居民旅游影响感知测量量表开发的实证研究

居民对旅游影响的感知是衡量旅游目的地影响的有效途径.本文针对居民旅游影响感知衡量标准不一致,测量量表缺乏信度和效度检验的现象,通过对国内外著名旅游专家的访谈和中国旅游目的地的实证调研,运用统计分析的方法开发了中国居民旅游影响感知的测量量表,该量表包括居民旅游正面影响感知3个维度11个题项,负面影响感知3个维度11个题项.统计检验和实证分析的结果表明,可用该量表对中国居民旅游影响感知进行评估和测度.     

民族村寨居民旅游影响感知对旅游支持行为的影响异质性研究

基于认知—情感—行为动态变化视角揭示旅游支持行为形成机制是新的研究探索。文章以不同旅游生命周期阶段的民族村寨居民为研究对象,利用结构方程模型探讨了旅游影响感知、地方依恋对旅游支持行为的影响异质性。研究表明：不同旅游发展阶段旅游积极感知对旅游支持行为的正向影响无显著差异,但旅游消极感知对旅游支持行为的影响存在显著差异;不同旅游发展阶段旅游积极感知和消极感知对地方依恋的影响均存在显著差异,地方依恋对旅游支持行为的正向影响也存在显著差异;不同旅游发展阶段的地方依恋在旅游影响感知和旅游支持行为之间的中介作用存在显著差异。     

旅游目的地人为导致类危机属性构成:测量量表开发的视角

在国内外学者对危机属性研究的理论基础上,文章以2013年新疆巴楚恐怖袭击事件和2014年昆明火车站砍人事件为具体研究案例,开发旅游目的地人为导致类危机属性的测量量表,并采用探索性因子分析和3次验证性因子分析,探讨并检验此类危机事件的属性构成,然后关联这些属性维度对游客行为意图的影响.研究结果表明:研究所开发的量表整体结构良好,信度和效度都处于较好的水平,具有一定的稳定性和较好的适用性;可以认为旅游目的地人为导致类危机的属性构成基本包括了危害性、突发性、模糊性、机遇性、紧迫性、持续性、可能性和可控性等8个维度;旅游目的地人为导致类危机的各个属性对游客行为意图的影响有明显差异.同时,还对研究的理论意义、实践启示等进行了探讨.     

重大事件游客感知价值维度模型及实证研究——以2010上海世博会国内游客为例

文章采用SPSS18.0和AMOS17.0数据分析软件对上海世博会国内游客调研数据进行分析与处理,构建重大事件国内游客感知价值的测量维度模型,并进行测度研究,结果显示：①上海世博会国内游客感知价值包括服务价值、美感价值、效用价值、愉悦价值、感知价格、方便价值等6个测量维度。②上海世博会游客感知价值在服务价值、美感价值、效用价值、愉悦价值等维度上测量均值较高,整体感知价值达到满意水平;相对而言,感知价格、方便价值等维度均值偏低,需求刚性、不规则性和市场供求关系是主因。③感知价值与各测量维度之间存在多元线性关系,其相关性强弱依次是效用价值、愉悦价值、美感价值、服务价值、感知价格、便利价值。该研究结论推进了游客感知价值理论和测度方法的实证应用,对世博会等同类国际性重大事件的可持续发展具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

消费者旅游感知风险维度识别及差异分析

旅游感知风险是影响消费者旅游决策的关键因素, 对感知风险的维度识别与影响因素的研究尤为重要。该研究通过文献分析、预调研、大样本调查和探索性因子分析得出旅游消费者基于损失分类的感知风险维度, 研究发现, 除身体风险、功能风险、财务风险、沟通风险、心理风险、社会风险6个基本感知风险维度外, 还存在服务风险、设施风险和沟通风险3个旅游消费情境下特定的感知风险维度。通过方差分析, 发现在不同的消费者人口统计特征和旅游行为特征下, 各维度的感知风险水平存在显著差异。     

旅游地属性与旅游者感知态度和购后行为的关系——以九寨沟风景区为例

识别旅游地的属性对于旅游地形象、满意度以及旅游者的重游意愿和推荐意愿的效用是非常重要的.本文以九寨沟风景区为案例,采用因子分析和回归分析等方法,研究发现:①九寨沟风景区地方属性可以分为资源价值和人文环境氛围、接待服务、自然旅游资源和环境3个维度.②不是九寨沟所有的地方属性都对其形象的形成、满意度、重游意愿和推荐意愿有显著作用,在18个属性中只有11个属性与旅游者的感知态度和购后行为有关.可以构建旅游地属性与旅游者的感知和态度关系的结构模型.③九寨沟风景区地方属性的效用和感知质量的高低是不完全耦合关系.研究可以为旅游地的旅游开发与管理提供建议,有助于旅游地采取针对性的改善措施与市场营销策略.     

旅游宣传片的说服效应——基于危机情境的纵向跟踪实验研究

旅游宣传片是旅游目的地危机管理的重要营销工具,目前关于旅游宣传片说服效应的纵向跟踪研究缺乏。文章基于巴厘岛阿贡火山连续爆发事件,采用情境实验法探究不同类型旅游宣传片对潜在市场群体的说服效应。研究发现:全景综述型旅游宣传片的短期说服效应更好,危机主题导向型旅游宣传片的长期说服效应更好。在短期说服效应上,全景综述型旅游宣传片正向显著影响认知形象中的自然环境、娱乐活动、宗教氛围、旅游基础设施、感知安全、情感形象和行为意愿;危机主题导向型旅游宣传片正向显著影响认知形象中的宗教氛围、感知安全、情感形象和行为意愿。在长期说服效应上,危机主题导向型旅游宣传片正向显著影响认知形象中的宗教氛围、感知安全和行为意愿;全景综述型旅游宣传片正向显著影响认知形象中的宗教氛围和感知安全。文章为进一步了解旅游宣传片说服效应的时间效度提供了理论依据,也为危机情境中旅游目的地营销组织在旅游宣传片的营销与建设上提供了实践指导。     

生态住宿体验和个人涉入度对游客环保行为意向的影响研究

本文从游客对旅游住宿产品体验和感知的视角,研究生态住宿体验和个人涉入度对游客环保行为意向的影响。结果表明:(1)游客的生态住宿体验和个人涉入度对游客的环保行为意向具有显著的正向影响;(2)个人涉入度包括"感知重要性与娱乐价值"、"符号价值"、"风险可能性"和"风险重要性"4个维度;其中"感知重要性与娱乐价值"及"符号价值"对游客的环保行为意向表现出显著的正向影响,而"风险可能性"和"风险重要性"对环保行为意向的影响不显著;(3)生态意识的调节效应显著。该结论对于丰富国内外相关研究具有一定的理论价值,为旅游住宿企业开发产品的价值诉求提供决策参考。     

旅游市场不诚信行为研究:以安徽省旅行社为例

旅游诚信危机近年来愈演愈烈,严重影响旅游业的健康发展。文章以安徽合肥、芜湖和黄山三地旅行社从业人员为研究对象,识别出旅游市场的30个不诚信行为,采用重要性—绩效分析模型(IPA)的研究方法,对不诚信行为进行评价和讨论,得到4种类型的旅游市场不诚信行为:第一类不诚信行为影响较大,存在较多;第二类影响较大,但存在不多;第三类影响较小,存在较少;第四类影响较小,但存在较多。此外,采用方差分析对不同工作年限下的旅行社从业人员进行分析,比较发现不同工作年限下的员工对不诚信行为的感知和评价存在差异。4类不诚信行为的感知与评价以及不同受访者之间的感知差异可以为旅游市场诚信建设提供理论指导。     

基于旅游经历的目的地吸引力感知差异研究

关于旅游经历对旅游者目的地感知的影响,现有的研究文献从感知形象和感知价值等方面进行了探讨,但尚未出现从目的地感知吸引力角度进行的相关研究。目的地的初游者和重游者代表着两类具有不同旅游经历的目的地游客,本文的研究目的在于探讨二者对旅游目的地吸引力的感知及其差异。实证研究结果表明,目的地感知吸引力包含了整体环境吸引和观光体验吸引两个维度,重游者在整体环境吸引上的感知显著高于初游者,二者在观光体验吸引的感知上没有显著差异。     

基于网络文本内容分析的重大事件意义研究——以2011西安世界园艺博览会为例

事件意义及事件体验是事件研究的核心所在.文章基于个人建构理论,以2011西安世界园艺博览会为例,从网友许愿的角度来探讨重大事件的意义结构.采用ROSTWordParser软件对网友在开幕前和开幕后的许愿辞进行内容分析和对比研究,比较开幕前后网友对世园会的不同希望和感受,剖析网友许愿辞的话语意义,阐释许愿辞与重大事件的联系,在此基础上构建一个两维三结构的重大事件意义体系框架.对网友在开幕前后的许愿辞进行对比分析发现:(1)网友在开幕前后均对重大事件举办地给予了较高的关注；(2)网友在开幕后更加强烈地表达个人对家庭的爱或履行其家庭责任；(3)开幕前,网友侧重于体现出“主人”的自我形象,网友在开幕后更多体现的则是“客人”的自我形象,也更明显地感知到重大事件与个人的利益联系.     

The Impact of a Mega Event on Visitors’ Attitude Toward Hosting Destination: Using Trust Transfer Theory

Despite the popularity of festivals and events, event managers and the hosting countries are not certain whether a successful event leads to favorable attitudes toward the hosting country. This study based on trust transfer theory considers the impact of attitude toward a mega event on attitude toward the hosting country. The study also examines two dimensions of perceived value related to the Shanghai Expo and their influences on attitude toward the event. The study finds that both emotional and functional dimensions of value offered by the Expo are important for evaluation of the event, although functional value is considered more important than emotional value. Supporting trust transfer theory, the study shows that attitude toward a mega event influences attitude toward the hosting country. The study also finds that both attitude toward a mega event and attitude toward the hosting country have a positive impact on visitors’ intentions to revisit China.     

Research on Foreign Tourists’ Satisfaction with the 2010 Shanghai World Expo: Based on the Blogs at a Travel Website

By applying the methods of content analysis and importance-performance analysis to the blogs on http://www.travelblog.org, a popular international website for travel bloggers, this study identifies that foreign tourists’ satisfaction with the 2010 Shanghai World Expo mainly depended on three dimensions: The urban environment, the quality of tourists’ visit to the Expo, and the tourists’ own status. Based on fuzzy evaluation and importance-performance analysis, the study concludes that foreign tourists’ overall degree of satisfaction with the Shanghai World Expo is 6.15 on a 10-point scale and suggests that the quality of exhibits, the touring environment, staff training, and tourist behavior are key elements in the on-site management of major events.     

Examining Relationships among Expo Experiences,Service Quality,Satisfaction, and the Effect of the Expo: The Case of the Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea

The enduring legacy of a mega-event can be the unique opportunities it provides for visitors. Thus, focusing on the visitors’ experiences should be a priority for the tourism industry. Festivals and mega-events are typical experiential products that provide high-quality experiences in the field of tourism. This study examines Pine and Gilmore's concept of the experience economy in the context of a mega-event. Specifically, the relationships among Expo experience, quality, satisfaction, and the effect of the Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea are examined. This study empirically tests whether the Expo experience and Expo quality influence visitor satisfaction. It also investigates whether visitor satisfaction influences the effect of the Expo. A self-administered survey was conducted for visitors (N?=?377) of the Expo. The results of testing Pine and Gilmore's concept of the experience economy reveal that among four dimensions, esthetic experience followed by entertainment experience were the most important experiences influencing visitor satisfaction. The results also show that the effect of the Yeosu Expo was determined by Expo satisfaction. However, the findings indicate that educational and escape experiences were not closely related to satisfaction for Expo visitors.     

Estimating the economic impact of a mega-event on host and neighbouring regions

Although mega-events impact the host region, as well as, neighbouring regions, geographical distribution of the economic impact of mega-events is mostly neglected in the literature. To address this gap, this study estimated the economic impact of the Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea (BIE International Expo) on the host and neighbouring regions using a regional input–output model. Results indicate that visitors to the Yeosu Expo spent US$388?million in the host region and $105?million in the neighbouring regions. These expenditures generated $658?million in output impact, $162?million in income impact, $361?million in value-added impact, and 19,029 added jobs. Findings suggest that approximately 80% of the impacts are generated in the host region and 20% experienced by the neighbouring regions. The distribution of economic impacts between the host and neighbouring regions should be considered when discussing mega-event impacts.     

The Influence of Travel Motives on Visitor Happiness Attending a Wedding Expo

Events are an important motivator in travel and tourism, therefore contributing to related benefits at the tourism destination. This study presents the findings of a structural equation model used to investigate the factors that motivate visitors attending a Wedding Expo and how these travel motives influence their happiness. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to visitors attending the Wedding Expo in Johannesburg, South Africa. The data from 375 (N) eligible questionnaires was captured and analyzed using SPSS. From the study’s findings, managerial recommendations were made with the aim of maximising the happiness of visitors attending the Wedding Expo. The study found that satisfaction with life and happiness of visitors attending a Wedding Expo is enhanced more by the event’s attributes/attractiveness and enhancement of kinship/relationship than by the event’s novelty. The research contributes to the literature related to events management, happiness, and marketing management in tourism.     

Online Shopping of Travel Products: A Study of Influence of Each Dimension of travelers' Attitudes and the Impact of travelers' Online Shopping Experiences on Their Purchase Intentions

This study examines the impact of three attributes (perception of convenience, perception of merchandise options, and perception of value) on travelers' attitudes toward different online agencies online shopping for travel products and the impact of online shopping experiences on their online purchase intentions. The collected data arises from an Internet survey of registered members of an online travel service company that caters to leisure travelers. The study finds that perceptions of convenience and value are two valid dimensions that measure travelers' attitudes. Findings also confirm that those two attitudes' attributes and travelers' online shopping experiences exert significant influence on their online purchase intentions. Travelers have a more positive attitude toward travel portal websites than toward companies' branded websites in terms of perception of convenience, perception of merchandise options, and perception of value.     

Residents’ attitudes toward the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai prior to and during the event

This paper examines residents’ attitudes to a major non-sport-related mega event, the 2010 Shanghai Expo. Resident attitudes research can ascertain how best to accommodate host community views, a key issue in developing sustainable tourism strategies. The paper breaks new ground by examining attitudes both before and during the event, revealing considerable fluidity in attitudes, and it examines residents’ attitudes in China, reflecting the importance of non-western cultural and political systems on attitude development. The paper contributes to longitudinal research, an area where little research is available. Two studies were conducted before and during the 2010 Shanghai World Expo using the same survey instrument. It is based on a representative sample of residents of Shanghai who were asked about their attitudes to Expo 2010. Results indicate that residents on the whole strongly supported (77.9%) or supported (12.7%) the event with all the average scores of the attitude items higher than 5 (on a 1–7 scale). Some negative impacts were identified such as increased prices, traffic problems, crowding and congestion. Residents were classified into three groups in the pre-event survey (whole embracer, ambivalent embracer and neutralist), according to their level of support, and two groups for the survey during the event.     

Examining the Quality Antecedents and Moderating Effects of Experiential Value in a Mega-Event

This study aims to explore (1) the underlying dimensions of experiential value (EV), (2) the quality antecedents of EV, and (3) the moderating effects of EV on the relationships between the quality dimensions of Expo 2012, Yeosu, Korea, and visitor satisfaction. Although gaining event experience is a crucial reason why event visitors attend certain events, EV has yet to be fully investigated in event literature. This study offers an expanded view of the event consumption experience from the EV perspective, thus contributing to the event literature, particularly by investigating the unexplored aspect of event visitors’ behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are also discussed.