通货膨胀目标制在我国的适用性分析

本文从央行操作技能、制度保障体系、市场传导机制和宏观经济环境等四个方面对通货膨胀目标制在我国的适用性进行了分析.结论表明我国已基本具备实施通货膨胀目标制的前提条件,中央银行应尽快实现由当前货币政策操作框架向通货膨胀目标制的转变.     

中国采用通货膨胀目标制的条件研究

币值稳定、货币政策工具的独立性、深化的金融系统、中央银行的责任性和透明度是采用通货膨胀目标制需要满足的现实条件.在保持经济增长前提下的币值稳定可以视作我国货币政策的首要目标,它满足了通货膨胀目标制对币值稳定的要求.人民银行货币政策工具独立性的提高、中国金融系统的逐步深化、人民银行责任性和透明度的增强为中国采用通货膨胀目标制准备了现实条件.     

中国实行通货膨胀目标制的可行性分析

通货膨胀目标制是一种以保持低而稳定的通货膨胀为首要目标的货币政策框架。本研究参照IMF提出的相关指标,并考虑到中国作为转型国家的经济特征,从中国当前经济运行中控制一般物价水平的必要性、经济结构的完善性、金融市场和银行体系的健全性、中央银行的独立性、货币政策的透明度以及央行准确预测通货膨胀的技术等方面考察了中国实行通货膨胀目标制的可行性,得出中国已经初步具备实施该货币制度的条件。并提出更彻底的制度改革将会确保中国成功实施通货膨胀目标制,从而使得宏观经济运行处于稳定的价格水平因而更有效率。     

中央银行独立性与通货膨胀关系的实证研究

对中央银行独立性问题的研究起源于对货币政策动态不一致的讨论,学者普遍认为中央银行独立性的增强有助于减轻货币政策动态不一致导致的通货膨胀.本文提出我国的央行独立性应该包括人事独立性、政策独立性和财务独立性三方面,并且用修正过的指标对我国中央银行独立性与通货膨胀之间的关系进行实证分析.在理论上分析了我国中央银行独立性可以抑制通货膨胀的两个机制:固定资产投资渠道和为了缓解收入不平等进行转移支付的渠道.     

新兴市场国家实施通货膨胀目标制的特殊性研究

本文从新兴市场国家通货膨胀目标制的实施状况的具体状况谈起,从央行独立性、财政与金融制度、流通替代与负债美元化等角度研究了新兴市场国家实施通货膨胀目标制的特殊性。     

我国实行通货膨胀目标制的可行性分析

通货膨胀目标制是基于对通货膨胀做出相对精确的预测并以稳定价格为首要目标的货币政策框架。目前国际上实现通货膨胀目标制的国家都取得了巨大的成功。考察我国的中央银行、经济和金融体系等实施通货膨胀目标制的前提条件,可以发现我国目前已经具备了一些条件,应该加速金融创新,渐进地向通货膨胀目标制政策框架转变。     

弹性通货膨胀目标制下最优政策调整期限研究

本文构造了弹性通货膨胀目标制下不同政策调整期限中央银行的总损失函数,并结合我国实际情况进行相关参数的估计和设定,得到各个政策调整期限下总损失函数的具体形式,发现该函数仅与引发通货膨胀的外在冲击有关。通过给定外在冲击,可以求解不同程度冲击下的最优政策调整期限,主要结论是选用两至三年的时间作为政策调整期限能有效降低央行总损失。对货币政策调控的启示和建议包括提高货币政策的前瞻性,确定合理的政策调整期限,保持政策的稳定性,提高中央银行信誉。     

新兴市场国家中央银行独立性的经验与启示

20世纪80年代至90年代,新兴市场国家无论是采用汇率目标,还是货币总量目标作为主要的货币政策中间目标,都面临着难以调和的困难,许多国家开始采用通货膨胀目标制,并将物价稳定作为货币政策的首要目标.为有效地实施通货膨胀目标制,新兴市场国家积极开展中央银行制度改革,提高中央银行的独立性.     

通货膨胀目标制及其在我国实施的条件分析

通货膨胀目标制是当今世界最流行的货币政策框架。现阶段,我国实施通货膨胀目标制的条件尚未成熟,为此,应从完善货币政策框架入手,积极创造实行通货膨胀目标制的必要条件。     

通货膨胀目标制的理论思考--论我国货币政策中介目标的重新界定

随着经济与金融的不断发展，货币供应量与通货膨胀率等最终目标的相关性以及货币供应量自身的可控性和可测性也受到越来越多的干扰。为此，自1990年代起，一些国家相继改弦更张，把货币政策目标由货币供应量转为通货膨胀率，由此形成所谓的通货膨胀目标制。本文运用模型分析，在封闭经济的假设基础上分别讨论了严格通货膨胀目标制和灵活通货膨胀目标制。针对我国目前的货币供应量目标缺乏有效性状况，本文认为可以借鉴通货膨胀目标制对我国货币政策中介目标进行重新界定。     

中国当前通货膨胀形成原因经验研究:2003—2007年

2003年以来,我国新一轮通货膨胀具有结构性、非平衡性、温和性、不确定性和信念不一致性等特点。我国新一轮通货膨胀到目前为止,同时具有需求拉动通货膨胀和成本推动通货膨胀的特征,但流动性过剩对当前居民消费价格上涨的影响还不明显。因此,对我国当前通货膨胀进行治理应当着眼于当前通货膨胀的形成机制,而不是盲目实施紧缩性货币政策和财政政策。     

中国宏观经济形势与政策:2008-2009年

2008年,中国经济景气进入到本次经济周期的收缩阶段,在将核心CPI指数通货膨胀率控制在2%以下的同时实现略低于10%的实际GDP增长速度。2009年,中国宏观经济管理应该在长期中性的需求管理原则指导下,建立以促进国内投资需求为核心的政策体系,采取扩张性财政政策和货币政策支持中国经济持续快速增长。     

从历次通货膨胀看我国当前宏观调控政策选择

目前,我国物价持续上涨,居民消费价格指数、生产者价格指数等各种物价指数居高不下,通货膨胀已经初露端倪。继续加息和提高准备金率会带来较大隐患,货币政策只有与财政政策、汇率政策等组合政策配合,减少自身数量指标控制,加大其结构指标调整,才能更好地解决物价上涨问题。     

人民币升值与CPI上涨

伴随着人民币的升值,我国的通货膨胀率也大幅上扬,出现了不同于经济学经典理论的特征,主要原因是美元贬值、国际大宗商品价格上涨、我国外贸依存度逐年增高、对国际市场依赖性加深以及近年来我国快速增长的需求拉动了相关产品的国际市场价格。央行当前货币政策将把控制物价上涨、抑制通货膨胀放在更加突出的位置。在目前的环境之下,我国应采取人民币加速升值的策略。     

货币供应量能预测中国通货膨胀吗?

研究表明,M0,M1,M2均对我国通货膨胀没有影响,且不能预测通货膨胀。因此,在短期内不能单纯采用控制货币供应量的货币政策来治理通货膨胀。但是,即便货币供应量对通货膨胀没有影响,仍不能否认货币供应量作为中介目标的意义,也不意味着可以任意地发行货币。     

Inflation volatility,economic growth and monetary policy in Bangladesh

This article provides an overview of the trends and movements of CPI-inflation in Bangladesh since the early 1950s and examines the key issues in rule-based monetary policy for price stability, implying low and stable inflation, in this country. Under a fixed exchange rate system, inflation in Bangladesh was moderately high and volatile during the 1950s and 1960s. Since the country’s independence from Pakistan in 1971, inflation in Bangladesh has remained moderately high on average and highly volatile and persistent under a fixed-pegged exchange rate system or under a managed floating system since 2003. Using data from the early 1970s or earlier depending on data availability, the article undertakes both Granger-causality and the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) analysis with two models. The first model is comprised of such variables as inflation, the real interest rate, the real exchange rate and output growth, and the second model is comprised of the volatilities of money growth, real output growth and inflation. Then, based on the empirical findings, the article concludes that a rule-based monetary policy, namely monetary targeting or inflation targeting, remains appropriate for Bangladesh provided that it adopts a more flexible, if not freely floating, exchange rate system. The article suggests that the use of monetary policy to achieve multiple objectives under a fixed-pegged exchange rate system creates a time-inconsistency problem, reduces monetary policy credibility and makes it (monetary policy) ineffective in lowering inflation and its volatility. Low credibility of monetary policy in particular raises inflation persistence. Within the present monetary-policy framework in Bangladesh, the article illustrates how the fixed-pegged exchange rate system has generated money growth volatility in the presence of large-scale inflows of overseas workers’ remittances and readymade garments export earnings. This does not seem to be a concern of the central bank of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bank); rather, it (Bangladesh Bank) pursues monetary-base targeting to keep inflation low and stable after considering economic growth. The consequent diminishing credibility of monetary policy has kept inflation volatile and persistent, which has adversely affected economic growth.     

Selecting Your Inflation Targeters: Background and Performance of Monetary Policy Committee Members

Abstract. This paper starts by describing the composition of monetary policy committees (MPCs) in inflation‐targeting and non‐targeting countries. The experience of MPC members on their inflation performance is then compared, opposing inflation targeters with non‐targeters. Our sample covers the major Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, in the period 1999–2008. Our results first show that MPCs are different in inflation‐targeting (versus non‐targeting) countries. They also reveal that policy‐makers' backgrounds influence inflation, and that the influence of MPCs' experience is much greater in inflation‐targeting countries, while size effects are more important for committees that do not target inflation.     

Inflation targeting and the need for a new central banking framework

This article critically analyzes inflation targeting (IT) both theoretically and empirically. IT came into prominence in the 1990s and 1 central bank after another adopted this regime in the 1990s and 2000s. Proponents of IT mainly argued that IT regime was successful on the grounds that it resulted in lower inflation rates and hence better economic performances. However, inflation rates in the world were in a downward trend from the 1980s well into the 2000s, and both IT and non-IT regimes managed to decrease their inflation rates. In addition, focusing too much on price stability through IT paved the way for permanently higher than necessary interest rates and disinflationary “tight” monetary policy periods when inflation rate was above an arbitrarily targeted level. Tight monetary policy can and do affect the real economy negatively and overemphasizing price stability may hurt the economy in terms of lower potential output, decreasing investment and more unequal income distribution. Post Keynesians offer valuable alternatives within the framework of parking-it approach to the existing monetary policy paradigm. Our main conclusion is that central banks should set the policy interest rate as low as possible and keep it there, in line with Keynesian “cheap money” policy.     

通货膨胀目标制的模式及作用机制浅探

通货膨胀目标制是20世纪90年代兴起的一种新的货币政策框架,目前已经在不同地区、不同类型的国家中得到了广泛的应用,并取得良好的效果。通货膨胀这一经济现象是无法完全消灭的,而其失控会不可避免的对经济各方面造成不良的影响。通胀目标制不同于其他货币制度之处就在于它是在通货膨胀失控之前就采取有效措施来预防,而不是每次都等到损害已经造成后再补救。因此,对通货膨胀目标制的定义、模式、作用机制及政策效果进行分析就很有必要,它为中国的货币政策改革提供了一种选择。     

Is inflation targeting feasible in Poland?

In this paper we analyze whether inflation targeting is feasible in Poland. There are at least three prerequisites for successful inflation targeting: 1) central bank independence, 2) a high degree of central bank accountability, transparency, and communication to the public, and 3) a predictable and stable relationship between inflation and the instruments of monetary policy. While the first two prerequisites are relatively easy to analyze, the third criterion requires formal statistical analysis, which we undertake in this paper. The first two prerequisites for targeting are found to be met in Poland, and the empirical analysis shows some evidence of significant relationships between inflation and monetary instruments in Poland. Hence inflation targeting appears feasible in Poland.