Competitive bidding and proprietary information

We consider the sale of an object by sealed-bid auction, when one bidder has private information and the others have access only to public information. The equilibria of the bidding game are determined, and it is shown that at equilibrium the informed bidder's distribution of bids is the same as the distribution of the maximum of the others' bids. The expected profit of the informed bidder is generally positive, while the other bidders have zero expected profits. The equilibrium bid distributions and the bidders' expected profits are shown to vary continuously in the parameters of the bidding game.     

大型复杂EPC项目的应标策略探讨

针对现今大型复杂EPC项目应标,结合多次投标经验,总结投标技巧和注意事项,为提高公司尤其是集团公司对大型复杂EPC项目投标工作提供参考。     

Rational plunging and the option value of sequential investment: The case of petroleum exploration

The potential to invest sequentially in related assets creates a tradeoff between diversification and concentration. Loading a portfolio with correlated assets has the potential to inflate variance, but also creates information spillovers and real options that may augment total return and mitigate variance. We examine this tradeoff in the context of petroleum exploration. Using a simple model of geological dependence, we show that the value of learning options creates incentives for investors to plunge into dependence; i.e., to assemble portfolios of highly correlated exploration prospects. Risk-neutral and risk-averse investors are distinguished not by the plunging phenomenon, but by the threshold level of dependence that triggers such behavior. Aversion to risk does not imply aversion to dependence. Indeed the potential to plunge should be larger for risk-averse investors than for risk-neutral investors. We test the empirical validity of our theory by examining bidding activity in petroleum lease sales. We find significant plunging behavior across a broad sample of oil companies. We also find that privately-held firms pursue even more concentrated (less diversified) prospect portfolios than publicly-held firms—which we attribute to risk aversion rather than size.     

船闸闸室墙体“病理”分析

水工检测手段可以实现对船闸的体检,将船闸闸室墙体存在的病理问题检查出来,保证其正常运转。本文对船闸闸室墙体存在的问题进行了分析,并指出产生此种问题的原因所在,进而提出了相应的解决措施。     

综合评分模式下的竞争性项目投标报价博弈分析

为提高施工企业在激烈竞争情况下的投标中标率并最大程度保证项目利润空间,本文构建一种基于博弈分析的投标报价模型。在资料充足并了解对手的情况下,利用本文构建的投标报价模型进行报价便可极大的提高中标几率并尽可能保证项目利润空间。     

浅谈工程施工投标技巧

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,企业如何提高中标率以及如何在投标中获取最大的利润等都已经成为人们较为关注的重点,其中投标的编制技巧与报价策略都成为投标单位较为关注的热门话题,而投标策略和技巧在中标率较高的施工企业中有着不可忽视的作用。投标技巧主要就是以投标人在投标过程中需要关注的问题为重点。     

A note on Balestra's (1980) approximate estimator for the first-order moving average process

An approximate procedure, based on Balestra's stated assumptions, is developed. The new method is shown to have superior performance to the approximate procedure developed by Balestra for small sample sizes when the value of the moving average parameter, C, is between zero and 0.50. For C in this region, the new method is also shown to be nearly as good as the exact procedure.     

On the lowest-winning-bid and the highest-losing-bid auctions

Theoretical models of multi-unit, uniform-price auctions assume that the price is given by the highest losing bid. In practice, however, the price is usually given by the lowest winning bid. We derive the equilibrium bidding function of the lowest-winning-bid auction when there are k objects for sale and n bidders with unit demand, and prove that it converges to the bidding function of the highest-losing-bid auction if and only if the number of losers n−k gets large. When the number of losers grows large, the bidding functions converge at a linear rate and the prices in the two auctions converge in probability to the expected value of an object to the marginal winner.     

工程项目设备招标中的价值工程应用

本文研究了工程项目设备招标的一种新方法,该方法把模糊综合评价理论与价值工程原理相结合,本文以某建设项目中的电梯招标为案例背景,介绍了该方法的应用。通过该方法应用,降低了采购成本,取得了良好经济效益。     

独立董事网络位置、税收规避与企业价值

独立董事的治理效果影响着上市公司的治理状况,本文从独立董事网络的声誉机制和信息传递机制出发,选取2008?2017年沪深A股上市公司作为研究样本,实证检验独立董事网络位置与企业税收规避的关系。研究发现:独立董事网络位置对企业税收规避有负向影响;与所处地区市场化程度较高的公司相比,所处地区市场化程度较低的上市公司独立董事网络中心度对公司税收规避程度的影响更强;管理层权力削弱了独立董事网络中心度对企业税收规避程度的抑制作用。进一步引入企业价值后发现,独立董事网络中心度可以抑制税收规避对企业价值的减损。本文的研究结果完善了税收规避行为价值的研究体系,也为研究独立董事是否有效发挥治理作用提供了新思路。     

浅谈施工企业投标策略和技巧

近年来,随着市场经济的快速发展,建筑行业之间的竞争越来越激烈,施工企业的投标策略和技巧显得尤为重要,本文就施工企业的投标策略和技巧进行了浅谈。     

我国房地产上市公司绩效测算与比较

为了解我国房地产企业的绩效状况,以经济增加值作为绩效的代表指标,选取沪深A股91家房地产上市公司为样本,测算其2001-2012年绩效并开展产业内外的对比分析。结果显示：（1）2001—2012年,以经济增加值衡量的样本房地产上市公司绩效均值为0．99,不同房地产上市公司之间绩效差异程度较大,低于平均绩效水平的样本公司数量较多,样本公司的绩效均值在2006年以前为负,2006年以后为正;（2）房地产上市公司的绩效均值高于建筑业上市公司但低于制造业上市公司,不同所有权结构、地域和主营业务的公司绩效均值差异较大。     

How Governments Promote Monopolies: Public Procurement in India

Government officials exert tremendous power when they buy goods and services from private companies. By setting the terms and conditions under which public procurement takes place, public officials help determine which companies will thrive and which ones will fail. This is one of the important ways governments help create and sustain monopolies in the private sector. But since the bidding process to sell products or services to the government is supposed to be an open and fair competition, how does it become skewed toward businesses that already dominate markets? We examine a particular source of bias: the eligibility criteria for bidding in public procurement tenders. These criteria often allow a few large, private companies to bid on government contracts, but they exclude a large number of small and medium‐sized enterprises. We study the terms by which offers are solicited in India through tenders floated for transportation projects: roads, highways, bridges, and civil construction. We find that the eligibility criteria impose an unnecessarily heavy burden on small firms, potentially knocking them out of the competition and discouraging them from participating in other procurement processes. In this way, the process reinforces monopolies instead of breaking them up. While this study focuses on India, the results also apply to similar economies.     

Improving Electricity Market Price Forecasting with Factor Models for the Optimal Generation Bid

In liberalized electricity markets, the electricity generation companies usually manage their production by developing hourly bids that are sent to the day‐ahead market. As the prices at which the energy will be purchased are unknown until the end of the bidding process, forecasting of spot prices has become an essential element in electricity management strategies. In this article, we apply forecasting factor models to the market framework in Spain and Portugal and study their performance. Although their goodness of fit is similar to that of autoregressive integrated moving average models, they are easier to implement. The second part of the paper uses the spot‐price forecasting model to generate inputs for a stochastic programming model, which is then used to determine the company's optimal generation bid. The resulting optimal bidding curves are presented and analyzed in the context of the Iberian day‐ahead electricity market.     

Scale Efficiency in Canadian Trust Companies

A new method for estimating a relative scale function is derived which does not require the specification or estimation of the firm's cost function. The method is applied to a panel of Canadian trust companies for the years 1985–1988. Results show that the industry scale function is convex with respect to firm size, as measured by the firm's assets. The method avoids a number of shortcomings associated with traditional studies of scale economies in financial institutions.     

企业竞争新战略:逆向物流

社会环境和市场竞争都给企业带来开展逆向物流的压力。积极应对的企业将其视为带给企业竞争优势的新战略。本文论述了企业开展逆向物流获得竞争优势的方法，通过按照不同类型的企业开展不同的逆向物流策略对企业进行归类，为我国企业实施逆向物流提供了参考。     

公路建设项目成本控制方法分析

随着我国市场经济制度的不断发展和完善,建筑市场的竞争日趋激烈。在现有的工程量清单计价模式和招投标制度下,施工企业如何增收节支、挖潜增效,如何获取最佳利润,是当今公路工程项目最值得思考的问题。本文通过分析目前常用的成本控制方法,最后提出全过程成本控制方法,在一定程度上控制了公路建设项目成本,为成本控制提供了一种新的可借鉴的方法。     

优序图法在投标项目选择中的应用研究

随着市场经济的深入发展和工程投标制的实行,对施工企业来说,投标已成为获得施工任务和求生存谋发展的主要手段和方式。本文将优序图法应用到投标过程中,通过建立合理的模型,确定投标项目各个指标的权重,计算投标项目的投标机会总分,从而有效的帮助施工企业在投标项目的选择中作出较为准确的判断。     

The Valuation of Management Control Systems in Start-Up Companies: International Field-Based Evidence

Abstract

The question of whether management control systems (MCSs) adopted by start-up companies are valuable is examined. We investigate an international sample of start-ups, including their detailed MCS adoptions and financing histories. We find that higher MCS intensity, which is measured as the number of systems adopted at year-end immediately prior to the financing round, has a positive impact on company value. We also find that equity financiers value MCS more than do debt financiers. The valuation implication is more pronounced for start-up companies operating in highly competitive environments and with higher growth. We also document a positive relation between change in MCS intensity and change in firm value. Additional analyses show that higher company valuation is found for companies that align their MCS choices with their strategic positioning. In particular, systems that implement strategy are perceived to be more important and valuable than others. Overall, our paper provides new evidence for the debate concerning the merits of formal control in start-up companies.     

Emerging Australian Biotechnology Companies: Globalizing or Just Playing?

The biotechnology industry is seen as one of the most globalized. It is also an industry dominated by SMEs in most countries. It would be expected then that these biotechnology SMEs themselves would be global in their focus. It is the intent of this research to understand the globalization issues that are encouraging biotechnology companies to go global, whether these companies really are truly global companies, and if not, at which stage of the globalization process these companies are operating. The study is undertaken using secondary quantitative data on all the publicly listed biotechnology companies in Australia that have undertaken some form of internationalization, based on 2003/4 annual reports. The main conclusion from the research is Australian biotechnology companies are still in an immature stage of development in the globalization process. The companies’ market strategies are directed at profitable countries and regions, such as the USA and Europe. This neglects other markets that are more accessible and can provide much needed early income streams. The internationalization effort of Australian biotechnology companies is only partial and could not be considered to be a true globalization effort.