新疆兵团农业科技扶贫运行机制创新研究

传统的农业科技扶贫运行机制影响了新疆生产建设兵团边境团场科技扶贫的绩效。本文在分析兵团现有运行机制主要问题的基础上,创新了科技扶贫运行机制,即“参与式”决策机制、投入保障机制、利益共享机制、激励与约束机制,以进一步加速兵团边境团场脱贫致富,推动兵团新型团场建设。     

试论搞好农业科技扶贫工作的思路与方法

兵团有６２个贫困团场,占团场总数的３６％,其中有４０个团场的扶贫工作被列入国家扶贫计划。科技扶贫在整个扶贫工作中占有重要地位,对扶贫团场的生产发展、技术应用及管理水平的提高、职工收入的增加起到了举足轻重的作用,得到了多方面的肯定,而且“靠科技应用实现...     

新疆兵团贫困团场脱贫政策研究

新疆兵团172个农牧团场有62个贫困团场．占36％。其中42个为国家扶贫困场，20个为兵团扶贫困场。1991年国家将兵团42个边境团场纳人国家扶贫开发计划，通过贴息贷款和以工代赈方式初步改善了生产条件，至1995年底有18个贫困团场基本脱贫。但因贫困团场自然环境恶劣，基础条件差，负担沉重，不少边境团场仍处于举步维艰的境地。“九五”期间，加大扶贫力度，实现全部脱贫将是一个非常艰巨的任务。一、扶贫现状自1991年国家正式把兵团列入国家扶贫开发计划以后，兵团制定了相应的扶贫目标：三年有明显变化，五年基本改变贫困面貌＊年跟上全国…     

新疆边境农牧团场扶贫效果调查研究

贫困是一个全球性的问题,被联合国列为社会发展三大问题之首.中国扶贫工作取得了举世瞩目的成绩,但扶贫成效的巩固、贫困地区的持续发展问题也很突出.兵团团场的贫困问题更有其复杂的自然、经济、政治等特殊背景,扶贫的难度更大.本文基于对具有代表性的边境贫困团场农九师的调查,通过对边境贫困团场的发展现状及问题,扶贫政策的落实及效果进行了实地调查和分析.进一步的了解到新疆边境农牧团场扶贫的效果及其原因,同时也为政府下一步的扶贫提供现实依据.     

改革开放30年：兵团农业、农牧团场的三次改革过程及五次科技飞跃

改革开放30年来,兵团农业、农牧团场经过了三次较大的改革过程,并获得了三次改革的重大突破,使农业、农牧团场的改革不断深化。从1980年至2008年,兵团农业进行了五次科技飞跃,每次科技飞跃都大大提高了农业生产力水平,致富了职工群众,发展壮大了农牧团场,增强了兵团屯垦戍边实力。该文主要就改革开放30年来,兵团农业、农牧团场经过的三次较大的改革过程以及兵团农业所进行的五次科技飞跃进行了梳理。     

新形势下兵团少数民族聚居团场扶贫开发战略研究

消除贫困、实现共同富裕,历来是党和政府高度重视和关心的重大民生问题,而民族团场因其地理区位、自然条件、发展历史、民族文化以及宗教信仰等原因,贫困问题有着自己的特殊性,消除贫困任务更加艰巨。文章在对民族团场扶贫开发再认识的基础上,着眼于兵团民族团场贫困的特点,通过对民族团场的扶贫效应进行分析,提出扶贫开发战略。     

对贫困农牧团场摆脱困境的思考

农牧团场是兵团农业的支柱,对新疆的建设和稳定发挥了重要作用。由于改革开放的进一步深入和国家对农产品价格的调整,目前仍有相当一部分农牧团场未能摆脱贫困,而负债累累,团场贫困的主要制约因素有以下几方面:一是团场基础条件较差;二是社会负担较重;三是退休工人逐年增多;四是土地大量碱化;五是观念滞后。致使贫困团场经营惨淡,举步维艰。因此,笔者认为,很有必要找出团场贫困的原因及对策,紧紧抓住国家提出的企业改革和三年脱困的两大目标,借“西部大开发”这一历史性机遇,最大限度地提高贫困团场的经济效益,增强贫困团场的市场生存能力和…     

新疆生产建设兵团贫困程度的测度与分析

以新疆生产建设兵团的平均纯收入为指标,用比例法和恩格尔系数法测度兵团13个师部,结果显示兵团的贫困程度较深,且贫富差距大。根据测度结果针对各贫困团场的贫困原因提出加大资金与技术支持,加强对贫困团场的教育支持力度,增强民族文化融合,有侧重地调整团场经济结构和做好扶贫开发规划的对策。     

兵团分类团场经济发展情况分析

本文主要分析了中心团场、小城镇团场、植棉团场、边境团场、贫困团场和少数民族团场在兵团经济发展中的现状与所起的作用,并提出了具体的发展思路。     

兵团边境团场深化改革加快发展问题的思考

由于地域、环境、资源、信息、资金等种种因素的制约,兵团边境团场的发展一直比较缓慢。已经严重阻滞了兵团团场整体经济的发展,是兵团团场经济社会发展中的重点和难点问题。该文主要对边境团场进行了调查和分析,并针对制约边境团场发展的突出问题提出了加快边境团场农业产业化、新型工业化建设;有针对性地加快农业结构调整步伐;实施农产品规模化、集约化经营战略;加快农产品流通体系建设;建立出口食品安全体系和农产品分级包装;进一步积极争取中央财政对边境团场的政策支持等解决途径和措施。     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Mix and sequencing of economywide and agricultural reforms: Chile and New Zealand

Once committed to economywide and sectoral reforms – stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization – and companion reforms of institutions, how does government best proceed? With what reforms in response to initial conditions, and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? This study examines what factors were most critical to success during transition in two early reformers. The economies of Chile and New Zealand have undergone seismic reforms, starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, respectively. Comparative analysis of their reforms look at the prior conditions that induced drastic action and the policy choices made in each country. Though similar in many respects, differences in initial economic conditions and implementation led to dissimilar, even contrary results. For Chile, the outcome was a vigorous, recharged economy and agricultural sector; for New Zealand, the economy and the sector are lagging still. How policy choice and implementation, as well as simultaneity of reforms, affected the outcomes is the major thrust of the study. The preeminence of trade and macroeconomic policies over sectoral interventions, and in particular the strategic nature of the real exchange rate in allowing agriculture to compete domestically and internationally highlight the discussion.