我国股票市场与经济增长的长期关系——基于协整的实证研究

本文选择1992—2007年的GDP增长率和上证综合指数作为我国股票市场价格指数与我国经济增长关系的研究依据,运用协整分析方法,实证研究了两者之间的长期关系。研究发现:中国的股票市场与经济增长之间不存在协整关系,这说明中国股票市场的发育还不成熟,某种程度上,股票市场还不具备促进经济增长的作用。     

保险资金持股与股价崩盘风险——市场“稳定器”还是崩盘“加速器”?

现阶段,有关保险资金持股与资本市场稳定相互关系的讨论多止于推测,少有学者以大样本数据进行实证考察。在理论上,保险资金持股上市公司,一方面可以抑制经理人负面信息隐藏,作为市场“稳定器”降低股价暴跌风险;另一方面,也能引发投资者跟风炒作,导致市场情绪高涨和股价高估,成为股价崩盘风险的“加速器”。本文基于2007—2016年中国沪深两市A股上市公司的数据,实证分析保险资金持股上市公司是否加剧市场暴跌及其作用机制。结果显示:保险资金持股加剧了股价崩盘风险,是公司股价崩盘的“加速器”。这一结论在经过DID模型、工具变量回归、PSM+OLS等内生性分析,以及稳健性检验之后依然成立。进一步研究表明,相比于民营、小型和财产保险公司,在股市投资规模更大的国有、大型和人寿保险公司更能引发市场跟风炒作,加剧股价崩盘风险;不过,当保险资金作为前十大股东参与公司治理时则能够降低股价崩盘风险。本文不仅为保险资金持股与资本市场稳定相互关系的讨论提供了经验证据,也为规范保险资金股权投资,维护资本市场稳定提供有益借鉴。     

Should ASEAN-5 monetary policy-makers act pre-emptively against stock market bubbles?

Stock market rises and asset price inflation in ASEAN economies have raised the question of whether monetary authorities in these economies should act pre-emptively against these rising trends to prevent impending financial crises. Using structural vector error correction models (SVECMs) which incorporate mixed data characteristics, we examine the effects and interactions between monetary policy and stock market shocks for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. The results suggest that monetary policy focused on the stock market detracts from price stability objectives, in particular because containing a stock market bubble may inadvertently depress output and inflation.     

Currency crises and the stock market: empirical evidence for another type of twin crisis

We explore the dependency between currency crises and the stock market in emerging economies. Our focus is two-fold. First, the risk of a currency crisis rises as the foreign stake in the domestic stock market increases. Successful economies with high capital flows into their booming stock markets especially are prone to stock market-induced currency crises. Second, we apply the dividend growth model to show that stock markets crash in the run-up to a currency crisis. This new type of twin crisis is empirically tested by employing a logit framework using quarterly data for 33 emerging economies for 1994Q1–2007Q4.     

投资者决策行为与股价形成及波动

本文以行为金融学为主构建了投资者行为与股价形成的解释模型 ,认为决定股价形成的因素很多 ,可能有企业真实价值、投资者对企业真实价值的认可程度、市场制度约束变量、市场资金充裕供求关系变量等 ,这些变量之间可能有很强的独立性。因此 ,仅用表征投资者的变量解释股价形成是不够全面的。文章建立了在股价上升、下降、整理状况下 ,买入者与卖出者预期不一致时的市场变量组合 ,从而从逻辑上说明投资者意见分歧与股价的关系 ,并通过数学模型实证说明投资者意见分歧与股价并非同向单调关系。从市场变量组合还可得出 :投资者意见分歧大小与股价波动一致 ,因此用意见分歧变量解释股价波动更合理 ;投资者意见分歧与交易量变化是非同向的 ,因此以换手率表征投资者意见分歧大小不合理     

The Availability Heuristic and Reversals Following Large Stock Price Changes

The author explores the effect of the availability heuristic on large daily stock price changes and on subsequent stock returns. He hypothesizes that if a major positive (negative) stock price move takes place on a day when the stock market index rises (falls), then its magnitude may be amplified by the availability of positive (negative) investment outcomes. In both cases, the availability heuristic may cause price overreaction to the initial company-specific shock, resulting in subsequent price reversal. In line with the hypothesis, the author documents that both positive and negative large price moves accompanied by the same-sign contemporaneous daily market returns are followed by significant reversals on the next 2 trading days and over 5- and 20-day intervals following the event, the magnitude of the reversals increasing over longer postevent windows, while large stock price changes taking place on the days when the market index moves in the opposite direction are followed by nonsignificant price drifts. The results remain robust after accounting for additional company (size, beta, historical volatility) and event-specific (stock's return and trading volume on the event day) factors, and are stronger for small and volatile stocks.     

流动性、股票定价及时变性：来自我国沪深股市的经验证据

本文在经流动性风险调整的资产定价模型的基础上,通过引进四个工具变量,构建了一个检验模型,于时间序列上对中国股票市场进行了实证分析。实证结果显示：我国的股市流动性单位风险溢价于时间序列上存在显著的时变性。从而证实了投资者之内生流动性风险对股票收益率之影响效应,进而揭示了一个货币供给量影响股市的一个作用机制,即股票价格的涨跌由于流动性水平的不同和由前者导致的流动性风险溢价要求的不同而受到影响。     

后危机时代亚洲地区股票市场风险研究——基于非对称GARCH模型

运用非对称GARCH模型对后危机时代的日本、中国、印度和韩国的股票指数收益率波动性及亚洲各国股票市场的风险进行比较可发现:亚洲地区股票指数收益率的波动呈现出聚集性和持续性,股票市场存在着冲击的非对称性;后危机时代,日本和韩国股市收益与风险不相匹配,反映出发达国家股票市场的波动性显著大于发展中国家,同时,中国股票市场的抗风险能力正在逐步加强,股票市场的信息冲击也趋于平缓。     

COINTEGRATION OF STOCK MARKETS BETWEEN NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA AND THE G7 ECONOMIES: SEARCHING FOR CO-MOVEMENT UNDER STRUCTURAL CHANGE

This paper examines whether the New Zealand equity market is integrated with the equity markets of Australia and the G7 economies by applying both the Johansen (1988 ) and Gregory and Hansen (1996 ) approaches to cointegration. The Johansen (1988 ) test suggests that there is no long-run relationship between the New Zealand stock market and any of the other stock markets considered in the study. The Gregory and Hansen (1996 ) test finds that the New Zealand and United States stock market is cointegrated, but the New Zealand stock market is not cointegrated with the other stock markets in the study. This suggests that in order to avoid some of the risk through international portfolio diversification there is potential for investors to purchase shares in the New Zealand market and either the Australian market or most of the world's leading equity markets.     

How important is the stock market wealth effect on consumption in India?

We examine how shocks emanating from changes in the stock wealth affect the consumption demand in India using a Bayesian VAR framework. The effect of the stock market wealth shock on consumption demand in India is relatively small in magnitude. The estimates suggest that a 10% increase in the real stock wealth raises the consumption demand by 0.3%, which seems to be consistent with some empirical estimates for the emerging market economies given a relatively low share of stock wealth in the household asset portfolio and its asymmetric distribution. The stock market wealth effect being short run in nature does not have a large and persistent effect on consumption demand since consumers may not perceive the changes in the stock wealth to cause a permanent shift in their wealth.     

A DYNAMIC ENTRY AND PRICE GAME WITH CAPACITY INDIVISIBILITY

Strategic market interaction is here modelled as a two‐stage game in which potential entrants choose capacities and next active firms compete in prices. Due to capital indivisibility, the capacity choice is made from a finite grid and there are economies of scale. In the simplest version of the model with a single production technique, the equilibrium turns out to depend on the ratio between the level of total output at the long‐run competitive equilibrium and the firm's minimum efficient scale: if that ratio is sufficiently large (the market is sufficiently ‘large’), then the competitive price emerges at a subgame‐perfect equilibrium of the capacity and price game; if not, then the firms randomize in prices on the equilibrium path. The role of the market size for the competitive outcome is shown to be even more important if there are several available production techniques.     

分析师利益冲突、乐观偏差与股价崩盘风险

"股价崩盘风险"是当前金融危机背景下财务学的一个研究热点。本文使用2003-2010年中国A股上市公司的数据,研究分析师乐观偏差是否影响上市公司股价崩盘风险,并考察分析师面临的"利益冲突"是否会加剧乐观偏差对股价崩盘风险的影响。研究发现:(1)分析师乐观偏差与上市公司未来股价崩盘风险之间显著正相关,且此关系在"牛市"更为显著;(2)机构投资者持股比例越高,机构投资者数量越多,公司存在再融资行为,以及来自前五大佣金收入券商的分析师比例越高,分析师乐观偏差与崩盘风险之间的正向关系就更为显著,说明"利益冲突"会加剧两者的关系。本文的研究对于全面认识分析师在资本市场中的作用,以及如何降低我国股价崩盘风险、促进股市平稳发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Lindahl Pricing, Nonrival Infrastructure, and Endogenous Growth

The paper constructs a model of endogenous growth where infrastructure is an accumulable stock generating a nonrival input service. A typical market economy cannot attain the socially optimum steady state path, since nonrivalry precludes competitive pricing of infrastructure. However, there exist agent specific prices for the infrastructural service, a price for the infrastructural stock, a rate of interest, and a subsidy for the representative household that can sustain the optimal path as a dynamic Lindahl equilibrium. The rates of return from physical and infrastructural capital equal the rate of interest. Investment programs are socially optimum. The government's budget is balanced.     

Identifying the global transmission of the 2007–2009 financial crisis in a GVAR model

The paper analyses and compares the role that the tightening in liquidity conditions and the collapse in risk appetite played for the global transmission of the financial crisis. Dealing with identification and the large dimensionality of the empirical exercise with a Global VAR approach, the findings highlight the diversity of the transmission process. While liquidity shocks have had a more severe impact on advanced economies, it was mainly the decline in risk appetite that affected emerging market economies. The tightening of financial conditions was a key transmission channel for advanced economies, whereas for emerging markets it was mainly the real side of the economy that suffered. Moreover, there are some striking differences also within types of economies, with Europe being more adversely affected by the fall in risk appetite than other advanced economies.     

Stock returns and output growth in emerging and advanced economies

This paper studies the correlation between output growth and lagged stock returns in a panel of emerging market economies and advanced economies. It finds that the proportion of countries in which this correlation is significant is the same for emerging market economies as it is for advanced economies using yearly data, and somewhat lower using quarterly data. Asset prices therefore seem to contain valuable information to forecast output also in emerging market economies. Moreover, the paper finds that the strength of the correlation between output growth and lagged stock returns is significantly related to a number of stock market characteristics, such as a high market capitalization to GDP ratio and, less robustly, English legal origin and the number of listed domestic companies and initial public offerings.     

Are Oil Price News Headlines Statistically and Economically Significant for Investors?

While much has been written about the effects of oil price on stock returns, surprisingly nothing is known about the effect of oil price news on stock returns. This article is a response to this research gap. For a large number of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange, the authors find that while oil price news does predict market returns it only predicts returns of some sectors and not all. They find that sorting stocks based on oil price news generates a significant return differential in the cross-section, which holds consistently across a range of models allowing for the well-known risk factors. Their findings suggest that information contained in oil price news affects stock returns.     

Evidence of price discovery on the Indonesian stock exchange

The Indonesian stock market is emerging and very little is known about price discovery mechanisms. This paper addresses this research gap by compiling and utilizing a unique stock-level dataset (consisting of 342 stocks) to examine existence and behaviour of price discovery processes. Using the Indonesian sectoral spot price index, and the Bloomberg Markit iTraxx Asia and the CDX high yield index, we test for price discovery. Our findings suggest that pricing behaviour on Indonesian stock exchange is contributed by the credit risk market. We also note that our findings are robust to a different measure of credit risk.     

Global idiosyncratic risk moments

We investigate a global cross-sectional relation between idiosyncratic risk moments and expected stock returns by suggesting three global idiosyncratic volatility, skewness, and kurtosis risk factors. We also suggest two global small minus big and high minus low risk proxies for estimating return residuals of the test assets from a global asset pricing model. To perform robustness checks, we suggest other four global risk factors of momentum, leverage, bid-ask spread, and liquidity. We find a significant negative relation between stock portfolio returns and the global moments, and the cross section of stock returns reflects a significant negative price of risk for global idiosyncratic skewness (?0.13%) and idiosyncratic volatility (?1.85%) and a positive and significant price of risk for global idiosyncratic kurtosis. We find that our suggested risk factors are key drivers of risk premia in stock market and are robust to various checks. These factors also can forecast the gross domestic product growth over the sample period.     

Evaluating market efficiency without price data: the Swedish market for wood fuel

The overall objective of this paper is to analyse the price development and price formation for wood fuel used by the Swedish district heating sector. According to Lönner et al., there is a significant potential for increasing the use of wood fuel in Sweden, at a fairly moderate cost. The basic question raised in this paper is then why this potential is not realized. Specifically, a methodology is proposed for testing whether the reason is that market imperfections are present. As a first step the shape of the technology in the Swedish district heating sector is estimated for the period 1989 to 1996. In the second step the estimated technology and the assumption of cost-minimizing firms are combined to calculate shadow prices, i.e. marginal valuation of wood fuel in this sector. If the average shadow price significantly deviates from the average observed price one may conclude that this market is functioning inefficiently due to imperfections. According to constructed bootstrap confidence intervals this difference is significant only for three out of eight years, implying that the quantities of wood fuel traded are too small. For the other years the difference is not significant, implying that one cannot, on statistical grounds, reject the efficient market hypothesis for all years.     

高送转与股价崩盘风险:抑制还是加重

本文以我国2003—2015年A股公司为样本,考察了公司“高送转”与股价崩盘风险之间的关系。研究发现,公司“高送转”能够有效抑制股价崩盘风险,相对于创业板,主板公司“高送转”抑制股价崩盘风险的作用更为显著。而且,“高送转”对于股价崩盘风险的抑制作用并不受公司财务状况和减持情况的影响,该抑制作用的期限超过了我国投资者平均持股时间。本文有助于加深人们对于“高送转”经济后果的认识。