累进式房产税可有效调控房价——兼评重庆、上海房产税试点方案

对于房价异常上涨,地方政府高价卖地、房地产开发商提价、金融机构放贷都不是最重要的原因。最重要的原因是那些难以预测的投机性、投资性需求。并不是只要开征财产税就可以抑制房地产投机,要使财产税能起到抑制房地产投机的作用,关键是要增加多房屋所有者的持有成本,主要有两种方式:一是采用较高的财产税税率,如美国的方法;二是采用累进式财产税,如韩国和中国台北地区的方法。重庆、上海推出的房产税试点暂行办法,涉及面不够广,且没有采用累进式,因此对抑制房地产投机的效果有限。但这两个方案是全国改革房产税的破冰之旅,其意义非凡。累进式房产税可有效的抑制房地产投机性需求,避免房价大起大落,对房地产市场起着稳定器的作用。     

旅游城市旅游房地产对居民住房的影响与发展路径

随着旅游城市旅游房地产市场的持续升温,对当地居民住房的影响日趋明显。文章根据旅游学和经济学的基本理论,分析旅游城市影响房地产业发展的多种因素,探讨旅游城市房地产业失衡的原因及发展路径,以期保障旅游城市居民住房需求,促进旅游业与旅游城市经济、社会的和谐可持续发展。     

Spatial and Racial Patterning of Real Estate Broker Listings in New York City

It has been well documented that Black homeseekers face discrimination in the housing market in the form of racial steering and other institutional policies and practices that are critical in limiting housing access. Less is known about the mechanisms that operate on the other side of real estate transactions to perpetuate racially segregated neighborhoods. We investigated whether White and Black brokers face segregation in the housing market. That is, to what extent do White and Black brokers differentially market property listings in neighborhoods of varying racial composition? Using real estate listings extracted from the websites of two of the largest New York City real estate brokerages, we examined whether Black and White brokers market properties primarily in Black and White neighborhoods, respectively; and whether, controlling for gender and experience level, Black brokers had a lower average price per square foot than White brokers. Results showed that Black brokers overwhelmingly marketed properties in Black neighborhoods, with fewer listings in White areas. Black brokers also marketed properties with an average price per square foot that was $197 lower than White brokers. Black brokers who worked in offices in Black neighborhoods had the lowest asking price of all brokers. Taken together, Black and White real estate brokers control a bifurcated market in NYC, perpetuating residential segregation and Black–White income and wealth disparities.     

Debt and taxes: Fiscal strain and US city budgets during the Great Depression

Although municipal budgets fared well on average during the Great Depression, many suffered greatly. In newspapers and trade publications, observers blamed distress in real estate markets as well as the rise in tax delinquency and real debt obligations. This paper uses a sample of large US cities to estimate how those factors influenced municipal revenue and expenditures during the Depression. Results show that city finances were stable when facing the housing market distress that plagued many urban areas in the 1930s. The principal elements of fiscal strain were actually rising delinquency, which was associated with diminished revenue and operating expenditures, and growing real debt obligations, which were associated with reduced capital outlays. Thus local budgets were driven more by the behavior of taxpayers and obligations to city creditors than by the downturn in real estate markets. These findings illuminate municipal governments’ responses to the fiscal strain wrought by the Depression.     

日本房地产泡沫破灭对中国房地产调控的启示

上世纪90年代初日本房地产泡沫破裂,给日本房地产市场乃至整个经济带来巨大负面影响。反思日本房地产泡沫破裂的主要原因在于:日元升值等原因造成的流动性过剩使大量资本涌入房地产市场;政府宽松的货币政策和财政政策以及商业银行对房地产业宽松的银行信贷进一步加剧了房地产泡沫化;政府过于剧烈的宏观调控政策打破了房地产泡沫,造成房地产业乃至整个国民经济的长期低迷。分析当前我国房地产业的现状,与日本的情况惊人相似。因此,借鉴日本房地产泡沫破灭的经验教训,可以对我国房地产市场的健康发展以及我国房地产调控政策提供有益的启示。     

How much informal credit lending responded to monetary policy in China? The case of Wenzhou

This study investigates empirically what the major factors are which have driven Wenzhou's informal credit market and how much that market is responsive to monetary policies and the formal banking conditions nationwide. A number of relatively stable factors have been identified from this volatile market through a careful exploration of a monthly survey data set for the period of 2003–2011. The main findings are: (i) Wenzhou's informal credit lending rates are highly receptive to monetary policies; (ii) Wenzhou's market is dominantly demand driven; (iii) Wenzhou's informal lending is substitutive to bank savings in the short run but complementary to banking lending in the long run; and (iv) Wenzhou's market is complementary to excessive investments in the local real estate market.     

对我国房地产市场的思考

经济快速发展,房地产市场如火如荼,居民可支配收入大幅提升,可还是有很多居民买不起商品房.这是目前我国的一个现实问题。本文将运用价值规律和供求规律来讨论目前我国房地产市场的高房价问题,并揭示房地产作为一个特殊的行业在市场化过程中存在的一些问题。     

对我国房地产市场的思考

经济快速发展,房地产市场如火如荼,居民可支配收入大幅提升,可还是有很多居民买不起商品房.这是目前我国的一个现实问题。本文将运用价值规律和供求规律来讨论目前我国房地产市场的高房价问题,并揭示房地产作为一个特殊的行业在市场化过程中存在的一些问题。     

盐城市家装业的现状及发展对策分析

随着经济快速增长,盐城市住宅房地产进入快速发展期,盐城市家装需求量越来越大,市场前景十分广阔.目前,盐城市家装业存在两大主要问题:一是行业整体素质偏低,二是行业管理不到位.盐城市家装业主管部门和企业需从自身的角度出发,制定相应的对策,确保盐城家装业健康持续的发展.     

Detecting bubbles in Hong Kong residential property market

This study uses a newly developed bubble detection method (Phillips, Shi, and Yu, 2011) to identify real estate bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market. Our empirical results reveal several positive bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market, including one in 1995, a stronger one in 1997, yet another one in 2004, and a more recent one in 2008. In addition, the method identifies two negative bubbles in the data, one in 2000 and the other one in 2001. These empirical results continue to be valid for the mass segment and the luxury segment. However, this method has also found a bubble in early 2011 in the overall market, and in the mass segment but not in the luxury segment. This result suggests that the bubble in early 2011 in the Hong Kong real estate market was caused primarily by the mass segment under the demand pressure from end-users of small-to-medium sized apartments.     

网络新闻、需求者关注与房价——基于时变参数向量自回归模型的研究

文章采用基于Linear-SVM的机器学习方法对百度新闻栏目57988篇的房地产市场新闻进行文本分析，构建出网络媒体净看多情绪变量和网络媒体关注度变量。并采用时变参数向量自回归模型（TVP-VAR）对媒体变量、住宅销售面积和房价之间的互动关系展开分析，得出如下结论：网媒房地产新闻的多空情绪变化基本能反映调控政策的阶段性特征。媒体报道对房地产市场冲击的响应相对稳定，时变效果不明显。媒体关注度对房地产市场的传导作用受到其构成成分和所处市场阶段的影响，其对房价的反向作用在紧缩调控放开后逐渐减小，并逐渐转为正向的提升作用，对住宅销售面积的反向作用在2015年后的市场高涨时期逐渐缩小，持续时间也在缩短。媒体情绪对房地产市场的传导作用受到调控政策和市场运行状况的叠加影响，其对房价的提升作用在2015年至2017年的房地产市场上行周期中有所扩大，对销售面积的提升作用则较为平稳。据此，文章提出应根据市场所处的阶段关注网媒发布信息的频度和情绪，加强舆情监测等建议。     

我国房地产税计税依据的选择

我国房地产税计税依据的选择必须立足国情并进行系统论证。从公平性、可评估性、管理易度、政治接受性、经济效率、收入生产率六个方面分析和比较以市场价值、年租价值、面积作为我国房地产税计税依据的适合性表明,年租价值在公平性、政治接受性、收入生产率方面适合性最高;面积在可评估性、管理易度方面适合性最高。通过综合考察认为,我国应选择以年租价值、而不是以市场价值作为房地产税的计税依据。     

农村房地产抵押贷款的风险及对策

房地产作为农民最大的财富并没有发挥出其财产的最大价值,而且由于房地产的不可移动性、价值的稳定性,使其最适宜抵押,是一种良好的担保财产。但我国农村房地产因缺乏相关政策和立法保障、产权不明晰等原因,致使农村房地产抵押贷款存在极大的风险。通过分析农村房地产抵押贷款存在的问题和风险,并给出相应的对策和建议,从而能够有助于规避和防范农村房地产抵押贷款的风险。     

安徽省住房市场供求总量非均衡实证研究

20世纪90年代以来,安徽省住房市场经常处于非均衡状态。住房有效需求与城镇居民收入呈正相关,与住房销售价格也呈正相关;住房有效供给与商品住宅投资呈正相关,但与住房销售价格呈负相关。1998年以前,住房市场以有效供给过剩为主;1998年以后,住房市场以有效需求过剩为主,表现为需求过热。因此,安徽省房地产宏观调控,要从需求入手,引导居民理性购房,建立合理的住房消费模式。     

跨境资本流动对银行风险的影响--基于风险累积效应和风险传染效应的视角

从风险累积效应和风险传染效应两个视角揭示跨境资本流动对银行风险的影响机理,并基于2000年第一季度至2020年第四季度时间序列数据进行经验检验,结果表明:跨境资本流动、跨境资本流入、跨境资本流出均显著增加了银行风险,且三者对银行风险的影响均存在显著的风险累积效应;跨境资本流动、跨境资本流入、跨境资本流出均通过影响金融机构人民币各项贷款余额同比增速、金融机构外币各项贷款余额同比增速、金融机构本外币各项贷款余额同比增速以及境内住户中长期消费贷款同比增速等信贷渠道显著提高银行风险承担水平,实现银行风险累积,从而增加银行风险;跨境资本流动、跨境资本流入、跨境资本流出均显著提高了股票价格、房地产价格和实际汇率的波动水平,且跨境资本流动通过股票市场、房地产市场和汇率市场将波动水平传染至银行系统,增加了银行风险,股票市场、房地产市场和汇率市场更是强化了这种传染效应。     

住房保障视角下的房地产税收改革探析

加快住房保障体系建设是促进我国房地产健康有序发展的重要举措,完善房地产市场的相关税收制度建设更是当下调控政策的应有之义。重新检讨我国政府的经济政策,正确区分房地产市场中的正常需求与投机需求,推进《住宅保障法》和《税收基本法》立法工作,健全个人房产信息,加快全国房地产信息联网建设,将对我国的房地产业正常健康发展具有重要意义。     

外资撤离对我国银行业的影响——以房地产市场为传导渠道

自2002年起,外资基于人民币升值及中国资产回报高的预期而不断流入我国。这些资金多数涌入了股票市场和房地产市场。自金融危机以来,外资开始有计划地撤离中国市场。对依赖于外部融资的房地产市场而言,外资的流入与流出有较大的影响力。外资通过影响房地产市场,对我国银行业也有着间接的影响。本文从以房地产市场为传导渠道的角度,对此进行了分析。     

我国房地产泡沫与金融支持的相关性研究

在我国资本市场改革发展进程中,房地产泡沫日益显现,通过构建衡量我国房地产金融支持过度的评价指标,建立向量误差修正模型,对房地产泡沫与金融支持进行了实证分析,并围绕如何防范房地产泡沫提出了风险预警指标和加强内部监控等建议。     

再议稳定我国房价增长速度的政策有效性——新“国十条”下的思考

近年来我国房价增长速度过快已成为影响经济健康持续发展的一个重要问题,政府进行多次政策调控其目的在于减少市场中的投机行为、稳定房价的增长速度、构建一个健康的房地产市场。文章通过构建投机者的效用函数并对影响投机的因素进行分析以提出减少房产交易中的投机行为政策措施,达到稳定房价增长速度的目的。     

国际资本流动与房地产、上证市场联动性研究

去年底以来,我国出现了国外短期资本出逃的现象,这直接导致了人民币兑美元汇率的连续"跌停"。一方面,作为国外资本的主要投资场所,房地产市场和上证市场的发展状况直接影响了国外短期资本的投资热情;另一方面,国外短期资本的流动也影响着房地产市场和上证市场的发展。鉴于此,本文从外汇储备、房地产市场以及上证市场三个角度,结合相关的实证分析方法,来深刻揭示这三者之间的相互影响关系。分析过程用到的方法包括ADF检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数分析、方差分析等。最后得出三者间存在较为明显的联动效应的结论。