城市道路拥挤定价中的交通需求分析

交通拥挤是许多城市面临的严峻挑战，路网扩张作为传统战略对减少交通拥挤作用不大，城市道路交通拥挤定价逐渐成为有吸引力的交通管理措施。本文探讨了拥挤收费政策对交通需求的影响，采用多项logit(MNL)模型和广义选择logit(GNL)模型分析拥挤收费导致出行者效用函数变化所引起的交通需求结构的变化，给出了交通需求关于拥挤收费标准的弹性计算公式．为拥挤定价政策下的城市交通规划提供需求分析技术。     

基于离散选择模型的推荐系统改进算法

准确地预估用户的点击率,并根据该概率对商品排序以供用户选择在推荐系统领域有着重要的意义。推荐系统中常用的因子分解机等机器学习模型一般只考虑用户选择单个商品的概率,忽略了候选商品之间的相互影响,离散选择模型则考虑将商品候选集作为整体进行考虑。提出了使用深度学习模型来改进离散选择模型,模型使用相对特征层、注意力机制等网络结构帮助深度学习模型进行不同商品间的特征比较,研究结果表明引入离散选择模型的深度学习模型表现优于梯度提升决策树、因子分解机等模型。     

折流板式除雾器性能数值模拟

基于Navier-Stokes 方程，分别选择四种不同湍流模型(标准k -ε模型、RSM k-ε模型、realizable k -ε模型、RNG k -ε模型)，采用计算流体动力学方法对除雾器内部流场进行数值模拟。通过对计算结果的分析比较，发现它们在除雾器流场计算中有所不同。 RSM模型能够比其他三个模型更合理地描述除雾器流场特征。采用离散项对除雾器分离效率进行了数值模拟。与实验结果对比发现RSM模型压降最符合实际，且效率计算结果也有一定参考价值，能为以后的折流板除雾器设计提供参考。     

我国房地产市场风险预警系统选择——基于二元选择模型的分析

本文在总结国内外房地产风险预警研究的基础上,论述了二元选择模型在预警房地产市场风险中的适应性,并利用我国内陆31个省市自治区1999-2012年的面板数据,对房地产市场风险预警指标的选择进行实证分析。probit模型和logit模型结果均显示:我国房地产市场风险初现,土地价格、房地产投资占固定投资的比重及房地产开发贷款额这三个指标较好地吻合了房地产市场的风险,而实际利率和房价增长率比国内生产总值的增长率对房地产市场风险没有明显的拟合作用。     

随机顾客选择需求模型及其在库存管理中的应用

分析一种随机需求模型，它的不确定性由两个不确定因素同时引起；到达市场的顾客的数量的不确定性和每个顾客选择的数量的不确定性。根据顾客选择的数量服从贝努里分布及顾客数量服从离散型分布的情况下建立了随机顾客选择需求模型，并应用于库存管理决策Newsvendor模型中。     

关于流水车间调度问题的综述

流水车间调度问题，也被称为同序作业调度问题，是许多实际流水线生产调度问题的简化模型。它无论是在离散制造工业还是在流程工业中都具有广泛的应用。因此，对其进行研究具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。本文介绍了流水车间调度问题的研究现状和几种解决方法。     

企业员工参与制度有助于劳资纠纷内部消解吗?——来自雇主—雇员匹配调查的证据

本文利用“中国雇主—雇员匹配数据追踪调查(2012)”数据,采取多层线性模型和logit回归分析影响员工选择劳资纠纷消解渠道的因素.研究发现,企业职工代表大会制度和厂务公开制度都有助于员工选择内部渠道解决劳资纠纷,而职工董事监事制度对员工选择劳资纠纷解决渠道的偏好没有显著影响.同时,在职工代表大会制度下,职工代表由员工选举会有助于这项参与制度在内部消解劳资纠纷中发挥作用.在此基础上,文章提出了完善员工参与制度运行的建议.     

文本生成模型研究

文本的生成模型是基于文本向量空间表示基础上,针对文本数据的概率表示,针对文本的产生过程进行统计建模的方法。生成模型的优势在于在准确描述表示文本的前提下,达到提高文本挖掘效率的目的。同时,根植于概率统计的生成模型,拥有一整套用于模型学习、推论、模型比较、选择的理论和方法,是其他非统计方法所无法比拟的。本文介绍了用于描述可交换的离散数据集合主要的几种概率生成模型,在向量空间表示的基础上能够捕捉不同程度的词与词之间的上下文(主题)依赖性,因而在英文文本的挖掘上得到了一定程度的应用和肯定。     

儒家文化会影响企业审计行为吗？

儒家文化作为中国非正式制度的典型代表在规范社会成员行为方面具有一定影响力。以2010—2017年A股上市公司为样本，通过logit模型分析儒家文化对审计行为的影响，研究结果表明：在审计准备期，儒家文化与选聘的事务所规模、事务所地缘关系正相关，与事务所更迭负相关，即企业更愿意选择规模较大和具有较强地缘关系的本地事务所，并且不会轻易变更与事务所的合作关系；在审计实施和终结期，儒家文化与审计延迟负相关，与审计费用正相关，并且随着儒家文化影响程度加深，非标准类审计意见的出具概率也会上升。进一步检验高管儒家文化背景和外来文化冲击影响下儒家文化对审计行为的现实效应，结果发现儒家文化仍对企业审计行为产生显著作用。     

产品生命周期中的质量波动

本文建立了一个动态规划模型，来描述垄断者对价格和质量的同时决定，其中假设成本分为两部分，一部分用来保持生产，另一部分维持质量。在这种假设下，垄断者的最优选择会使得产品生命周期上存在质量波动现象，维持不变的价格和质量只是一种不稳定的均衡。在离散模型中更显示在生命周期的尾端质量呈下降趋势。这给出了一种常见现象的可能解释。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.