现行国际货币体系非均衡:基于博弈理论的解释

本文指出现行国际货币体系中，储备资产分布过于集中、主要货币间汇率波动频繁剧烈、国际收支失衡难以调节、IMF协调作用不到位。博弈分析表明，现今国际货币体系的非均衡主要源于各国在相互动态政策博弈过程中政治经济实力对比而导致的原有均衡的变化。只有尽快改变发展中国家在国际货币体系政策博弈中的被动局面，改革IMF及现今汇率制度安排，加强国际间政策协调与合作，才能改变或消除国际货币体系中的非均衡局面。     

国际货币体系失衡对中国经济影响分析

当前的国际货币体系失衡直接导致了中美贸易的失衡以及中国在中心—外围模式中的权利和义务的失衡。这种失衡通过国际货币体系与中国经济结构影响人民币汇率,导致人民币汇率失衡,进而导致我国面临国际收支风险,潜伏着货币危机的风险。本文主要分析这种失衡对我国经济的影响,并提出相关建议和对策。     

特里芬两难的辨析

通过理论推导和实证分析,本文依次从可兑换性与流动性的关系、国际收支与流动性的关系,以及关键货币国家货币政策目标定位三个角度分析了特里芬两难,结论是特里芬两难并不成立。这意味着,现行国际货币体系并不存在根本性矛盾,经过较大改进后仍然可能在相当长的时期内存在;美国经常账户赤字的根本原因是其国内经济失衡,美国对由此导致的国际经济失衡应负主要责任。     

失衡国际货币体系下的我国宏观金融政策组合探析

近年来,中国面临着严重的内外经济的失衡,一方面国际收支持续顺差,外汇储备不断攀升,人民币一直面临升值压力;另一方面国内流动性过剩现象凸现,部分地区和行业出现投资过热、资产价格泡沫等现象。这一切都是和当今的国际货币体系的失衡分不开的,特别与美元作为主要的国际储备货币而美国又在上世纪90年代以来长期实行的宽松的货币政策不无关系。我国的宏观金融政策应该本着把人民币国际化作为改进现行国际货币体系的出路之一。遵循这一原则和方向,我国应采取人民币汇率稳中有升、稳步提高基准利率、多渠道管理流动性、积极推进金融创新、建立现代化的金融体系等组合措施,以应对失衡的国际货币体系和失衡的内外经济。     

具有自动平衡机制的交互盯住国际汇率体系的初步构想北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文在分析现行国际货币体系缺陷基础上,探讨改革完善现行国际汇率体系的新思路,提出了建立具有自动平衡机制的交互盯住国际汇率体系的初步构想,并对该体系的主要机制和功能进行了初步设计和论证。该体系具有两大显著特点:(1)各国货币汇率相互盯住,以互相交叉重叠的一篮子货币取代黄金或单一货币作为"名义锚",实现在信用本位制下限制各国政府滥发货币、稳定币值和稳定汇率的机制。(2)相互盯住的国际汇率体系具有根据各国经济内外平衡状况自动调整盯住一篮子中心汇率,从而恢复经济平衡的机制。它吸收了浮动汇率制以汇率变动调节国际收支和经济失衡的优点,又回避了浮动汇率过度波动的缺点。     

国际金融危机形势下国际金融改革及我国的作用研究

2007年初以来,由美国次贷危机引发并迅速蔓延至全球、最终酿成"金融海啸"式的国际金融危机,将现行国际货币体系在其国际储备资产、汇率制度和国际收支调节纪律等方面的内在缺陷和弊端暴露得淋漓尽致,危机的破坏力再次严重地刺激了世人的神经,打破了世人对现行国际货币体系内在缺陷和弊端的容忍度,诱发了新一轮改革现行国际货币体系的呼声与行动.中国作为此次危机的重大受害者和国际经济、金融活动的重要参与者,理所应当地以"参赛选手"和"推手"的身份积极参与和推动本轮国际金融体系的改革.     

国际货币体系改革走向何方?

国际货币体系演变经历了国际金本位制、国际金块本位制、国际金汇兑本位制、布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系等阶段。2008年的国际金融危机给全球经济带来重创,国际社会深刻认识到现行以美元为中心的国际货币体系,是导致全球经济持续失衡和危机频繁爆发的根本原因。因此,各国要求改革现行国际货币体系的呼声越来越高,改革现行的国际货币体系成为国际社会急需解决的重大问题。     

经济全球化趋势下当代国际货币体系的矛盾

本分析了经济全球化趋势下，以牙买加协定为基础的当代国际货币体系的矛盾，主要表现在：经济全球化使现行汇率制度的稳定性受到冲击；国际资本的大规模流动给各国汇率管理带来新的问题；导致了国际储备多元化与各国国际储备资产管理的难度增加；国际收支调节机制的多样化与国际收支问题严重化；金融创新纷纷涌现与国际金融风险不断加大。     

从美元强权角度浅论国际货币体系改革

无序化的现行国际货币体系主要反映了发达国家的利益,它所存在的功能缺陷成为国际金融动荡乃至金融危机的根源,改革现行的国际货币体系、建立国际金融新秩序成为发展中国家和发达国家的共同要求。本文主要通过现阶段国际货币体系中美元强权及失衡的分析,对货币体系的改革方式做初步的探讨。     

国际货币体系重构与人民币国际化——全球金融危机视角下的分析和展望

国际货币体系是指各国对货币的兑换、国际收支的调节、国际储备资产的构成等问题共同作出的安排所确定的规则、采取的措施及相应的组织机构形式的总和.此次百年一遇的全球性金融危机,使我们更为清醒的认识到现行国际货币体系的种种弊端,也为改革和重建国际货币体系提供了一个绝佳的历史机遇.……     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...