规范建立和发展我国的权证市场

权证是国际证券市场上一种最初级的金融衍生产品，它是证券市场发展到一定阶段后的必然产物。权证实质上是一种股票期权。目前在我国发展权证市场很有必要，但要注意规范发展，以免金融风险被扩大。     

认股权证及其在国内证券市场的应用（下）

权证产品的发展遵循着从看涨权证到看跌权证，从短期权证到长期权证，从实券交割权证到现金交割权证，从个股权证到一篮子股票权证和指数权证的顺序，逐步实现权证产品的多样化和市场的规模化。     

关于权证定价修正模型的比较研究——基于交易成本和股息分红因素的分析框架

在我国股权分置改革中，权证推动了证券市场的金融创新。鉴于权证定价可以借鉴期权理论，国外B—S模型对我国权证市场的创新和风险管理具有一定的参考意义。本文采用B—S定价模型定价宝钢认购权证和长电认购权证，分别从交易成本和股息分红的角度进行了相应的模型调整，以改进、完善适应我国权证市场的定价方法。     

浅议我国当前权证创设制度

我国金融市场现已推出了权证产品,创新类券商可以通过创设来设计相关产品。而我国权证的推出是为了解决股权分置改革问题,由于此种原因及其短暂的发展历史,权证市场不可避免存在一些制度问题。结合我国实际,并通过对权证成熟市场经验的借鉴,本文从权证相关方面提出了进一步完善市场机制的建议。     

中国权证市场的发晨特点、模式与对策

目前中国权证市场呈现定价效率低、回转交易量大以及明显的末日现象特性。权证的杠杆性能和做空性能、权证市场投资者追求高的有效杠杆比率、现有权证产品杠杆提高过快等,是权证特性形成的原因。鉴于此,本文提出我国衍生品市场发展的模式,即开放与约束并举来发展权证市场;通过“杠杆工具”和“阻尼工具”来调控风险;分三个阶段逐步推进权证市场变革与发展;针对市场参与者、产品设计、交易制度、监管制度四个方面提供市场化约束。     

中国权证市场的发展特点、模式与对策

目前中国权证市场呈现定价效率低、回转交易量大以及明显的末日现象特性。权证的杠杆性能和做空性能、权证市场投资者追求高的有效杠杆比率、现有权证产品杠杆提高过快等,是权证特性形成的原因。鉴于此,本文提出我国衍生品市场发展的模式,即开放与约束并举来发展权证市场;通过"杠杆工具"和"阻尼工具"来调控风险;分三个阶段逐步推进权证市场变革与发展;针对市场参与者、产品设计、交易制度、监管制度四个方面提供市场化约束。     

我国认购权证负溢价问题研究

从理论上讲,认购权证的价格应高于其内在价值,即认购权证溢价应为正。然而从实际情况来看,我国的认购权证在2007年却大量出现负溢价的情况。本文将从套利者、投资者、投机者的角度以及权证市场参与者共同存在的一些限制等方面对我国认购权证出现负溢价的问题进行解释,并给出诸如以发行美式认购权证等方法解决这一问题的政策建议。     

香港权证市场发展给内地的启示

2005年8月宝钢权证在上海证券交易所挂牌上市,揭开了我国权证市场发展的新篇章。近年来,在我国股市发展取得不断进步的同时,上市公司和投资银行对权证的认知度日益提高,投资者对权证的熟悉度日益增进。目前,在我国建立一个有效的权证市场已经具备成熟的外部条件。本文分析了全球最发达权证市场——香港权证市场的概况及特点,以期为我国权证市场发展提供借鉴。     

权证产品创新的路径选择与风险控制

2005年股权分置改革以来,股改方案中陆续出现了认购权证、认沽权证及蝶式权证的对价方案,权证也从公司权证发展到备兑权证,中国权证产品创新路径既遵循着国际惯例,又符合中国资本市场的实际环境.权证产品创新的风险控制问题,包涵法律层面的风险控制及发行、交易、行权等各个环节具体风险控制等多方面的内容.     

权证市场存在的问题与发展思路——燕京华侨大学校长华生教授访谈

2005年7月18日，沪深证券交易所分别推出了经中国证监会核准通过的《权证管理暂行办法》．8月12日，宝钢股份临时股东大会通过股权分置改革方案，宝钢股份成为我国第一家引入权证作为对价方式的上市公司。之后．长江电力、新钢钒、武钢股份，万科等也计划借助权证方式解决股权分置问题。权证交易在中断近10年之后，重新在我国境内股市登场．引起了市场的关注。为此，     

Warrant pricing: a review of empirical research

Recently, several warrant pricing studies have become available for different models as well as for different countries. The most important conclusions that can be drawn from reviewing these studies are: (1) it is not necessary to make a correction on option valuation models for the dilution effect; (2) the only model that systematically outperforms the Black-Scholes (1973) type models is the Square Root model; (3) US and German warrants seem to be priced correctly, while deviations are found for English and Japanese warrants (underpriced by the market) and Swiss and Dutch warrants (overpriced by the market).     

An Empirical Analysis of the Pricing of Bank Issued Options versus Options Exchange Options

Since 1998, large investment banks have become active as issuers of options, generally referred to as call warrants or bank‐issued options. This has led to an interesting situation in the Netherlands, where simultaneously call warrants are traded on the stock exchange, and long‐term call options are traded on the options exchange. Both entitle their holders to buy shares of common stock. We start with a direct comparison between call warrants and call options, written on the same stock and with the same exercise price, but where the call option has a longer time to maturity. In 13 out of 16 cases we find that the call warrants are priced higher, which is a clear violation of basic option pricing rules. In the second part of the analysis we use option pricing models to compare the pricing of call warrants and call options. If implied standard deviations from options are used to price the call warrants, we find that the call warrants are strongly overpriced during the first five trading days. The average overpricing is between 25 and 30%. Only a small part of the overpricing can be explained by rational arguments such as transaction costs. We suggest that the overvaluation can be explained by a combination of an active financial marketing by the banks and the framing effect.     

权证对投资者投资偏好影响的实证研究

金融衍生产品的出现提高了证券市场信息传递的速度，知情交易者通过对衍生品的投资提高传递的效率。本文通过对我国权证市场和相应标的股票市场交易高频数据的研究，探讨知情交易者在权证市场出现后是否改变了投资的对象。实证结果表明，尽管有部分知情交易者投资了认购权证，但是并没有证据表明知情交易者偏好认沽权证。造成这一结果的原因可能是权证制度自身的缺陷。     

Security Choice and Corporate Governance

The most efficient corporate governance structure will vary by firm depending on the costs and benefits of different governance mechanisms. For IPO firms, warrants might act as a substitute for other governance mechanisms ( Schultz, 1993 ). Alternatively, warrants might serve as a signal of high quality, and thus effectively governed, firms ( Chemmanur and Fulghieri, 1997 ), in which case they would act as a complement to other governance mechanisms. We test these competing hypotheses by examining a sample of unit IPO firms (firms issuing warrants with shares) matched to a comparable sample of shares-only firms and show that warrants act as a substitute for other governance mechanisms. The research is also of interest because it shows an interaction between the financing decisions of firms and their corporate governance that has not been documented previously.     

Do leveraged warrants prompt individuals to speculate on stock price reversals?

Using proprietary data on bank-issued knock-out warrants written on a stock index, we find that individual investors’ aggregate warrant portfolio speculates against the short-term trend of the index. We argue that contrarian trading is driven by the interaction of product design and investors’ preference for large leveraged positions. Investors tend to open larger positions whenever warrants offer higher leverage. As a result, investors open an aggregate long position when calls offer higher leverage than puts. Since knock-out leverages move systematically with the underlying, aggregate warrant positions become contrarian even if investors do not intend to speculate on reversals.     

权证会计处理的国际准则及其借鉴

本文在简要介绍权证产品及其要素、种类和功能的基础上,重点围绕国际会计准则关于金融工具会计的相关规定,对权证的会计处理原则和方法进行了探讨,并就其对我国会计及信息披露发展的启示进行了分析,以期为我国权证产品的成功推出进行一些有益的探索.     

融券制度下考虑保证金的我国欧式认购权证定价

国内机构对权证内在价值的计算大多采用B-S公式,该公式发挥作用的前提是权证标的股票可以无成本做空。我国现阶段做空股票主要采取融券的形式,这实际是需要提交保证金下的一种做空,保证金的比率和融券费率会影响市场投资者的套利行为,从而最终影响权证的内在价值。     

An empirical investigation of the factors that determine the pricing of Dutch index warrants

This paper investigates the pricing of Dutch index warrants. It is found that when using the historical standard deviation as an estimate for the volatility, the Black and Scholes model underprices all put warrants and call warrants on the FT-SE 100 and the CAC 40, while it overprices the call warrants on the DAX. When the implied volatility of the previous day is used the model prices the index warrants fairly well. When the historical standard deviation is used the mispricing of the call and the put warrants depends in a strong way on the mispricing of the previous trading day, and on the moneyness (in a non-linear way), the volatility, and the dividend yield. When the implied standard deviation of the previous trading day is used the mispricing of the call warrants is only related to the moneyness and to the estimated volatility, while the mispricing of put index warrants depends in a strong way on the moneyness, the volatility, the dividend yield and the remaining time to maturity.     

股权分置改革中的公司认股证定价探讨——以长电权证定价为例

由于公司认股证期末需要通过发行新股以应对权证持有人行权要求,故不能直接套用Black-Scholes公式.长电权证作为首只公司认股证,目前部分研究机构对其定价过程中的问题存在一定认识误区.本文将理清认股证定价模型原理,并针对长电权证的实际情况修正公司认股证模型,运用MC模拟的方法加以验证并提出考虑红利时的处理方法.     

Valuation of Callable Warrants

A simple valuation model for callable warrants is derived and tested. The model is expressed in closed form except for one term which can be evaluated numerically. Predictions of 78 warrant prices are compared to market prices and the average error is -.224 percent. By contrast, the Black-Scholes model applied to the same warrants produces an average error of 31.44 percent. Thus the callability feature cannot safely be ignored in determining warrant values.