ANOTHER LOOK AT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION PROXIES*

Shortcomings in the treatment of intangible investment in company accounts imply that there is no statistical collection for innovative activity which abides by the logic used for other economic activity data. As a consequence, analysts rely on innovation proxies derived from administrative and survey data. However, it is still unclear exactly how the different proxies are correlated, and whether the choice amongst different proxies matters. In the light of the innovation measurement, this paper takes another look at the relationship between different proxies of firm innovation. The results show that firm‐level correlations between survey‐based indicators and other proxies for innovation are highest for manufacturing firms and for product innovations.     

The Complex Inequality–Innovation–Public Investment Nexus: What We (Don’t) Know,What We Should Know and What We Have to Do

In this paper, we deal with the complex relationship connecting inequality to innovation, and the ways through which public investment can affect it. We first stress that inequality and innovation may interact in many different ways. The positive relation that part of the economic theory often assumes to exist between (initially) rising inequality and improving innovation performances emerges as only one among many other far less virtuous dynamic trajectories. We then analyse the specific case of the US. We put emphasis on the possible perverse effects that the financialization of the US economy may have on the inequality–innovation nexus. We note that the US developmental state—very often neglected by the economic literature—can effectively mitigate such undesirable outcomes. According to our interpretation of recent developments in the US economy, the widespread belief in the positive pro-innovation effects of fierce cut-throat remuneration systems may prove to be ungrounded.     

联结强度与技术创新模式：企业间信任的中介作用

关于合作关系对合作创新的影响,现有研究大多局限于单一的社会网络视角,对网络层次的关系特征如何通过双边层次的关系质量影响技术创新模式的过程欠缺机理性认识。结合社会网络、社会资本和知识转移理论,分析网络联结强度、企业间信任以及技术创新模式三者间关系。利用327份来自全国多地的制造及高新技术企业数据,采用结构方程模型检验方法对研究假设进行检验。结果表明：相对于经济型信任,强联结会带来更多情感型信任;情感型信任更有利于渐进式创新,经济型信任更有利于突破式创新;联结强度对渐进式创新的作用是通过情感型信任传递的,而联结强度对突破式创新的作用是通过经济型信任传递的。     

Does bank shareholding impact corporate innovation? Evidence from China

Corporate innovation is an engine of economic development, while bank shareholding is the phenomenon of having a bank as a shareholder. Their relationship, however, has been underexamined. We provide the first study on the direct impact of bank shareholding on corporate innovation. Using patents granted to Chinese firms from 1999 to 2013, our findings suggest that bank shareholding significantly contributes to corporate innovation. Additional analysis suggests that easing financial constraints can facilitate the positive impacts of bank shareholding on corporate innovation. We also find that bank shareholding works better when firms have effective external monitoring and when they are nonstate-owned firms with nonstate-owned banks as shareholders. We contribute to the literature by showing that (1) despite the restrictions some countries impose on bank shareholding, allowing it could be a good economic policy for promoting corporate innovation, and (2) successful corporate innovation requires proper monitoring and incentives.     

Economic Integration,Monopoly Power and Productivity Growth without Scale Effects

This paper considers how monopoly power affects the relationship between economic integration and economic growth that is not biased by a scale effect. In a two‐country model of trade, productivity growth is generated by firm‐level investment in process innovation, and the location of economic activity is determined by relative market size, trade costs and imperfect knowledge diffusion. Equilibrium features the partial concentration of manufacturing and the full concentration of innovation in the larger country. Increased economic integration raises the concentration of manufacturing in the larger country, and when monopoly power is strong, leads to decreased product variety, accelerated productivity growth and greater national welfare. With weak monopoly power, however, it raises product variety and dampens productivity growth, but may benefit or hurt welfare.     

家族信托设立影响家族企业创新投资吗

以家族企业创新投资决策为研究对象，考察家族信托设立如何影响家族企业创新投资，以及两者关系是否在不同成长经历的企业主之间存在差异。结果发现：家族信托设立有助于促进家族企业创新投资；在有过贫困生活经历的企业主中，家族信托与家族企业创新投资间的正向关系更显著。同时，相对于具有体制内工作经历的企业主，在没有体制内工作经历的企业主中，家族信托与家族企业创新投资间的正向关系更显著。研究结论可为理解如何激励家族企业创新投资提供新的研究视角和理论解释。     

科技创新效率与区域经济韧性交互分析——基于珠三角地区的实证

测算珠三角地区科技创新活动研发和经济产出两阶段效率,探讨两阶段效率在时空上的异质性。构建包含科技创新效率、经济韧性和产业多样化的联立方程组,对三者关系进行分析。结果发现,珠三角地区科技创新研发与经济产出效率在空间上存在显著异质性;科技创新效率有助于增强经济韧性,经济韧性也可以提高科技创新效率;现阶段珠三角地区产业相关多样性通过降低研发阶段效率间接削弱经济韧性,无关多样性则与之相反。研究结论对于珠三角地区乃至全国各地提高科技创新活动效率、推动创新驱动发展战略实施、构建区域经济韧性具有重要意义。     

专利战略情境下企业技术知识基础多元度对创新绩效的影响效应

在当今竞争格局中,专利是技术创新的重要载体,专利战略必然成为企业参与全球竞争的重要手段。通过建立专利战略情境、技术知识基础多元度及知识整合能力对创新绩效的影响效应模型,采用负二项回归法进行实证检验。研究结果显示：企业技术知识基础多元度通过知识整合能力影响创新绩效,而专利申请动机在上述过程中存在显著调节作用。具体为：①国际市场开拓、谈判筹码以及声誉动机均负向调节技术知识基础相关多元度与创新绩效关系;②阻挡动机、国际市场开拓、谈判筹码以及声誉动机对企业技术知识基础非相关多元度与技术创新绩效关系具有显著负向调节作用;③阻挡动机强化了企业技术知识基础相关多元度与技术创新绩效之间的正向关系。     

Financial innovation,economic growth,and the consequences of macroprudential policies

We leverage a ‘catch-all’ measure of financial innovation—research and development spending in the financial sector—to assess the net relationship between financial innovation and economic growth and evaluate the influence of macroprudential policy on this relationship. Using a panel of 23 countries over the period of 1996–2014, our results demonstrate a net-positive relationship between financial innovation and gross capital formation. We find no evidence of a net-negative impact of financial innovation on economic growth, challenging the popular and political stigma surrounding financial innovation. We also find little robust evidence of macroprudential policy influencing the relationship between financial innovation and economic growth. Our results support a functional approach to the regulation of financial innovation, which improves the intermediation process, leading to increased capital formation.     

绿色创新与经济增长动态关系研究——基于VAR模型的实证分析

基于湖北省1993—2018年相关数据,运用VAR模型对绿色创新与经济增长的动态关系进行实证研究,同时将绿色创新分为发明专利授权和实用新型专利授权两个要素。研究发现,经济增长与发明专利授权、实用新型专利授权存在长期协整关系;发明专利授权对经济增长存在“扩散效应”,实用新型专利授权对经济增长先体现“扩散效应”,后体现“挤出效应”,而经济增长对两者均具有“扩散效应”;发明专利授权对经济增长的促进作用明显大于实用新型专利授权对经济增长的促进作用。因此,应积极构建绿色创新与经济增长的长效互动机制;加大绿色创新开发投入,完善绿色创新相关制度;提升绿色创新的投入效率,加速绿色创新成果转化率。     

西部地区的能源开发与经济增长——基于“资源诅咒”假说的实证分析

本文应用"资源诅咒"理论假说,通过1991—2006年的省际面板数据对西部地区的能源开发与经济增长之间的相关性及其传导机制进行了计量检验和分析。研究结果表明:自进入上世纪90年代以来,西部地区的能源开发与经济增长之间存在显著的负相关性,能源开发确实带来了"资源诅咒"效应;虽然实施西部大开发战略前能源开发负向作用于对外开放度、科技创新和人力资本投入,但"诅咒"效应尚未明显产生,而实施大开发后能源开发对科技创新和人力资本投入的负向作用有所增强,从而导致诅咒效应明显出现。通过进一步的实证考察,我们发现能源开发在西部主要通过其对科技创新和人力资本投入的挤出效应,以及滋生寻租和腐败而引起的政治制度弱化效应这三种间接传导途径来阻碍经济增长,其中人力资本投入是作用最强的传导因素。     

Study on Coupling Coordination between Sci-Tech Innovation and High-Quality Economic Development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Sci-tech innovation is an important measure for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area to achieve high-quality economic development. Theoretically, there is a coupling coordination relationship between sci-tech innovation and high-quality economic development, and coordinating the relationship between the two is beneficial to building the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area into an international innovation and technology hub and promoting high-quality economic development. At present, the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area has seen a year-on-year increase in both the level of sci-tech innovation and the level of high-quality economic development, with a sound development trend. Its coupling coordination degree between sci-tech innovation and high-quality economic development has steadily improved from a slightly uncoordinated stage to a primarily coordinated stage, but the overall degree of coordination is still not high, with some gaps from realizing the excellently coordinated stage. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the internal development of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area is unbalanced, with obvious differences in development level and coupling coordination degree among cities. The convergence analysis shows that the differences in the coupling coordination degree among the cities in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area have stabilized after narrowing during the study period. However, the difference among the cities with higher coupling coordination degrees tends to widen in recent years. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to promote the coordination between sci-tech innovation and high-quality economic development in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area.     

Matchmaking as multi-sided market for open innovation

An obvious task in open innovation is to find suitable partners for collaboration. In this paper we present results from three participatory case studies of identifying and matching technology firms for collaborative innovation projects. We observe that matchmaking is a more complex process than an (online) market transaction. The cases show how innovation intermediaries organise the matching process as external service-providers and what economic contribution they can have. The paper conceptualises matchmaking for collaborative innovation as economic resource allocation process in the shape of a multi-sided market which involves the innovation partners and intermediaries. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications that such a conceptual lens opens for exploratory technology analysis projects and the management of matching processes for innovation partnership formation.     

智力资本要素内部契合对探索式创新和利用式创新的影响

为探究知识经济时代企业如何充分利用智力资本提升创新水平,基于人-组织契合理论,构建智力资本跨维度契合影响创新战略理论模型,运用回归分析法,对中国246家高技术企业样本进行实证分析。结果发现,组织资本与人力资本辅助性契合对利用式创新具有正向影响;社会资本正向调节组织资本与人力资本辅助性契合对利用式创新和探索式创新的影响;组织资本、人力资本和社会资本补充性契合正向影响双元型创新。     

要素市场扭曲抑制了绿色创新效率提升吗——高技术产业集聚的调节效应

中共十九大报告指出,要素市场化配置是经济体制改革的重点。利用2003—2019年中国省际面板数据,采用面板固定效应模型和门槛回归方法,实证研究要素市场扭曲、绿色创新效率与高技术产业集聚之间的关系。结果表明,要素市场扭曲会阻碍绿色创新效率提升,高技术产业集聚能够显著促进绿色创新效率提升,并削弱要素市场扭曲对绿色创新效率提升的抑制作用。门槛效应表明,在高技术产业集聚程度较高的情况下,要素市场扭曲对绿色创新效率的抑制作用会被扭转。以上结果均表现出显著的区域异质性。     

创新网络关系治理对科技型中小企业突破性创新的影响机理

创新网络关系治理、知识场活性在科技型中小企业突破性创新过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。以“网络-知识-创新”为逻辑框架,构建了创新网络关系治理、知识场活性与科技型中小企业突破性创新的概念框架及研究假设,通过大样本数据调查,运用区间数拓展DEMATEL、SmartPLS结构方程模型对概念框架进行了信效度检验和结构方程模型分析。结果显示,创新网络关系治理（共生行为、联结强度和影响策略）对知识场活性具有显著正向影响;知识场活性与科技型中小企业突破性创新之间具有显著正向关系。     

Management and the representative firm revisited: the modern significance of Marshall's evolutionary economics

In an essay written in honour of Peter Swann, it is second nature to discuss some aspects of the economics of innovation, as that is the very challenging area of economic life where he has added so much to our understanding. I will attempt to do this by posing the problem of how innovation fits into the theory of value. Innovation research continues apace, but its broader systemic implications for how we understand the dynamics of capitalism are in danger of being overlooked. But two important economists, Schumpeter and Marshall, have seen the problem differently and built innovation into their theoretical schemes from the start. Marshall's theory of evolutionary change provides a natural focus for our discussion, and this is reflected in his treatment of management, in his use of the representative firm and in the variation-cum-selection dynamics of his open competitive process. We treat each of these topics and show how his evolutionary dynamics can be expressed in the Fisher/Price dynamics of evolutionary change. More generally, the key to economic development is the uneven nature of innovation and it is the uneven nature that gives economic transformation its evolutionary character. This, I suggest, is the proper legacy of Marshalls economics.     

技术管理能力对突破性技术创新行为的影响：环境动荡性与竞争敌对性的联合调节效应

利用突破性技术创新实现“弯道超车，后发制人”是我国经济高质量发展的必由之路。突破性技术创新的成功离不开创新行为的实施，如何促进突破性技术创新行为成为理论和实践上亟待解决的问题。探索技术管理能力对突破性技术创新行为的影响，分析环境动荡性对技术管理能力与突破性技术创新行为间关系的调节作用，以及竞争敌对性对环境动荡性调节作用的调节效应。研究表明，技术管理能力对突破性技术创新行为具有显著正向影响，环境动荡性在技术管理能力与突破性技术创新行为的关系中起正向调节作用；竞争敌对性能够强化环境动荡性的正向调节作用。     

产业集聚与经济增长质量——基于全球82个国家和地区面板数据的实证分析

本文通过五个维度构建了国家层面的经济增长质量指标体系,采用熵值法测算了全球82个国家和地区的经济增长质量指数,并在此基础上实证研究了产业集聚与经济增长质量的关系。研究发现：制造业集聚与服务业集聚水平的提高有助于改善一国的经济增长质量,但两者对经济增长质量的影响渠道有所不同。服务业集聚对经济增长质量的影响在不同类型国家之间存在异质性,即服务业集聚程度的增加能够明显改善非OECD国家和地区的经济增长质量,但对OECD国家和地区的经济增长质量影响不显著。此外,FDI对制造业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系以及对服务业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系,分别具有正向调节效应和负向调节效应,而人力资本水平对制造业集聚和服务业集聚与一国经济增长质量的关系均具有正向调节效应。本文的研究结论对于如何制定相关产业政策以推动经济高质量发展具有重要的参考价值。     

产业集聚、技术创新与城市经济动力

构建一个基于企业内生创新的具有正反馈效应的城市经济动力系统,旨在阐明产业集聚、技术创新与城市经济的关系。产业集聚的确有利于创新的产生,但绝非必然,甚至有时还会由于知识拥挤导致经济停滞。技术生命周期理论可以帮助我们解释产业集聚与创新集聚间的关系。城市提供创新激励,然而因吸收能力不同企业创新绩效也存在差异,这是城市经济差异的重要原因。