高价位铁矿石进口格局正在发生改变

铁矿石高需求和高垄断造成了铁矿石价格的飙升.我国钢铁需求已经趋缓,目前国内铁矿石进口的增加主要是由钢铁出口造成的.未来几年我国铁矿石需求将趋于稳定,铁矿石高价位会刺激我国低品位铁矿资源的大量开采.并且铁矿石高价位运行会促使我国限制钢铁出口,提高国内铁矿石产量,我国将为此付出环境代价.而铁矿石供应方将在未来12年里损失掉1300美元的中国市场份额,铁矿石高价位将损害供需双方长远利益.为应对铁矿石高价位.可采取以下对策:①严格限制钢铁出口:②增加国内铁矿石供应:③提高国内钢铁工业集中度;④鼓励国内企业到境外开发铁矿资源.     

难选铁矿的选矿技术现状与发展

从我国铁矿石的面临的国际形势和资源特点论述了发展我国难选铁矿选矿技术的迫切性和必要性。综述了对我国难选铁矿石：菱铁矿、褐铁矿、鲕状赤铁矿、复合铁矿石、多金属共生铁矿石等的选矿技术取得的进展。同时针对我国难选铁矿存在的问题,提出了加快我国此方面选矿技术发展的建议。     

中国应当适时改变铁矿石定价机制——定价机制与中国利益关系的经济学证明

文章基于垄断厂商的定价理论,对铁矿石国际长期协议价格的定价机制,及这一机制是如何影响我国钢铁业原料成本等问题作了分析.分析所得出的结论与市场对这一问题的认知大相径庭,文章认为,正是现行的铁矿石定价机制保护了中国钢铁企业,在铁矿石需求大幅上涨的时候,没有因高度垄断的铁矿石供应格局而受到价格歧视从而遭受损失.但是当市场需求大幅萎缩的时候,作为世界上最大的铁矿石采购国,中国却有必要对原有定价机制进行改进,制定独立于世界的中国价格.     

中国铁矿石进口来源国集中度分析及对策研究

选取1992-2012年中国铁矿石进口面板数据,对铁矿石进口市场集中度(CR4&CR8)变化情况进行实证分析,结合贝恩与植草益的市场结构分类标准,中国铁矿石进口市场结构整体上为"极高寡占型"。我国铁矿石进口市场存在较大风险,应不断拓宽铁矿石进口来源国范围,采用进口来源国多元化战略;扩大海外投资规模,加快"走出去"步伐;加强技术创新,提高我国铁矿石原矿生产能力;增加国家铁矿资源储备,确保我国铁矿资源供应安全。     

寡头垄断市场下国际铁矿石价格波动的动因分析

作为世界第一大铁矿石进口国,我国却未能掌握铁矿石的国际定价权。在四大矿商垄断了市场供给的背景下,国际铁矿石价格大幅波动增加了我国钢铁企业的成本。文章选取2010年1月到2016年12月的月度数据, 从供需、金融、成本、运输等视角构建向量自回归模型,对寡头垄断市场下国际铁矿石价格的影响因素进行了分析。研究结论:铁矿石价格波动受自身价格影响程度最大,稳定在63.4%左右;供需基本面影响度为4.6%;金融因素影响度为21.5%;生产成本对价格影响度在6.0%左右;海运费对价格影响度长期稳定在4.5%。金融资本是影响国际铁矿石价格波动的主要因素。主流矿商和国际投行通过指数定价机制,借助"中国因素"操纵国际铁矿石价格。     

论我国铁矿资源的进口依赖形势

我国铁矿资源总量丰富,但是贫矿多、富矿少,矿石类型复杂,暂难利用矿多。因此,国内铁矿石供给能力有限,且呈下降趋势。我国国民经济处于高速增长期,对钢材的需求持续增加,钢材需求的饱和点远未达到,强大的需求刺激钢铁工业快速发展,产能持续扩大。由于需求的增加和国内铁矿资源供给能力的下降,铁矿石供应缺口越来越大,进口铁矿石的数量急剧攀升。我国铁矿资源的进口依赖形势已成定局。应在继续寻找和开发国内新的铁矿原料基地的同时,采取多种方式、多元化进口铁矿石,并提高废钢铁利用率。     

乡村振兴背景下土地综合整治效益评价与障碍因子分析——以贵州省盘州市为例

我国城市化进程快,土地资源供需矛盾日益突出.土地整治提高土地利用效率、改善农民生产生活条件、补充耕地以及推进生态保护,符合乡村振兴战略的要求.土地整治是缓解土地供需矛盾的重要手段,也是实现乡村振兴的重要平台.本文以贵州省盘州市土地整治为例,采用熵值法和灰色关联分析法对其土地综合整治效益进行评价以及诊断影响其土地整治效益...     

我国石油安全形势与对策

近年来,我国经济快速发展,石油消耗与日俱增,进口连年扩大,对外石油依存度逐步提高,随之而来的石油供需矛盾和石油安全问题也目益显著.本文分析我国当前石油安全形势,提出强化我国石油安全的对策.     

分区管制:实现建设用地节约与集约利用的新视角

大力推进节约集约用地是构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会的重要内容,也是缓解我国土地供需矛盾的必然选择.分区管制,加强土地利用规划,对改变我国近几年耕地面积锐减、土地利用粗放的现状及全面提高土地的利用效率和产出效益具有重要的意义.     

开发国外森林资源是解决我国木材供需矛盾的有效途径

长期以来,木材一直是我国国民经济的短线产品。最近几年里,木材供需矛盾更为突出。据有关部门调查,仅计划内木材供应量,每年就有二三百万立方米的缺口。而且随着国民经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,木材供需矛盾将会日益加剧。党中央在十一届三中全会确定了开放的经济政策以后,提出“我们的社会主义现代化建设,要利用两种资源——国内资源和国外资源;要打开两个市场——国内市场和国外     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Mix and sequencing of economywide and agricultural reforms: Chile and New Zealand

Once committed to economywide and sectoral reforms – stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization – and companion reforms of institutions, how does government best proceed? With what reforms in response to initial conditions, and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? This study examines what factors were most critical to success during transition in two early reformers. The economies of Chile and New Zealand have undergone seismic reforms, starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, respectively. Comparative analysis of their reforms look at the prior conditions that induced drastic action and the policy choices made in each country. Though similar in many respects, differences in initial economic conditions and implementation led to dissimilar, even contrary results. For Chile, the outcome was a vigorous, recharged economy and agricultural sector; for New Zealand, the economy and the sector are lagging still. How policy choice and implementation, as well as simultaneity of reforms, affected the outcomes is the major thrust of the study. The preeminence of trade and macroeconomic policies over sectoral interventions, and in particular the strategic nature of the real exchange rate in allowing agriculture to compete domestically and internationally highlight the discussion.