人民币国际化、汇率波动与货币政策互动关系研究

基于人民币国际化、汇率双向波动以及利率市场化改革等经济背景,通过构建SVAR模型,实证分析了人民币国际化、汇率波动与货币政策之间的互动关系。结果表明：短期内,人民币国际化对人民币汇率与利率产生显著的冲击影响,且三者之间呈现显著的同方向波动,即人民币国际化程度提高、人民币升值、市场利率上升;短期内,人民币汇率升值有助于人民币国际化程度提高,而中长期内影响有限;货币政策通过汇率对人民币国际化产生冲击的传导机制是有效的;人民币国际化背景下,汇率与利率之间的联动机制是显著的,人民币国际化对货币政策有效性的影响不大。     

货币政策与长期利率之间关系的实证研究

文章通过构建货币政策工具变量与长期利率的向量自回归模型，在此基础上计算脉冲响应函数，考察银行间同业拆借利率与长期国债收益率之间的短期动态影响机制，在此基础上分析货币政策对我国长期利率的影响机制。结果发现，货币政策对期限相对较短的长期利率具有正向冲击效应。     

结构性货币政策对民间借贷利率的影响研究

不同的货币政策工具会对宏观经济产生多元化的影响,结构性货币政策是否能够缓解小微企业的融资难、融资贵问题？本文选取2015年1月到2022年10月的月度数据,考察结构性货币政策对民间借贷利率的影响。研究发现：宽松的结构性货币政策会引导民间借贷利率下行,其中数量型结构性货币政策与民间借贷利率呈显著正相关关系,利率导向型结构性货币政策与民间借贷利率呈显著负相关关系;研究进一步发现,在数量型结构性货币政策影响民间借贷利率时,货币供应量发挥了部分中介效应;在利率导向型结构性货币政策影响民间借贷利率时,货币供应量和贷款市场利率发挥了部分中介效应。     

货币政策、利率联动效应与银行风险承担

守住不发生系统性金融风险底线，关键在于宏观货币政策与微观银行体系。在人民币国际化背景下，基于货币政策的银行风险承担渠道以及17家银行的非平衡动态面板数据，通过构建中介效应模型，实证检验了在岸离岸人民币利率联动在货币政策银行风险承担传导机制中的中介效应。研究发现，宽松的货币政策提高了银行风险承担水平；利率联动在宽松货币政策的银行风险承担渠道中发挥了完全中介效应，但在期限、渠道与微观特质三维度上呈现显著异质性。研究结论对于全面考察货币政策通过利率联动效应影响银行风险承担的核心逻辑、实时监测预警利率联动冲击下的银行风险承担水平、妥善解决“大而不能倒”风险等提供了有益的启示。     

中国货币政策规则的估计与比较

本文在DSGE模型框架下用贝叶斯方法对中国货币政策的利率规则和数量规则进行了估计,并比较了不同货币规则模型对数据的解释和预测能力,提供了货币规则随中国货币政策调控机制改革演化的证据。本文发现数量规则比利率规则在整体上更能解释中国的货币政策,但是利率规则的解释能力随着利率市场化改革的深入而逐渐提高,此外在利率规则中加入货币因素能显著提高模型对数据的解释和预测能力。     

中国货币政策效应的区域差异研究

货币政策效应的区域差异影响地区经济协调发展。本文运用固定效应变系数模型估计了各地区的货币政策敏感系数,并进一步用结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型和结构方差分解法分析了货币冲击对区域经济的影响。研究发现中国货币政策效应存在显著的区域差异,主要原因在于货币政策传导机制差异。建立充分反映区域经济特点的货币政策体系以及发挥货币政策结构性功能,有利于提高货币政策作用和缩小区域间货币政策的不对称性。     

我国货币政策的银行风险承担渠道检验——基于中国16家上市银行数据的动态GMM实证分析

文章使用16家上市银行的年度数据进行实证分析,运用动态面板模型检验银行如何对货币政策立场的转变做出反馈并调整其承担风险的程度。研究表明,基于我国银行体系银行风险主动化和个体风险系统化的发展趋势,货币政策工具能够对我国商业银行风险承担产生显著影响,且商业银行风险承担的变化对信贷投放总量以及社会总产出也会造成影响。同时,风险定价效应、追逐利益效应、习惯效应、杠杆效应作为我国货币政策银行风险承担渠道的重要作用机制,在货币政策传导中发挥着重要作用。     

美国住房贷款证券化的宏观经济效应——基于IS-LM模型

在货币政策稳定与否的假设前提下,以美国为背景,借助IS-LM模型对住房贷款证券化的宏观经济效应做定性分析。分析发现在货币政策稳定时,住房贷款证券化的宏观经济效应主要是通过货币市场发挥作用,它显著增强了财政政策的效果。在市场经济成熟国家当"价格型"货币政策外生性地提高后,住房贷款证券化的宏观经济效应产生机理相比前者较为复杂。     

LPR改革对中期借贷便利工具利率传导效率的影响

实证分析中期借贷便利利率对银行贷款利率影响的变化,检验LPR改革对提高我国货币政策利率传导效率的成效。结果显示,在LPR改革后,中期借贷便利利率能够显著影响银行贷款利率,其中中小银行贷款利率受到的影响更大,表明LPR改革能够降低企业特别是中小企业的融资成本,从而提高货币政策的利率传导效率。机制分析表明,LPR报价基准的替换、LPR被纳入银行内部资金转移定价（FTP）与宏观审慎评估考核（MPA）是LPR改革提高货币政策利率传导效率的主要机制。影响因素分析发现,存款利率市场化程度低是现阶段影响我国货币政策利率传导效率的重要因素。因此,为了进一步提升货币政策利率传导效率,存款利率市场化改革应该是下一阶段改革的重要内容。同时,货币当局与监管部门应该妥善处理好利率市场化改革与金融风险之间的关系。     

美国量化宽松与常规货币政策对中国实体经济溢出效应的实证检验

本文通过构建基于美国联邦基金利率、中国实际GDP同比增速、中国通货膨胀率的三元非线性平滑迁移自回归模型,对美国常规货币政策时期和量化宽松时期货币政策对中国实体经济的溢出效应进行了检验。结果发现,美国货币政策对中国宏观经济具有显著的溢出效应,并且在常规货币政策和量化宽松货币政策时期,美国货币政策对中国实体经济的影响存在显著的非对称效应,常规货币政策对中国实体经济的影响高于量化宽松货币政策。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.