新框架、新规则、新发展

作为同业拆借交易的主要交易平台提供者,全国银行间同业拆借中心肩负着执行《同业拆借管理办法》、服务交易成员的重要职责。《管理办法》颁布后,同业拆借中心根据该办法对同业拆借市场的政策调整,结合市场现行需要并考虑到今后的发展空间,及时完善了信用拆借交易系统的相应功能,起草并发布了《同业拆借交易操作规则》,积极推进落实《管理办法》关于准入管理、交易清算、期限管理、限额管理、透明度管理等各方面的规定。     

当前我国同业拆借市场的风险防范

尽快修改和完善《同业拆借管理办法》，根据市场环境、交易主体及金融制度的变化，将那些不合时宜的部分进行修改或删除，并增添新的规定及内容，如增添金融机构信息披露，要求同业拆借市场的成员必须定期披露其财务会计报表及重大投资活动，减少信息不对称造成的风险：对于银行类和非银行类金融机构的不同性质与特点，提出不同的要求，以降低信用风险。同时，对于网下同业拆借交易也应制定相应的法规，规范和约束网下拆借行为。另外，要着手制定类似《金融市场监管法规》性质的法规，明确规范易产生风险的交易部分，明确央行如何对交易成员的行为进行监督、检查、处罚，明确罚则，以切实加强对金融市场的监管。     

《同业拆借管理办法》保障市场健康发展——专访中国人民银行金融市场司司长兼上海总部金融市场管理部主任穆怀朋

作为十年来最重要的同业拆借政策调整,《同业拆借管理办法》（中国人民银行令[2007]第3号）颁布以来,市场参与者反响积极,同业拆借市场发展步入了一个新阶段。在《同业拆借管理办法》颁布一周年之际,本刊记者带着一系列受到业界广泛关注的问题,对中国人民银行金融市场司司长兼上海总部金融市场管理部主任穆怀朋先生进行了专访。     

同业拆借市场发展与监管专题

2007年,同业拆借市场实现了跨越式发展。尤其是2007年7月,新的《同业拆借管理办法》颁布后,管理政策取向的重大转变极大地稳定了市场预期,对市场发展方向产生了积极的引导作用。为了更好地落实《同业拆借管理办法》,做好新形势下同业拆借市场的发展和监管工作,经中国人民银行总行授权,人民银行上海总部于2007年四季度先后两次召开专题座谈会,邀请人民银行部分分支行和金融机构的专家研究市场形势,交流市场管理经验。两次座谈会研讨的内容具有普遍性和典型性,部分做法可供货币市场管理者借鉴。为此,本刊特别推出同业拆借市场发展与监管专题,编发上海总部金融市场管理部和部分分支行的文章,以飨读者。     

同业拆借市场的新里程碑

《同业拆借管理办法》的出台,揭开了同业拆借市场发展的崭新一页,主要表现为,同业拆借市场资金供需主体趋于多元化,融资能力明显加强,货币市场容量得到了有效扩大;同业拆借利率反映货币市场利率的信号指示功能不断完善,Shibor在利率市场的基准地位稳步加强;市场透明度显著提高,市场发展更加健康有序。     

要闻回顾

7月9日中国人民银行发布《同业拆借管理办法》，自2007年8月6日起施行。这是1996年全国银行间同业拆借市场建立以来，人民银行在总结十年市场发展和管理经验基础上，颁布的全面规范同业拆借市场管理规则的规章，也是近十年最重要的同业拆借管理政策调整。     

非银行金融机构拆借市场信息披露情况及建议

为加强同业拆借市场事中事后监管,强化市场透明度和信用环境建设,必须做好同业拆借市场的信息披露工作.然而,在当前的信息披露环节中,有部分非银行金融机构未能按照规定按时披露财务信息.本文对现行的信息披露制度和规定进行了梳理,分析了非银行金融机构无法按时进行信息披露的原因,并提出了相关的政策建议.     

关于规范商业银行同业拆借业务运作的思考

一、我国同业拆借市场的形成与发展 同业拆借市场作为货币市场的重要组成部分,是我国金融体制改革的产物。1986年1月7日,国务院颁布了《中华人民共和国银行管理暂行条例》,其中明确规定“专业银行之间的资金可以相互拆借”,从而标志着我国资金拆借业务开始步入法制轨道。到87年底,全国同业拆借融资总量达2000多亿元,已基本形成了以中心城市为依托,跨地区、跨系统、多层次的融资网络。1990年,中央银行为了进一步加强对同业拆借市场的管理,规范同业拆借活动,又制订了《同业拆借管理试行办法》,对同业拆借对象、双方承担责任、拆借用途及利率、期限作了明确规定和要求。明确指出:同业拆借是银行和非银行机构之间相互融通短期资金的行为。     

提高Shibor基准性——关于点击成交与大额存单关系的探讨

近年来,以Shibor为基准的货币市场利率体系逐步形成,市场和制度建设也取得重大进展。一方面,银行间市场各种资金融通交易均开始以Shibor为基准进行定价,基于Shibor的利率衍生产品也陆续推出。另一方面,2007年7月《同业拆借管理办法》的颁布,标志着同业拆借市场基础法规建设的进一步完善,     

我国保险机构参与同业拆借市场的战略意义浅析

中国人民银行于2007年7月-9日发布、自2007年8月6日起实施的《同业拆借市场管理办法》，首次将保险公司、保险资产管理公司列为参与同业拆借市场的申请主体，对快速发展的中国保险业来说，无疑具有重要的战略意义。国内保险机构应抓住发展机遇，夯实基础，积极参与同业拆借市场，增强发展的主动性，为实现自身的经营管理目标乃至于为中国保险业的做大做强作出积极贡献。[第一段]     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original