenges (e.g. dealing with increased exposure, vulnerability, and uncertainty) to water management and require water organizations to change their perspective on how to deal with water issues. This paper builds on a literature review to identify dimensions and criteria of adaptive capacity and presents a conceptual framework to assess organizational adaptive capacity. The developed framework has been tested within the Municipality of Tomave (Bolivia). The paper results emphasize the incapacity to transform routines as the context is changing leads to the construction of barriers and to the inability of an organization to support the process of change of the society. In addition, the study emphasis that the development of a working system based on cooperation requires first that an organization acquires skills and adapt its routines to the new working system. Furthermore, the development of a participatory process of planning and implementation of policies would help to reduce the trade-offs and conflicts related to water management. Linked to this, the development of a system for monitoring and evaluation of policies implemented organization can contribute to build an iterative mechanism so to allow a redefinition and improvement of such policies.     

Dynamical macroprudential stress testing using network theory

The increasing frequency and scope of financial crises have made global financial stability one of the major concerns of economic policy and decision makers. This has led to the understanding that financial and banking supervision has to be thought of as a systemic task, focusing on the interdependent relations among the institutions. Using network theory, we develop a dynamic model that uses a bipartite network of banks and their assets to analyze the system’s sensitivity to external shocks in individual asset classes and to evaluate the presence of features underlying the system that could lead to contagion. As a case study, we apply the model to stress test the Venezuelan banking system from 1998 to 2013. The introduced model was able to capture monthly changes in the structure of the system and the sensitivity of bank portfolios to different external shock scenarios and to identify systemic vulnerabilities and their time evolution. The model provides new tools for policy makers and supervision agencies to use for macroprudential dynamical stress testing.     

Unleash innovation in foreign subsidiaries

In multinational corporations, growth-triggering innovation often emerges in foreign subsidiaries from employees closest to customers and least attached to the procedures and politeness of the home office. But too often, heavy-handed responses from headquarters squelch local enthusiasm and drive out good ideas--and good people. The authors' research into more than 50 multinationals suggests that encouraging innovation in foreign subsidiaries requires a change in attitude. Companies should start to think of foreign subsidiaries as peninsulas rather than as islands--as extensions of the company's strategic domain rather than as isolated outposts. If they do, innovative ideas will flow more freely from the periphery to the corporate center. Basing their arguments on a rich array of examples, the authors say that encouraging such "innovation at the edges" also requires a new set of practices, with two aims: to improve the formal and informal channels of communication between headquarters and subsidiaries and to give foreign subsidiaries more authority to see their ideas through. The challenge for executives of multinationals is to find ways to liberalize, not tighten, internal systems and to delegate more authority to local subsidiaries. It isn't enough to ask subsidiary managers to be innovative; corporate managers need to give them incentives and support systems to facilitate their efforts. The authors suggest four approaches: give seed money to subsidiaries; use formal requests for proposals as a way of increasing the demand for seed money; encourage subsidiaries to be incubators for fledgling businesses; and build international networks. As part of the last approach, multinationals also need to create roles for idea brokers who can link entrepreneurs in foreign subsidiaries with other parts of the company.     

The Rhetoric of Modernization and the Labour Government's Pay Agenda

The modernization agenda is central to New Labour's desire to improve public services and reforming public sector pay is argued to be a fundamental requirement to delivering such improvement. This article argues that both the modernization agenda and pay reform have a rhetorical function. The authors analyse some short extracts of text from the NHS Agenda for Change on pay reform and show that much of the text requires unstated assumptions and premises to be added by the reader to render the arguments of the text to be fully coherent. Reaction to these unstated aspects of the Government's rhetoric are central to whether modernization is approved of or not.     

Dividend Surprises Inferred from Option and Stock Prices

This paper introduces a new method to measure the unexpected component of dividend announcements. While measures used previously were based on various arbitrary models of dividend expectations, our suggested method compares the reaction of stock and option prices to dividend announcements. Our measure is compared to commonly used model-based measures, to a Box-Jenkins time-series-based measure, and to a Value-Line Investor Survey-based measure of dividend surprises. The new measure is more highly correlated with the market's reaction to the announcements than are alternative measures of dividend surprises. The new measure is also shown to be insensitive to the extent to which the options used to identify unexpected dividend announcements are in- or out-of-the-money.     

注册体制下商标使用意图要件检视

商标使用意图要件是使用体制国家转向注册体制的关键,对在注册体制下维持和强调发挥商标作用所必需的使用义务以及对相对具体规则进行有效补充等方面具有不可替代性。据此,我国为规制频发的恶意注册和囤积行为,在商标法中增加了使用意图要件的规定,禁止缺乏使用意图的商标注册,并允许就此提出异议和申请无效宣告。然而,本次修改为保证商标法体系的稳定性而过于简略,很容易出现使用意图要件地位不明、意图认定困难、规则适用冲突等问题。对此,有必要在明确商标法注册体制下宣示性与规则性相结合条款与兜底性绝对无效理由条款的法律地位的基础上,吸收国内外实践和立法经验,细化完善意图声明审查、兜底性适用顺位、实际使用豁免无效以及由实际使用衔接注册审查与无效宣告等具体规则,从而增强我国使用意图要件的可操作性并使其发挥应有作用。     

体育教育发展的新趋势——发展和完善学生的个性

坚持"健康第一"的指导思想,激发和培养学生的运动兴趣,重视学生的主体地位,关注学生的个体差异和不同需求,重视学生个性的发展,是新课程《体育与健康》的基本理念。本文通过在体育教学改革中,教师有意识地激发学生的兴趣;培养学生的能力,满足学生个体差异和不同需求,达到发展学生个性的目的。     

True and Fair — An Imaginary View

The recent collapses of major Australian corporations and the human and economic consequences have emphasised the need for a new approach to auditing in Australia to fix the culture of complacency. The challenge is to continue to persuade directors, auditors and ASIC to better understand what the law requires, and to pressure government to create the conditions to ensure that ASIC undertakes appropriate enforcement.     

振兴东北老工业基地对策研究

老工业基地改造是中央重振东北的战略性举措,是东北经济发展的新机遇。老工业基地改造有三大要点:注重制度因素;抓住改造重点;推进民营经济。重新振兴东北不仅限于老工业基地改造,而是一个综合性的社会发展目标,其要旨为:重视新区建设,拓展发展空间;发展循环经济,实现资源转化;推进民营银行,拓宽融资渠道。     

化解省属高校贷款债务政策研究

从对高校贷款债务的研究方式来看,现有的研究方式显得比较单一。研究方法多属于理论研究,缺乏实证研究,研究的成果往往不容易转化为实践。正因如此,进一步推动高校贷款的理论研究和实证研究的充分结合就显得十分必要。应该增加运用实证研究方法的比重,保证研究的客观性和规范性,本文试图从政府角度研究解决高校贷款问题提出具体的方案和对应的实施细则,对高校如何控制贷款的风险和多大程度上控制贷款风险提供可操作性的办法,更为国家和政府如何调整高校贷款政策、规范高校贷款行为提供必要的参考和借鉴。     

我国有关部委保护各自领域消费者的制度框架和执行体系

根据《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》,消费者和经营者发生消费者权益争议后,可以通过下列途径解决：①与经营者协商和解;②请求消费者协会调解;③向有关行政部门申诉;④根据与经营者达成的仲裁协议提请仲裁机构仲裁;⑤向人民法院提起诉讼。本文是中国人民银行西安分行《金融消费者权益保护》研究报告的一部分,总结了工信部、国家民用航空局、国家邮政局、国家质监总局等有关部委保护消费者的制度框架和投诉处理体系,这些做法和经验对金融领域的消费者保护具有一定的借鉴作用。     

营业准入制度的国别效应分析

营业准入制度的国别效应是指国际资本、跨国投资、国际产业分工和全球贸易对不同国家或地区营业准入制度设计、调整和变化的反应程度.以国际资本的流动为例,从静态来分析,表现为营业准入限制国的资本挤出效应和营业准入开放国的资本集聚效应;从动态来分析,则表现为营业准入限制国因制度调整而创造的投资洼地效应和营业准入开放国因制度供给过剩而产生的资本溢出效应.对欠发达国家和营业准入限制国来说,适度地对其营业准入制度进行有效的调整,选择自由、开放型营业准入制度,可以解决营业准入方面的制度不公和制度供给不足问题,进而以营业准入制度优势来换取国家竞争优势.     

Exploring professional identity: The perceptions of chartered accountant students

The aim of this paper is to explore the developing professional identity of the Chartered Accountant Student. It explores professional training through analysing the narratives of students. This qualitative study shows how students begin to develop their sense of professional identity through membership of communities of practice (Wenger, 1998) within the training organisations, rather than through the professional body. This novel approach to further understanding the professional development of the accounting trainee adds to current academic knowledge as the role of communities of practice, in this context, has not been previously explored. The views and perceptions of Chartered Accountant Students are also relevant to accounting professional bodies, training organisations and to those considering embarking on accounting training. In understanding this process those involved in training can facilitate and, therefore, potentially influence the process because understanding how trainees learn to be professional is central to how they will learn to contribute to professional life and to their future in society.