EVD标准启示录

启示 　　标准之争--市场竞争的终极境界 　　在知识经济的现今,同一产业企业间的竞争实际上就是技术的竞争.一些专家认为围绕市场展开的“技术搏杀“包括:技术、专利、标准三个层面.在他们看来技术竞争的核心和终极内容是标准之争,因为在这个层面上技术所决定的对市场的控制力最大.可以说市场竞争的背后是产品的竞争,而产品竞争的背后是技术的竞争,技术竞争的背后是专利、专有技术等知识产权的竞争,在这些竞争中最高层面的竞争则是标准的竞争.掌握了标准,就掌握了未来的市场,就掌握了未来产业发展的主控权,就能在市场的竞争中占据最高端的出发位置.……     

不同阶段下企业技术标准竞争战略研究

文章创新性地将企业的标准竞争划分为3个阶段，并根据竞争阶段不同，将企业的标准竞争战略归纳为标准开发战略、标准运营战略、标准市场战略3种类型，并详细讨论了每种战略类型下，企业可采取的具体竞争策略。     

标准竞争的经济根源及其战略选择

随着经济全球化、贸易自由化进程的加快，标准竞争不仅对企业来说至关重要，而且对整个国家的经济发展、经济安全、国家竞争力等方面都具有长远的影响。本文从产业的网络特性着手，根据格式系统理论分析了标准竞争的经济根源，认为标准竞争的胜负取决于技术、市场和政治三种力量，并在此基础上，提出了我国企业在进行标准竞争时应采取的战略。     

市场经济中过度竞争的实证分析

过度竟争的衡量标准一以煤炭业为例 如何判定一个产业是否出现了过度竞争,目前理论界和实际工作部门都没有形成非常统一的标准.如早期贝恩给出了过度竞争的五个特征,日本通产省曾提出判断是否出现过度竞争的四个标准,我国学者曹建海也提出过判断一个产业是否发生过度竞争的一般标准.从目前的研究情况看,国内对过度竞争的判定标准主要包括:产业市场集中度、企业规模、生产能力利用率、产业利润率等.本文主要采用上述四大标准,以煤炭产业为例,对煤炭产业是否处于过度竞争状态做出基本判定.     

政府间财政支出竞争性多标准检验及效应传导——兼析财政支出竞争的地区差异效应

本文运用绝对收敛标准、条件收敛标准、空间相关系数标准和变异系数标准对我国政府间财政支出竞争的存在性进行了检验.随后通过地方财政支出行为与地区经济增长的效应传导机制的梳理,实证分析了我国财政支出竞争的地区差异效应.     

大力普及和推进标准化 促进地区经济转型升级

随着经济全球化进程的不断加快,标准竞争成为继产品竞争、品牌竞争之后的一种层次更深、水平更高、影响更大的竞争形式。"三流企业卖产品,二流企业卖技术,一流企业卖标准",得标准者得天下,谁掌握了标准的制定权,谁的技术将成为标准,谁就能有效掌握市场竞争的主动权,获得最大的利益和生存空间。大力普及标准化知识,推进和实施标准化战略,对提升地区产业发展水平,促进产业转型升级,将产生积极的影响。     

产品标准要适应市场经济的发展

市场经济条件下质量竞争的关键是产品标准水平和适应性的竞争。《产品标准要适应市场经济的发展》一文,对此作了探索。文章论述了提高产品标准的适应性和提高产品标准的内涵的问题,认为产品标准必须满足用户需求不断更新的需要,在质量上不断提高其内涵,使产品在市场上有竞争能力,企业才能在竞争中求得生存和发展。     

网络外部性、市场锁定与AVS标准的竞争策略

随着技术的进步和市场的发展,行业的竞争早已由产品之争发展到标准之争。AVS（数字电视音视频标准）作为我国自主研发的第一个国家数字音视频标准,其竞争策略直接关系到我国整个数字音视频行业能否脱离国外标准的限制。文章在回顾整个数字音视频标准发展的历史进程的基础上,采用产业经济学的分析方法,研究了我国数字音视频标准的市场结构和市场特征,并建立一个直观的经济学模型分析了在这种市场结构和市场特征下影响AVS用户选择的多种竞争因素。文章最后给出了标准拥有者应当采取的竞争策略的相关建议。     

企业技术标准研发工作现状调查及分析

随着经济的高速发展利经济一体化趋势的逐渐形成,标准化的作用日益凸现。国家之间、企业之间的竞争更集中地体现在标准的竞争上。标准已经成了国际贸易的基础和依据,国家、企业标准化水平的高低直接关系到能否在竞争中立于不败之地。     

论农业标准化体系建设思路及措施

随着中国加入WTO，农产品的市场竞争将会越来越激烈。这一竞争归根到底是农产品科技含量的竞争、品质的竞争和品牌的竞争。实施农业标准化，不仅可以有效提高我国农产品的国内及国际市场竞争能力，而且有利于推进我国农业现代化的全面发展，是２１世纪初期我国农业发展的必由之路。我国农业标准化体系建设的现状按照国务院关于建立健全农业标准体系和质量检测监督体系的要求，经过各级政府和农业部门的共同努力，目前全国农业质量标准体系已形成了一个基本框架。１、制定了一大批农业标准。农业标准涵盖种植业、畜牧业、水产业、饲料工业…     

关于高职院校《计算机英语》课程开展说课竞赛的思考

如何开展说课竞赛?本文结合说课竞赛的要求,对高职院校《计算机英语》课程参与说课竞赛进行了剖析。从课程定位与设计、教学内容到教学设计以及教学效果等方面进行了较为详细地阐述。     

Interregional tax competition and intraregional political competition: The optimal provision of public goods under representative democracy

This paper explores the implications of the interaction between interregional tax competition and intraregional political competition for the optimal provision of public goods under representative democracy à la (Osborne and Slivinski, 1996) and (Besley and Coate, 1997). As an extension of Hoyt’s (1991) finding that intensified tax competition is always harmful and aggravates the extent to which public goods are undersupplied in a region, we show that intensified tax competition can be beneficial if political as well as tax competition is considered. In particular, we identify plausible conditions under which (i) there is an optimal intensity of tax competition such that the interaction between interregional tax competition and intraregional political competition will result in the optimal provision of public goods and (ii) intensified tax competition will be beneficial if and only if the degree of tax competition is less than this optimal intensity.     

基于区域经济发展视角的产业集群竞争优势研究

当今,集群竞争开始代替企业竞争而成为区域经济发展的主流。在对产业集群的创新优势、市场优势等竞争优势进行分析的基础上,指出我国区域产业集群发展中存在着企业间缺乏关联与协作、自主创新能力薄弱、资源约束与环境污染严重等问题。因此,应加强企业间关联度与专业化分工协作、完善产业链并提高产品附加值、提高企业创新能力、坚持区域和集群的可持续发展等。     

Spatial Competition in Variety and Number of Stores

We propose location-then-variety competition for a multiproduct and multi-store oligopoly, in which the number of firms, the number of stores and their location, and the number of varieties are endogenously determined. We show that as compared to price-then-variety and quantity-then-variety competition, location-then-variety competition with multistores yields a much richer set of equilibrium outcomes, such as market segmentation, interlacing, sandwich, and enclosure.     

ISO 10668的内容、影响与应对之策

品牌竞争已经成为国际竞争的焦点,品牌价值评估是品牌竞争的重要手段。作为世界上第一部品牌价值评估的国际标准,ISO10668的颁布实施将成为该领域一个新的里程碑。文章介绍了ISO10668的框架和主要内容,分析了它对我国可能产生的影响,并提出在我国成立品牌价值测算标准化技术委员会等相关建议。     

Interregional tax competition and intraregional political competition: The optimal provision of public goods under representative democracy

This paper explores the implications of the interaction between interregional tax competition and intraregional political competition for the optimal provision of public goods under representative democracy à la Osborne and Slivinski, 1996, Besley and Coate, 1997. As an extension of Hoyt’s (1991) finding that intensified tax competition is always harmful and aggravates the extent to which public goods are undersupplied in a region, we show that intensified tax competition can be beneficial if political as well as tax competition is considered. In particular, we identify plausible conditions under which (i) there is an optimal intensity of tax competition such that the interaction between interregional tax competition and intraregional political competition will result in the optimal provision of public goods and (ii) intensified tax competition will be beneficial if and only if the degree of tax competition is less than this optimal intensity.     

The China effect: Evidence from data at firm level in Thailand

This study investigates how competition with Chinese imports affects firms in Thailand. Using World Bank data on Thailand and United Nations trade data from 2003 to 2006, the empirical results show that there is no significant impact of Chinese import competition on employment, wages, or labor income share. However, further checks show that for firms with lower productivity, the impact on employment and labor income share is more likely to be negative. The impact of Chinese import competition on profit margins is significantly positive. Considering the impact on labor income share and profit margins, we conclude that because of Chinese import competition, income distribution possibly goes in disfavor of labor. Our study shows that the impact of Chinese import competition on the skilled labor ratio is positive and significant. This result suggests that Thai firms are on the path to skill upgrading as a result of Chinese import competition, which is helpful for Thailand’s long-run economic growth. As firms with low productivity are more likely to be negatively affected by Chinese import competition, improving productivity is still an efficient way to counter such competition.     

物流企业品牌战略研究

物流企业已进入品牌竞争的时代。目前。我国物流企业数量众多。行业内部竞争激烈。服务成本偏高。服务功能单一。客户满意度较低。中高级物流人才匮乏等因素严重制约了我国物流企业的发展．国外物流企业也纷纷涌入我国。在这种情况下。走品牌战略之路是我国物流企业发展的唯一出路。本文在对物流企业的现状进行分析的基础上。结合物流企业品牌战略的运行基础．对物流企业品牌战略的构筑和品牌战略实施的关键进行了论述。     

M5 competition uncertainty: Overdispersion,distributional forecasting,GAMLSS, and beyond

The M5 competition uncertainty track aims for probabilistic forecasting of sales of thousands of Walmart retail goods. We show that the M5 competition data face strong overdispersion and sporadic demand, especially zero demand. We discuss modeling issues concerning adequate probabilistic forecasting of such count data processes. Unfortunately, the majority of popular prediction methods used in the M5 competition (e.g. lightgbm and xgboost GBMs) fail to address the data characteristics, due to the considered objective functions. Distributional forecasting provides a suitable modeling approach to overcome those problems. The GAMLSS framework allows for flexible probabilistic forecasting using low-dimensional distributions. We illustrate how the GAMLSS approach can be applied to M5 competition data by modeling the location and scale parameters of various distributions, e.g. the negative binomial distribution. Finally, we discuss software packages for distributional modeling and their drawbacks, like the R package gamlss with its package extensions, and (deep) distributional forecasting libraries such as TensorFlow Probability.     

Did globalization reduce unionization? Evidence from US manufacturing

How do globalized economic conditions affect labor market institutions such as unionism? We draw on recent theoretical and empirical work to explore a wider set of hypotheses regarding the decline in unionization. Using a comprehensive data set of US three-digit manufacturing industries from 1973 to 1994, we test the hypothesis that domestic and international competition directly reduces unionization. Using instrumental variable regressions, we demonstrate the relevance of product market competition variables for unionization. However, we are unable to account for the unionization decline over this period. This could reflect the lagged and complex effects of competition on unionization.