新农村建设下农业信息化人才的培养

新农村建设下，我国农村不断向信息化、市场化方向发展，农村信息化有助于加速推广农业科技及劳动成果，健全农业服务体系，优化相关经济结构。基于此，文章首先介绍了农业信息化的内涵，然后阐述了新农村建设下加强农业信息化人才培养的必要性，接着分析了当期农业信息化人才培养中面临的主要问题，最后提出了新农村建设下农业信息化人才培养对策，以期为新农村建设提供可靠的农业信息化人才支持。     

新农村建设视角下的我国农业电子商务发展策略

建设社会主义新农村是中央做出的重大决策,本文从新农村建设的视角下研究农业电子商务,认为发展农业电子商务是解决我国三农问题,建设新农村的有效途径,并在分析我国农业电子商务发展现状的基础上,提出我国新农村建设中的农业电子商务的基本策略.     

又好又快发展现代农业 积极促进新农村建设——“新农村建设中的现代农业发展高层论坛”会议综述

党的十六届五中全会提出建设社会主义新农村这一重大历史任务之后，2007年中央“一号文件”进一步明确了新农村建设的首要任务是建设现代农业。“推进现代农业建设，顺应我国经济发展的客观趋势，符合当今世界农业发展的一般规律，是促进农民增加收入的基本途径，是提高农业综合生产能力的重要举措，是建设社会主义新农村的产业基础。”     

农业科技园区推动新农村建设的理论与趋势

文章应用区域发展、农业经济等相关理论,分析了农业科技园区与社会主义新农村建设的关系。回顾了我国农业科技园区对社会主义新农村建设的主要贡献和我国农业科技园区发展演变趋势,提出了农业科技园区进一步发展的对策。     

“一体两翼”缓解“三农”融资难——专访农发行行长郑晖

“中国农业发展银行建设新农村的银行”，5年前，郑晖赴任中国农业发展银行行长，提出上述办行思路。作为我国唯一的农业政策性银行，农发行近几年在支持国家粮棉油购销储、新农村建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。面对农业金融的新形势，农发行将如何拓宽对新农村的支持力度？记者就此对郑晖进行了专访。     

关于四川社会主义新农村建设的若干思考

党的十六届五中全会提出“建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务”。虽然“建设社会主义新农村”不是一个新的提法，但是新的历史时期强调的“建设社会主义新农村”具有新的丰富内涵和重大意义。四川是农业大省，四川建设社会主义新农村，必须要转变发展观念，创新发展模式，提高发展质量。     

建设社会主义新农村条件下的农业发展战略思考

建设社会主义新农村，必须把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作的重中之重，坚持“多予、省取、放活”和“工业反哺农业、城市支持农村”的方针。在建设社会主义新农村的时代背景下，我国农业发展目标必将呈现多元化趋势，对建设社会主义新农村条件下我国农业发展战略目标体系的研究有利于把握我国农业发展的正确方向，有利于现有农业资源的合理配置和提高政府对农业投入的有效性。     

上海农业保险的创新和实践

正我国是一个农业大国,也是农业灾害十分频繁的国家,发展农业保险对于规避农业经营风险、增强农业防灾抗灾能力、建立和健全农村金融服务体系、推进社会主义新农村建设都具有十分重要的意义。自2004年起,中央一号文件连续发文对发展我国政策性农业保险的问题提出指导意见。上海是改革开放以来我国最早恢复农业保险业务的地区。十年来,上海农业保险依托各级农业部门,不断探索,积极开拓,勇于创新,逐步形成了"政策扶持、     

大力推进农业综合开发产业化经营 建设社会主义新农村

社会主义新农村建设是解决我国三农问题、全面建设小康社会的重大战略举措,而农业产业化经营是建设社会主义新农村的现实途径。本文提出应以产业化经营作为公共财政支持社会主义新农村建设的重要手段,促成农业产业化经营规模扩大、领域延伸的新格局,并提出了新形势下搞好产业化经营项目建设的对策建议。     

农业信息服务进入新阶段

党的十六届五中全会提出了建设社会主义新农村的伟大历史任务，今年中共中央1号文件专门就关于推进社会主义新农村建设提出了若干意见，目前全党全国各级部门都在高度重视社会主义新农村建设问题，积极开展调查研究、制定规划、付诸行动。这一历史性的重大决定和战略部署，以及由此展开的波澜壮阔的新农村建设实践，对我国的农业信息服务事业已经产生并将继续产生着深远的影响。     

清代乾隆政府灾害救助中之“截拨裕食”问题

清代乾隆时期我国自然灾害发生频繁。乾隆认为:民庾即天庾。为了解决灾民的食粮问题,他在其有关荒政思想的指导下,一方面通过截拨漕粮、调拨银两和以丰济歉等手段,直接向被灾地区调拨入大量粮、银;另一方面主要采取遇灾暂免粮食关税,暂解米粮入海、入口之禁,严禁地方官员遏籴等间接的截拨措施,充分发挥中央政府对粮食市场的宏观调控作用,在政策上引导市场对灾区进行粮食调拨。最终基本达到了裕食灾民、维护社会稳定的目标。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.