福建省县域乡村旅游竞争力评价

[目的]乡村旅游是现代旅游业发展的重要组成部分,县域单元是乡村旅游业的主要空间载体。以福建省84个县域单元为研究对象,在参考旅游竞争力相关研究的基础上,构建乡村旅游竞争力评价指标体系。[方法]采用主成分分析法进行定量分析,并在此基础上利用Geoda软件进行空间可视化和探索性空间分析。[结果]研究显示:福建省县域乡村旅游竞争力空间近邻效应十分明显,竞争力水平相似的县在空间上呈集聚分布态势;乡村旅游竞争力空间分布极不平衡,沿海地区明显高于内陆地区,二元结构明显;市场潜力竞争力空间分布与综合竞争力空间分布高度耦合,说明市场区位条件在乡村旅游开发中的作用显著;自身开发能力、农业资源特色、人文旅游资源、旅游知名度竞争力的优势区和劣势区呈零星分散分布。[结论]如何扬长避短,以县域为单元打造各具特色的乡村旅游产业集群、塑造乡村旅游整体品牌和客源市场的共享是提升整体竞争力的有效途径。     

甘肃省乡村旅游示范村空间分布及影响因素研究

[目的]通过考察并分析甘肃省乡村旅游示范村的空间分布特征以及影响因素,试图揭示其空间分布规律,为今后甘肃省乡村旅游示范村发展与布局提供科学依据,为西北地区其他省份乡村旅游发展提供参考借鉴。[方法]以甘肃省在建的206个乡村旅游示范村为研究对象,综合运用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、基尼系数、核密度分析、空间自相关等方法,研究甘肃省乡村旅游示范村空间分布规律,并剖析其影响因素。[结果]最邻近指数R=0.71,表现为凝聚型分布,地理集中指数Z=26.73,均匀度C=0.016,表现为非均衡集中分布;空间自相关分析未通过显著性检验;根据核密度分析的集聚程度,将示范村空间分布划分为三大片区,共形成5个中心区, 1个次中心区。[结论]甘肃省乡村旅游示范村整体呈凝聚型分布,区域分布呈现出非均衡集中型状态,空间自相关性不显著;乡村旅游示范村密度在空间上分布差异较大,呈现出多中心发展格局。乡村旅游示范村的分布格局受地形地貌与水文等自然因素以及政策、人口与经济、客源市场与交通、文化等人文因素共同影响。     

河南省城镇化时空格局及驱动力分析

[目的]通过分析城镇化时空格局及其驱动力用来表现河南省城镇化近10年状态,并通过驱动力分析其主要影响因素。[方法]文章选取人均GDP、财政收入、第三产业生产总值、全社会固定资产投资、在岗职工平均工资、各市参加医疗保险人口、天然气用气人口、各市普通高中毕业生、废水排放量、生活垃圾处理量、固体废物处理量、道路清扫保洁面积等12个指标构建综合指标体系,运用SPSS因子分析确定权重,测算2005~2015年河南省城镇化发展水平并分析其时空演变特征,在此基础上利用灰色关联度分析城镇化发展驱动力。[结果]河南省城镇化水平在时间维度上呈上升趋势,空间上表现为高城镇化水平集中在河南省西北部地区,有向东北部发展的趋势;低水平城镇化地区集中在河南省中南部地区且数量逐渐减少;中等水平的城镇化地区集中在河南省周边的地级市,数量逐渐增多,且有向高等城镇化水平发展的趋势;就驱动力影响力而言,市场机制高居第一,其次是政府作用、自身发展、外商投资。[结论]河南省城镇化水平空间差异显著,并受多种驱动力共同影响。     

郑州市乡村旅游资源空间分布及驱动力分析

［目的］从空间角度分析郑州市乡村旅游资源的分布情况，同时深入探讨其驱动力，全面推动区域乡村旅游的发展以及乡村振兴战略的实施。［方法］以郑州市为例，通过洛伦兹曲线、最邻近指数、地理联系率和基尼系数等定量研究方法分析乡村旅游资源空间分布情况，进而选取24个驱动力指标，通过计算相关性系数对驱动力进行分析。［结果］(1)郑州市乡村旅游资源空间分布较为集中，主要集中在惠济区、登封市、二七区等市区；(2)但各市区的乡村旅游资源空间分布存在一定的差异，其中中原区、二七区、金水区、惠济区、管城区、上街区的最邻近指数大于1，乡村旅游资源空间分布呈均匀型，巩义市、新郑市、登封市、新密市、荥阳市、中牟县、经开区、高新区、郑东新区、航空港区的最邻近指数小于1，乡村旅游资源空间分布呈凝聚型；(3)郑州市各区的地理联系率均在94%以上，基尼系数均小于0300，说明郑州市整体上乡村旅游资源空间分布较为均衡。(4)郑州市乡村旅游资源空间分布与24个驱动力指标均正向相关，其中乡村特有的景观、距离市中心的距离、乡村旅游基础设施、旅游村的数量、农民人均收入、民宿、停车场数量、道路标识系统的完整性和互联网覆盖率与乡村旅游资源空间分布的相关性显著（P<005）。［结论］乡村旅游空间分布受多个驱动力因素的影响，在不同发展时期有所差异，因此有必要优化调控驱动力系统，促进区域乡村旅游资源空间分布的合理化以及乡村旅游的健康持续发展。     

国际与国内乡村旅游研究比较与启示

[目的]我国正处于全面推进乡村振兴的关键期,乡村旅游是助推乡村振兴的重要抓手。系统梳理国内外乡村旅游研究进展,对比分析国内外乡村旅游研究的时空演化、学科融合等的差异与热点,为我国乡村旅游研究与实践提供指导借鉴,具有必要性和紧迫性。[方法]文章借助CiteSpace软件,以2000—2021年Web of Science (WOS)核心数据库和CNKI数据库的乡村旅游文献为研究样本,对国际与国内乡村旅游研究的时空特征、学术共同体和热点演进进行文献计量可视化分析和比较归纳。[结果]（1）从时间维度来看,国内外乡村旅游的发文数量均呈上升趋势,可分为萌芽期、探索期和成长期3个阶段。（2）从空间维度来看,美国、英国和西班牙等西方发达国家是国际乡村旅游研究的引领者,中国近年也位居前列。（3）从学科交叉融合来看,国际乡村旅游主要在经济学、政治学和社会学等学科背景下展开研究,并呈现与计算机科学、动物医学等跨学科研究态势。国内乡村旅游研究主要基于地理学、经济学和社会学等学科背景,多数机构呈个体点状研究状态。（4）从研究热点来看,国际上偏重市场运营导向的创新可持续发展研究。国内偏重战略政策引导下的乡村旅游...     

桂北地区乡村聚落空间演变特征及格局优化

[目的]由于新型城镇化的不断深入,中国传统乡村聚落空间演变加剧并面临重构,研究桂北地区乡村聚落空间演变特征,为丰富乡村聚落的市域空间格局地理信息系统,以及对广西乡村发展和乡村聚落的转型提供理论参考和实践借鉴。[方法]采用核密度估计法及GIS空间分析方法,以2001年、2006年、2011年、2016年为时间节点,对表征乡村聚落空间规模的聚落人口密度进行测算与分析,通过对比分析确定桂北地区近15年乡村聚落在空间上的演变特征。[结果](1) 2001—2016年桂北地区乡村聚落分布密度总体呈下降趋势,且下降遵循"由西向东"的规律,即西部地区分布密度先下降,继而中部地区下降,最后是东部地区分布密度下降;(2)聚落的分布特点由全区域范围内规模分布趋向于集中分布,最终呈"C"状集中分布在东部地区,即桂林和贺州两市。[结论]桂北地区乡村聚落空间格局存在聚落密度依然较大、乡村建设"重西部,轻东部"、演化周期长的问题。基于此提出优化策略:优化桂北地区乡村聚落空间格局,密度升"级";加强"C"区建设;优先建设小城镇,促进就地城镇化。     

京津冀区域乡村旅游发展环境差异及权衡协同关系

[目的]在碳达峰碳中和目标下探讨乡村旅游发展环境的区域差异,促进乡村旅游业实现可持续绿色发展,有效把握京津冀乡村旅游发展环境的宏观态势。[方法]文章构建京津冀乡村旅游发展环境评价指标体系,运用变异系数法和地理探测器分析京津冀乡村旅游发展环境的时空动态差异,进一步采用Spearman相关分析探究乡村旅游亚系统的权衡协同关系及权衡程度。[结果]（1） 2009—2019年京津冀区域乡村旅游发展环境整体呈趋好性发展态势,乡村旅游发展环境亚系统作用强度不均衡,趋势变动最为明显的是呈上升趋势的资源环境和呈下降趋势的发展成效,区域间乡村旅游发展环境的变异系数逐渐缩小,空间格局由四周高中间低向中间高四周低演变;（2）各维度对发展影响力差异显著,生态环境和资源环境为强等作用维度层,经济环境为中等作用维度层,社会环境为弱等作用强度层。绝大多数双因子的组合结果均优于单因子的作用强度,即京津冀乡村旅游发展环境差异是多因子组合作用的结果。[结论]京津冀乡村旅游发展环境系统相对协调,但也面临经济发展与生态保护冲突、社会发展和旅游发展成效联系度不强,互动促进作用弱而独立性强的问题。     

北京市乡村旅游空间分布及发展评价

[目的]简要分析北京市乡村旅游的空间分布特征,并对其发展做出详尽评价,以期对今后北京市乡村旅游产业的发展提供指导和借鉴。[方法]根据北京市旅游发展委员会公布的2010~2016年共7批,总共656家北京市乡村旅游特色业态、民俗户、民俗村为研究对象,采用地理信息系统(GIS)研究其空间分布,采用层次分析法(AHP)对其发展做出评价。[结果](1)北京市乡村旅游特色业态、民俗村(户)主要分布在北京8个郊区和2个县,其空间分布不均衡,属较集中分布,大兴区分布密度最大,其次为昌平、平谷、通州、延庆、怀柔、密云、顺义、房山、门头沟;(2)北京自身资源、生态环境基础是决定北京市乡村旅游发展的最主要因素;(3)北京市乡村旅游发展易受到资源、环境、空间的刚性约束,目前处于停滞不前的瓶颈期。[结论]在市场已经趋于饱和的情况下,如何利用有限的土地和旅游资源发展具有北京特色的乡村旅游,追求质的提升是出路,因此北京市发展乡村旅游转型升级是关键。     

重庆市乡村旅游资源空间特征及其与乡村振兴关系研究

[目的]探究重庆市乡村旅游资源的结构类型和空间特征,分析乡村旅游资源数量与乡村振兴之间的关系,对重庆市乡村旅游产业发展和促进乡村振兴具有指导意义。[方法]文章利用GIS技术定量分析重庆市乡村旅游资源的空间分布特征,通过空间分布模型探究乡村旅游资源空间分布的聚集程度,利用地理联系率探析人口规模和经济发展水平与乡村旅游资源分布的配合度。采用回归模型从整体上对重庆市乡村旅游资源数量与乡村振兴的关系进行分析,利用Pearson相关系数对不同经济发展区域关系进行研究,试图得到乡村旅游资源数量与乡村振兴的辩证关系。[结果]重庆市乡村旅游资源具有4种类型,农事体验类所占的比重最大,达到43.46%,乡村文化类所占比重最低为2.30%。乡村旅游空间布局特征结果表明重庆市4种乡村旅游类型在空间上的分布存在较大的区域差异,都呈现集中分布, 4种类型的景点与人口和经济的配合度较高。回归分析结果表明,乡村旅游资源数量与休闲农业和乡村旅游接待人次、农村卫生厕所普及率、村综合性文化服务中心覆盖率、县级以上文明村和乡镇占比和农村居民人均纯收入之间存在均衡关系。Pearson相关性分析结果表明除休闲农业和乡村旅游接待人次外,乡村旅游资源数量仅与农村居民人均纯收入之间存在低度相关性,不同经济区相关系数差异较大。[结论]综合以上研究结果,乡村旅游资源的空间分布特征既受当地经济发展的影响,同时又促进当地经济的发展,表明重庆市乡村旅游资源对乡村振兴具有一定的促进作用。建议在今后的发展中应拓展乡村旅游类型,提高乡村文化类景点的数量和比重,促进重庆市乡村旅游产业的均衡发展,实现不同经济区乡村经济的协调发展。     

基于精准扶贫的四川省乡村旅游驱动力分析

[目的]发展乡村旅游是实现精准扶贫的有效途径,基于精准扶贫背景对四川省乡村旅游驱动力进行分析和评价,以期为四川省乡村旅游健康可持续发展提供一定的启示。[方法]文章对四川省旅游扶贫的基本情况进行了概括,并总结出了目前四川省乡村旅游扶贫面临的主要问题和弊端,然后根据问题和专家意见采用层次分析法构建了基于精准扶贫的四川省乡村旅游驱动力指标评价体系,确定了指标权重,进行分析。[结果]根据四川省旅游扶贫主要问题和专家意见归纳出影响四川省乡村旅游的驱动力主要体现在政府推广力、乡村旅游吸引力、游客需求力等3个方面。从上述3种驱动不同指标的权重值分析得出,3种驱动力中乡村旅游的吸引力最为重要,其次为游客需求性,最后是政府的推动作用。而乡村旅游吸引力中的区位条件、生态环境与基础设施完善度是影响吸引力的重要因素;游客旅游动机和信息来源是影响游客需求的主导原因;政府的监督管理与科学引导是实现推动力的主要体现。[结论]四川省乡村旅游扶贫发展前景无限,潜力巨大。由于四川省乡村旅游经济与发展动力不足,应充分利用乡村旅游资源作为区域经济发展的主导方向,明确乡村旅游发展的驱动力,努力提升驱动力水平。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.