浅探我国预算会计制度改革

随着改革开放的不断深入,我国的预算会计环境发生了重大变化,预算会计制度在核算内容上出现了许多新情况,原来的核算内容及核算方法已不能适应新的变化,迫切需要对预算会计制度进行进一步改革和完善。文章从改革开放以来我国预算会计制度的改革入手,分析了现行预算会计制度存在的问题,进而提出了我国预算会计制度的改革思路。     

浅谈事业单位预算会计制度改革的思考

如何实施事业单位预算会计改革是我们当今面临的问题之一。文章对我国现行的预算会计制度进行探讨,并分析了我国预算会计制度改革的必然性和完善事业单位预算会计制度改革的建议。     

简析政府预算会计与政府财务会计的结合问题

一、我国现行的预算会计制度 改革开放以来,我国预算会计制度进行了多次修订和改进,特别是1998年制定发布了财政总预算、行政单位、事业单位等会计制度,建立起了现行预算会计制度体系,基本满足和适应了当时各级财政部门和行政、事业单位加强预算管理和会计核算的需要。     

我国预算会计制度改革思考

在我国,政府与非营利组织会计习惯称为预算会计。目前,我国的预算会计主要有财政总预算会计、行政单位会计和事业单位会计。我国1998年对原有的预算会计制度进行了全面的改革,而政府会计只有制度而无准则,由财政总预算会计制度和行政单位会计制度构成。本文分析了现行预算会计制度存在的主要问题,进而提出了加强我国政府会计理论研究的若干意见和建议,以期为推动我国预算会计制度改革和政府会计标准建设做好理论准备。     

中国政府预算会计制度改革

一、我国现行政府预算会计制度概况 我国现行政府预算会计是预算管理为中心,核算、反映和监督中央与地方各级政府预算以及行政事业单位收支预算执行情况的会计,是我国两大会计核算体系之一。我国的预算会计制度经过了50多年的不断完善和发展,现行的政府预算会计制度是在1997年     

对事业单位预算会计制度改革的思考

近年来随着我国经济的快速发展,我国事业单位预算会计制度也进行了一系列的改革.这一变革使得我国的财政、行政和一些事业单位的资金运作更加透明化.由于我国事业单位预算会计制度从之前的计划经济变成了如今的适应发展的市场经济,导致我国目前的事业单位预算会计制度仍然存在着众多的缺陷.本文将针对我国目前事业单位预算会计制度存在的缺陷进行分析,并据此给出相应的改进措施,希望可以给我国事业单位预算会计制度的改革提供参考.     

会计制度变化对事业单位预算管理的影响

预算管理是事业单位财务管理工作中的重要内容,预算管理不仅受事业单位自身管理水平影响,同时也受会计制度的制约。随着我国经济体制的不断改革,我国会计制度也发生了深刻的变化,其对事业单位预算管理也产生了深远而持久的影响。为了进一步了解新形势下的会计制度变化与事业单位预算管理,本文简单阐述了会计制度及预算管理相关概念,分析了会计制度的变化,并分析了会计制度变化对事业单位预算管理的影响。     

我国预算会计制度改革回顾与展望

政府预算会计制度是政府财政管理的重要组成部分,反映着预算管理体制的发展过程。建国以来,随着我国经济政治体制改革的不断深化,我国的预算管理体制发生了重大变化,从而促使政府预算会计制度的变迁。本文拟就我国预算会计制度的发展改革历程进行回顾,分析现行预算会计制度存在的问题,提出未来政府会计改革设想。     

关于政府预算会计与政府财务会计结合问题研究

一、我国政府预算会计和财务会计结合现状分析 我国现行政府预算会计执行的是1998年实施的包括政府总预算会计制度、行政单位会计制度和事业单位会计制度在内的预算会计制度体系。从表面上看，我国现行政府会计只有预算会计，没有财务会计，但实际上名不副实。一方面按照国际惯例，预算会计主要是对预算批准、执行进行反映。     

论我国政府会计体系的缺陷及改进

我国政府部门目前执行的是1998年实施的包括财政总预算会计制度、行政单位会计制度和事业单位会计制度在内的预算会计制度体系。现行的政府预算会计制度对于反映财政、财务收支活动、加强我国公共财政资金管理，发挥了十分积极的作用。但是随着改革开放的逐步深入。我国政府在活动的范围和规模方面，都经历了极大发展。尤其是随着政府职能的转换、公共财政体制的确立，使得现行的预算会计制度的不适应性也日益突出。     

French revolution and German circumspection: reforming budgeting and accounting in national governments

In France in 2001, a revolutionary budgeting and accounting reform of the central government was begun and, in 2006, introduced—it is now almost complete. In 2006, the German federal government began a similarly revolutionary budgeting and accounting reform, but abandoned it in 2010. We identify the similarities in technique between the two countries' reforms but also significant differences. The authors conclude that, notwithstanding the importance of accrual accounting in the French revolution and in the abortive German revolution, the resilience of the traditional budgetary accounting systems is striking.     

我国预算会计改革可行性的问卷调查研究

为评估我国预算会计改革的可行性并拓展相关研究领域,我们对我国预算会计信息的编报者和使用者进行了问卷调查。结果表明,我国现行收付实现制基础预算会计信息质量存在种种问题,这已成为预算会计改革的主要动机之一;权责发生制基础预算会计信息质量明显优于现行预算会计信息,因而在预算会计改革中引入权责发生制应是有益的选择;改革必然会面临诸多困难,势必产生改革成本。编报者和使用者对待改革的态度说明改革是可行的,因为改革的收益大于成本。改革的成本与收益会受到很多因素影响,所以相关决策者应注意改革方向、方式以及时机的选择。在上述研究结论的基础上,我们对我国预算会计改革的实施提出了初步的政策建议。     

支出周期:构造政府预算会计框架的逻辑起点——兼论我国政府会计改革的核心命题与战略次序

用以刻画预算运营流程的支出周期概念是构造预算会计框架最适当的逻辑起点。这一框架能清楚简明地表达各预算运营阶段的关键预算信息,并形成一个循环往复、逻辑严密的完整信息链,为监控预算执行过程、管理财政风险、改进决策制定和强化受托责任提供极大便利。主要由于缺乏清晰的支出周期概念,目前学界对预算会计的概念框架和信息结构的认识依然存在不少误区,可能导致对政府会计改革的核心命题和战略次序的迷失与偏差。     

Management accounting innovations for rationalizing the cost of services: The reassessment of cash and accrual accounting

ABSTRACT

Management accounting can be a useful tool in austerity government because it produces information about the costs of public services and can be used for informed decision-making. Spanish local governments are required to submit data on the cost of their services to central government, which publishes this information online. The calculation of costs is based on budgetary cash accounting instead of accrual accounting; therefore cash accounting is being used for decision-making and accrual accounting has no role in this process. This paper critically analyses the innovation from three perspectives: the use assigned to the cost information in the legal framework; the opinion of academics and experts; and the perception of professionals about the usefulness of the information produced with the new system.     

The budgetary interview: Intentional learning for students in governmental and non-profit accounting

Learning-to-learn skills are critical to the future success of accounting students. This paper reports on a budgetary interview exercise that helps students develop as intentional learners. Students select a government or non-profit agency to investigate, arrange an interview with an agency official to discuss the budgetary process, write a technical paper on what was learned, and record their reflections on the experience. The budgetary interview exercise was implemented with undergraduate students in governmental and non-profit accounting courses over four academic years (one course per year). Effectiveness of the exercise was assessed via content analysis of student papers and reflections. Results indicate the exercise was highly effective in helping students develop intentional learning skills. Furthermore, students successfully connected classroom material to “real-world” practice, and most students reflected on potential careers in governmental or non-profit sectors. Appendices provide materials that instructors may use to implement this exercise.     

我国政府预算会计系统的构建研究

政府预算会计是我国未来政府会计系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分。如何厘清预算与预算会计之间的关系,构建符合我国实际环境的预算会计系统是我国政府会计改革亟待解决的重大问题。本文在研究我国政府利益相关者信息需求与相关制度因素影响的前提下,调整并整合我国现行的财政总预算会计与行政(事业)单位会计,提出了新预算会计系统构建的总体目标与具体路径。     

我国政府会计改革的若干问题

文章系统分析了当前我国市场经济环境和改革开放的新形势对政府会计改革提出的要求 ,重点探讨了我国政府职能的转换、公共财政体制的改革、政府收支分类科目的变化、政府绩效评价制度的建设以及政府监督的加强等与政府会计改革之间的内在关系 ,提出了当前加大我国政府会计准则研究的必要性和紧迫性。文章还介绍了政府会计标准方面的国际惯例和我国政府会计改革与国际协调的问题。最后 ,文章就如何推进我国政府会计改革提出了若干亟需研究的问题     

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Most of the management accounting activity in local government has traditionally been thought of as being confined primarily to the requirements of budget preparation and budgetary control. The budget is generally recognised as being at the heart of planning, decision-making and control and yet there have been many examples of the limitations in conventional budgeting and budgetary control practices being pointed out. It might have been expected that the period of consistent financial stringency faced by local government from 1979 onwards would have quickly exposed any limitations and brought about changes. In reality it seems that the management accounting and budgeting practices in local government responded surprisingly slowly to the financial pressures and it is only with the relatively recent introduction of the 'private sector' philosophies of devolved management and market testing that widespread developments in management accounting have begun to occur. Many of these developments are still evolving and because of this it seemed inappropriate at this stage to attempt a cross-sectional survey of current practices. This paper therefore concentrates on the position in two specific local authorities and examines the current DSO accounting practices. In addition, the analysis undertaken by one of the authorities of the steps needed to implement internal trading accounts for financial support services is discussed and the interesting experimental attempt by one of the authorities to introduce zero base budgeting for a major service is also examined.     

Deviation-amplifying feedback and unintended consequences of management accounting systems

The concept of deviation-amplifying feedback is introduced, and its potential for providing insights into unintended consequences of management accounting systems is discussed. Specific applications of deviation-amplifying feedback to various aspects of a budgetary control system are explored. Then more general implications of deviation-amplifying feedback for management accounting systems are elaborated.     

Governmental budgeting as ex ante financial accounting: The United Kingdom case

For many years now the academic governmental-budgeting literature has concentrated almost exclusively on the politics and economics of the budgetary process at the expense of the mechanical foundations. Consequently, we see an interesting but insulated discussion about political involvement and about the strengths and weaknesses of planning models. What we do not see is a discussion of the accounting perspective. This paper offers such a discussion. It explains local government budgeting as “ex ante financial accounting” and offers some important implications of this re-interpretation.