乡村振兴背景下四川特色农产品网络营销模式创新研究

农产品市场竞争异常激烈,农业发展面临着供给侧结构性改革的重任。落实供给侧结构改革,必须调整农业产业结构,同时,抓好特色农业的发展,走出一条充分利用资源禀赋、满足市场需求的新型发展道路。四川农业素有精耕细作的传统,近年互联网经济的飞速发展,结合乡村振兴战略及精准扶贫项目的实施,对四川省特色农产品网络营销影响因子、权重及其模式进行研究,实现区域经济的增长。     

西部资源富集型贫困县城乡一体化研究——基于云南省怒江州兰坪县调研

中国西部分布着大量资源富集、极具发展潜力的贫困县,城乡二元结构的突破是这些地区实现跨越发展的关键。兰坪是一个矿业经济发达,高山特色农业资源也特别丰富,具有农业产业培植基础的县。这些地区的城乡一体化建设,首先要建立工业反哺农业的机制,拉动城乡一体化发展;其次,充分挖掘高原特色农业潜力,推动农村发展;第三,培育旅游产业。     

试论我国市场化进程中的农业产业组织体系创新

提高小农家庭市场效率的主要途径是构建符合市场需求的农业产业组织体系,将分散的小农纳入到社会化、组织化、市场化生产之中。我国资源禀赋状况和农村社会经济发展水平决定了现阶段农户家庭是我国农业生产的核心,市场主导型合作经济组织和企业主导型一体化经济组织是农户与市场联系的纽带,各种合作经济组织是农业产业组织的主体,政府主导型公共服务部门是农业产业组织体系的重要组成部分。     

湘鄂渝黔边区农业资源开发利用的循环经济模式研究

探讨了湘鄂渝黔边区发展循环农业经济模式的重要意义，在了解湘鄂渝黔边区农业资源开发利用的资源禀赋及其问题分析的基础上，构建了湘鄂渝黔边区农业资源开发利用的循环经济模式，即“生态家园”模式、立体种养循环模式、有机农业开发生态模式、农林牧渔结合型循环生态模式及生态农业科技示范园区模式；并在合理规划、构建循环农业经济技术体系、加大宣传教育等方面提出了对策建议。     

农业结构调整的出路在于产业化

近年来,江苏盐都县以推进农业产业化为重点,大力调整农业产业结构,积极寻找农业产业调整的根本出路,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。一、农业结构调整已取得初步成效 1、农业经济特色已经形成,经济结构趋于合理。一是农业经济结构发生明显变化。在农业经济构成中,种     

扶贫攻坚背景下连片特困地区农业协同发展路径——以武陵山片区为例

农业是连片特困地区农民脱贫致富的重要途径,也是区域发展与扶贫攻坚的基础和保障。连片特困地区具备发展农业的优势和条件,但"行政区行政"和"切变"效应导致了基础设施、市场与农业组织"碎片化",农业产业过度竞争、结构趋同和规模不经济。跨行政区协同合作是破解连片特困地区农业发展瓶颈的有效路径,利用协同思维,加强各行政区合作,协同构建跨域农业公共服务体系、建立跨域农业组织,跨域布局区域特色农业产业基地、打造农业地域品牌,促进资源合理利用,以实现区域发展和扶贫攻坚目标。为此,政府应给与连片特困地区政策支持,制定法律法规,促进农业产业跨域一体化建设;建立农业发展规划与协调委员会,搭建农业产业统筹协调发展平台;引领多元化投入机制构建,发挥资金的协同效应。     

农业产业集群对农业结构调整的作用及启示——基于寿光蔬菜产业集群的分析

农业结构调整是我国农村经济发展的战略选择.以寿光蔬菜产业集群作为案例分析了农业产业集群的构成及其对农业区域结构、粮经比例、农业技术结构以及农产品质量结构和品种结构调整的作用.分析发现农业产业集群对农业结构调整的作用是显著的,这为各地政府调整农业结构提供了借鉴.     

农业产业集群发展模式及动力机制分析

湖北省农业产业集群尚处于以农业资源为主导的孕育阶段, 存在集群规模偏小、区域影响力有限、产业结构趋同、农产品加工转化能力弱等诸多问题。从湖北省农业资源禀赋及产业集群发展模式出发,构建湖北省农业产业集群发展动力机制模型,并就其持续发展的动力机制进行深刻分析,提出加强湖北省农业产业集群发展的政策建议。     

立足区域优势推进农业产业结构调整——大庆市发展特色农业见成效

本文阐述了合理调整农业布局、充分发挥区域优势是推进农业产业结构调整的重要途径,并从大庆市实际情况出发分析了立足区域优势,发展特色农业的成效.并进一步提出通过发挥区域资源优势、发展特色产业调整农业结构的重点.     

发展草地农业是农牧交错带农业结构调整的出路

农牧交错带的农业产业结构调整在生态环境不断恶化、农民收入增长乏力的状况下势在必行。本文分析了农牧交错带生态经济的现状,明确了生态经济理论应作为农业产业结构调整的主要理论依据,并指出实行人工种草、舍饲养殖,发展草地农业、畜牧业是农牧交错带农业结构调整的出路。最后,提出了结构调整的关键措施。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Simulating the Effect of Regulatory Systems in a Fishery, An Application to the French Driftnet Albacore Fleet

With a thin economic component, most bio-economic models of fisheries failto assess the effects of the regulation systems on firms. In order to analysethe short term consequences of different management schemes, a simulationmodel is applied to the French driftnet albacore fleet: licence allocation withdriftnet regulation, individual quotas, and individual transferable quotaswithout any input control. Vessel technology is estimated by using the datacollected, and groups of vessels are distinguished according to criteria ofperformance. We present the adjustment within firms and between groupsunder different scenarios (limited entry with and without driftnetregulation, individual quotas and individual transferable quotas allocation),and we compare their results in terms of quasi-rent value and otherindicators such as hake harvests or dolphin by-catches.     

Knowledge as a Path-Dependence Process

By following a new approach proposed by Cognitive and Neuroeconomics, this paper presents and extends that part of Hayek's theory concerning knowledge in path-dependent terms, and shows that this is a fertile theory, opening new lines of inquiry for contemporary economics. In his theory of knowledge Hayek shows that the dynamics of economic change is path-dependent, in a different and more profound way than in the rest of the path-dependent literature. This literature deals with an important controversy, which will be also discussed and its specific and original meaning will be highlighted. As it will emerge, knowledge as a path-dependent process is consistent with cognitive theories of perception and learning and it plays a more important role than is traditionally assumed. Path-dependence is in fact always present in the cognitive dimension of perception and in individual decision-making processes, as well as in the processes of organizational innovation, and even in the macro-dimension of institutional change. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.