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实施“精益生产方式”的文化条件 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
倍受世界瞩目的“丰田生产方式”,给全球汽车制造业及所有社会工业生产部门,带来冲击和挑战。它是基于杜绝浪费,坚持追求合理的制造思想而创造出来的一种生产方式,根本目的在于彻底杜绝企业内部的各种浪费,以提高生产效率。“三及时(JIT——justit time)”和“自动化”作为这一生产方式运作的两大支柱,支撑着精益生产方式理论体系的整体框架——用“及时的材料”,在“及时的时间”,送到“及时的位置”——“在制造汽车这类综合性工业中,汽车的组装作业最好是各种零件非常及时地集中到生产线旁边来”。这是丰田汽车的缔造者——丰田喜一郎对“三及时”的最早表述。美国麻省理工学院国际汽车计划研究小组,通过对日本汽车工业、特别是丰田汽车公司的生产管理方式详细的调查研究之后,为丰田汽车公司这一生产方式又赋予新的、更具有理论性的称谓—精益生产方式(Lean Production)。作为当今最优的现代生产管理模式,精益生产方式必然有相应的企业文化相匹配。笔者在深入研究该模式的基础上,总结出与之相对应的企业文化的七个方面,分析出我国现行企业管理体制、组织机构、员工角色等方面对这一文化的建立尚存的阻碍,并提出建议。 相似文献
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未来的世界管理领域将呈现十大变化趋势,主要是:1.创新一未来管理的主旋律;2.知识——最重要的资源;3.学习型组织——未来成功企业的模式;4.快速的应变能力——时代的新要求;5.权利结构转换——变“正金字塔”为“倒金字塔”;6.弹性系统——跨功能、跨 相似文献
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刘国胜 《中小企业管理与科技》2012,(19)
随着汽车电子技术的发展,汽车智能化技术正在逐步得到应用,这种技术使汽车的操纵越来越简单,动力性和经济性越来越高,行驶安全性越来越好,因此,智能化是未来汽车发展的趋势,车联网作为物联网在汽车行业的应用领域之一,是汽车智能化的重要发展方向。本文将基于Telematics技术,实现车载物联网信息采集与数据服务关键技术,建设车载物联网监控与管理服务应用平台,从而将车辆从车内信息扩展到基于无线互联网的全局集成化智能监控与管理平台。 相似文献
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王雪瑞 《中国乡镇企业会计》2013,(5):7-8
社会主义新农村建设需要一种制度创新来实现农村生产方式、生活方式和管理方式的转变,而农民专业合作经济组织的发展恰恰适应了这样一种趋势。“农民专业合作经济组织”的顺利有效运行,有赖于各地如何选择适合本地农业发展特色,依托自身资源切实推进其发展;同时也需要各方面的支持。 相似文献
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学习型组织对企业的生产运作系统提出了新的要求,传统的生产管理模式难以适应时代发展的要求,顺应企业生产管理的发展趋势。探求学习型企业生产管理新方式,是我国企业界和管理理论界面临的一项重要课题。本文分析了我国传统生产管理模式及其弊端,提出学习型企业生产管理模式应从以下五方面进行更新:“以零件为中心”组织生产,以计算机辅助生产管理过程,以精益生产方式组织生产,以多品种、小批量实现个性化生产,以制度化、程序化和标准化提升企业管理水平。文章最后指出,在生产管理模式更新过程中应注意明确组成系统的关系、处理好不同创新之间的关系、消化吸收和创新并进三个方面问题。 相似文献
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本文介绍了天津港股份有限公司依托互联网技术构建账并信息平台系统的做法。该公司通过建立“一个数据中心”、实现“四个统一”及开发“三个功能模块”,实现了账并系统的构建与应用;同时在依托账并系统大数据的基础上又延伸了三个方面的管理功能,进一步完善了公司财务管理体系。 相似文献
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Tim Power 《Revue internationale de statistique》2003,71(1):59-67
This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field. 相似文献
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field. 相似文献
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En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio. 相似文献
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Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis 下载免费PDF全文
Christopher Niedt Brett Christophers 《International journal of urban and regional research》2016,40(6):1094-1111
Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support. 相似文献
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Christian Busch 《Journal of Management Studies》2024,61(3):1110-1151
Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research. 相似文献
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Mohammad Mohabbat Khan 《Public Management Review》2013,15(2):267-278
NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders. 相似文献
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Chris Rowley John Benson Malcolm Warner 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(4-5):917-933
There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion. 相似文献
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Carl Grodach 《International journal of urban and regional research》2013,37(5):1747-1765
While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes. 相似文献
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Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms. 相似文献
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María del Carmen Triana Pamela Gu Olga Chapa Orlando Richard Adrienne Colella 《人力资源管理》2021,60(1):145-204
This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years. 相似文献
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When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement. 相似文献