How to lengthen,deepen and broaden customer–firm relationships with online financial services?

This study aims to examine the influence of online relationship marketing on consolidating online customer–firm relationships. Through developing an empirical model, this research explores the links between online relationship bonds (financial, social and structural bond), online relationship satisfaction and commitment, and online relationship length, depth and breadth with the online financial services. Data from 686 online customers of a security corporation indicates that online relationship bonds influence online relationship satisfaction and commitment, except for the link between financial bond and relationship commitment. Results also identify that online relationship satisfaction influences relationship length and depth, whereas online relationship commitment has a positive impact on relationship length, depth and breadth. In sum, this study concludes that financial bond is the most important attribute in enhancing online relationship length, whereas structural bond contributes a lot to online relationship depth and breadth.     

审计关系的理论分析:受托责任还是委托代理

审计关系是包括审计委托人、审计人(审计受托人)、被审计人的三方关系,其中包括双重代理关系,其一是审计委托人与被审计人的管理或经营代理关系,其二是审计委托人与审计人的审计代理关系。应采取有效对策解决审计关系中存在的代理成本问题以及各有侧重的个性化问题。     

基于Kraljic模型的石化企业供应商关系分类研究

对供应商关系进行分类管理,发展与供应商的"增值"关系,是现代企业经营管理的焦点.通过分析石化企业供应商关系管理演变,以L炼油厂为例,基于Krabic模型将石化企业采购物资按照战略重要性和市场供给风险两个维度进行分类,并以此确定石化企业供应商关系的三种类型:战略合作型关系、逆向拍卖型和反向营销型.     

Establishing bank–corporate relationships and building competitive advantages

This article investigates how banks build competitive advantage through relationship banking. Using a grounded theory approach, 29 interviews were conducted with relationship managers and corporate banking directors in 21 case banks from 2004 to 2008. Grounded theory models were developed to illustrate the value creation process in relationship banking. It was found that long-term bank–corporate relationships were established through trust-based personal communications. In the case, banks customer information and knowledge advantages were created. Risk-adjusted returns on assets were used to measure customer relationship performance, and relationship managers were rewarded accordingly. The interviewees thought that bank performance could be improved by managing customer credit risk and identifying cross-selling opportunities. This study starts to open up the ‘black box’ of how banks create shareholder value through relationship banking, provides a picture of relationship banking as a social phenomenon, and supplies some theoretical and managerial implications. The article also links the literature relevant to relationship banking from different disciplines. This is a new way of looking at the relationship banking phenomenon and relevant literature in an integrated manner.     

When does relationship lending start to pay?

This paper empirically characterizes relationship lending using data from more than 20,000 loans of a Spanish bank to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study analyzes the pricing determinants of loans to firms based on the entire previous bank–firm relationship, allowing for the identification of nonlinear pricing patterns in the bank–firm relationship. We show that firms only start capitalizing the gains of relationship lending when the relationship extends beyond two years. This reduction in the loan rate spread charged is driven by the opaque firms, for which the acquisition of “soft” information is especially relevant. Finally, we find that relationship lending significantly mitigates the increased costs of refinancing loans along two dimensions: relationship duration and having additional contracts—other than loans—with the bank.     

银行改革对银企关系的影响

随着银行改革的不断深入,银行与企业之间关系的变化已经成为业内关注的话题。毫无疑问,银行改革必定会对银企关系产生一定的影响。本文从银行改革的背景、银行改革的内容、银行改革对银企关系的影响和新型银企关系的构建四个方面进行了阐述,并得出银行改革将促进建立新型银企关系的结论。     

Stock returns and beta,firms size,E/P,CF/P,book-to-market,and sales growth: evidence from Singapore and Malaysia

Using data from Singapore and Malaysia for the period 1988–1996, this paper examines the relationship between stock returns and beta, size, the earnings-to-price ratio, the cash flow-to-price ratio, the book-to-market equity ratio, and sales growth (SG). We find the presence of anomalies in these emerging markets. There is a conditional relationship between beta and stock returns for both countries. During months with positive market excess returns, there is a significant positive relationship. We also find a negative relationship between beta and stock returns during months with negative market excess returns. We document the existence of a negative relationship between stock returns and size for both countries. For Singapore, we also document a negative relationship between returns and SG. For Malaysia, we find a positive relationship between returns and the E/P ratio. These relationships are only significant in non-January months.     

Does bank relationship matter for a firm's investment and financial constraints? The case of Taiwan

This paper investigates the effects of a bank relationship on reducing a firm's financial asymmetric information in an investment function. A bank relationship is proxied by the number of banks that a firm engages for its borrowing activities. A bank relationship is further divided into two regimes, i.e., a strong and a weak bank relationship regime, where the former is defined as one with smaller number of loan related-bank, and the latter is one with a greater number. It is expected that a strong bank relationship reduces the asymmetric information, i.e., investment cash-flow sensitivity here. Based on the examination of unique Taiwanese bank transaction data, our results show that investment is less sensitive to cash flow when a firm has a strong bank relationship. This implies that the firm holds less cash flow in hand for future investment expenditures. By contrast, when a firm has a weak bank relationship, the investment is sensitive to cash-flow. Our results are robust regardless if the bank relationship is proxied by either the loan amount or loan duration.     

Impact of the Heterogeneity in Market Power on the Relationship Between Risk Taking and Competition: Case of the Chilean Banking Sector

Until the end of the 1990s, the existence of a negative relationship between banking competition and stability was generally accepted in the economic literature. Since then, a new point of view has emerged questioning this relationship and instead argues about the existence of a positive relationship between these two variables. This paper studies the impact of the heterogeneity in market power on this relationship through the case of the Chilean banking sector. The results indicate that this kind of heterogeneity can play an important role in the relationship between risk taking and competition.     

声誉模型视角的商业银行关系营销策略研究

根据菲利普·科特勒关于关系营销的建议,商业银行对客户实施关系营销有效的深度是不同的。商业银行与客户的关系是一种既竞争又合作的关系,声誉模型可以为商业银行有效实施关系营销策略提供支持。研究发现：商业银行应该选择“合作策略”彰显良好声誉,选择具有良好声誉的客户合作,并着力发展优质的忠诚客户。     

The political economy of relationship banking

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, banks need to reevaluate their position in light of profound changes in the economic, social, and political landscape. On the one hand, we emphasize the benefits of relationship banking, which establishes close contact with bank customers. Through a long-term orientation, relationship banking aligns incentives and supports the long-term needs of bank customers, leading to reduced inequality and greater firm innovation. On the other hand, the interaction between politics and relationship banking can have dark sides. First, with new borders arising and competition in banking affected, relationship banking might be particularly prone to political interference. Second, a shock to the relationship bank can be transmitted to its borrowers. We analyze how relationship banking can overcome its drawbacks.     

The value of relationship banking: International evidence

This paper analyses whether repeated borrowing from the same bank affects loan contract terms. We find that relationship loans pay less spread and require less collateral compared to non-relationship loans. These effects for relationship loans are not derived from differences between relationship and nonrelationship loans. The reduction of interest rate spread for relationship loans disappeared during the financial crisis. The results also reveal that borrowers paid higher interest rate spreads, had to post more collateral and the maturity was shortened during the crisis period. The reduction in interest rate spread and collateral depends on the protection of creditors’ rights. In countries where creditors’ rights are well protected, relationship loans pay less spread and are required to post less collateral than relationship loans in countries with weak protection of creditors’ rights.     

Are Controlling Shareholders Influencing the Relationship Between CSR and Earnings Quality? Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

This article examines how controlling shareholders may affect the relationship between the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings quality. We find that controlling shareholders have a significant impact on the relationship between the level of CSR and earnings quality; the relationship between the level of CSR and earnings quality is significantly positive in privately owned enterprises but not state-owned enterprises; and, among state-owned enterprises, the relationship is weaker at enterprises controlled by the central government than at those controlled by local governments. Our article highlights the differential impacts of controlling shareholders on the relationship between CSR and earnings quality.     

Online relationship marketing and affective customer commitment – The mediating role of trust

The pervasive use of information technology has implications for consumer relationship management among financial services organisations. There is a need for increased understanding of how digital channels might influence the development and maintenance of firm–customer relationships and in particular the role of the Internet upon commitment and trust outcomes. Thus, this research aims to determine the relationship between online relationship marketing practices and affective customer commitment, and how this relationship is mediated by online channel trust. Data were collected from 200 online retail bank customers and Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the impact of five key online relationship marketing practices on affective commitment, and how trust mediates these relationships. We found that advocacy and collaboration have a direct relationship with affective commitment, while trust mediates the influence of engagement and personalisation on affective commitment. The article highlights the significance of trust in technology when using online channels to build customer relationships.     

The firm''s leverage-cash flow relationship

Two separate strands of the literature on capital structure under asymmetric information consider the relationship between a firm's financial leverage and cash flow. Signalling theory suggests a positive relationship, while pecking order behavior implies a negative relationship. These contrasting theoretical implications appear contradictory. However, both are supported in different bodies of empirical literature. Leverage-changing event studies tend to support a positive relationship while cross-sectional studies typically reveal a negative relationship. This paper proposes that the appropriate pecking order relationship is contemporaneous — between current leverage and current cash flow, while the relevant signalling relationship is intertemporal-between current leverage and future cash flow. A dynamic simultaneous equations model is built which allows the firm's leverage, cash flow, and risk to interact jointly in the same period, as well as across time. Empirical results reveal that, in the same time period, leverage and cash flow tend to be negatively related, while across time leverage is positively related to future cash flow. Thus the apparent contradictions in the theoretical and empirical literature may be reconciled by considering both the contemporaneous and dynamic aspects of the firm's leverage/cash flow relationship.     

中小企业客户关系管理现状与问题研究

客户关系管理是一种以“客户关系一对一理论”为基础,旨在改善企业与客户之间关系的新型管理机制.本文综述了CRM的发展现状,对中小企业客户关系管理实施中存在的一些具体问题进行了系统的总结,包括CRM软件选型难和基础信息缺乏、忽视业务流程重组、CRM理念未能融入企业文化以及中小企业对客户信息认识性不够等问题,并针对这些问题,提出了有效改进BPR与CRM的关系、建立有效的激励和管理机制等相应对策.展望了CRM在我国中小企业发展中的重要作用,提出CRM是现代中小企业发展的必由之路.     

On the conditional relationship between beta and return in international stock returns

This paper examines the conditional relationship between beta and return in international stock returns between January 1970 and July 1998 using the approach of Pettengill et al. [Pettengill, G., Sundaran, S., & Mathur, I. (1995). The conditional relation between beta and return. J Financ Quant Anal, 30, 101–116] (1995).Consistent with previous research, there is a flat unconditional relationship between beta and return. However, when the sample is split into up market and down market months, there is support for the relationship. There is a significant positive relationship between beta and return in up market months and a significant negative relationship between beta and return in down market months. Subsidiary results highlight a January effect in the conditional beta and return relationship.     

关于建立国家统一会计核算制度的若干问题

建立国家统一会计核算制度非常必要。在建立过程中 ,有两个基本问题需要澄清 ,即会计标准的表现形式不是唯一的、会计标准也不存在绝对的优劣之分 ;有五个基本关系需要处理好 ,即会计核算制度与会计准则的关系、会计核算制度与税法的关系、会计核算制度与财务制度的关系、会计核算制度“新”和“旧”的关系、会计核算制度与国际会计惯例的关系。此外 ,为建立好国家统一会计核算制度 ,还需要设计好会计核算制度框架     

对我国股票收益率与通货膨胀率关系的解释：1992-2007

股票收益率和通货膨胀率之间既可以正相关,也可以负相关。如果通货膨胀率的上升动力来自于供给冲击,那么两者负相关;如果来自于需求冲击则正相关。同一时期的正负相关关系取决于供给和需求冲击动力的相对重要性。对我国1992年5月至2007年8月实践的检验表明,整个样本期间内股票收益率和通货膨胀率相关性不明显。在1992年5月至1999年12月期间,供给冲击大于需求冲击的影响,导致股票收益率和通货膨胀率负相关,但2000年1月至2007年8月,同样是供给冲击大于需求冲击的影响,却导致两者正相关。其中的原因在于,2000年后国民经济中供需结构失衡,名义上的供给冲击转变成实际上的需求冲击,从而导致股票收益率和通货膨胀率正相关。政策当局在吸收过多流动性的同时,应加快经济结构调整,从根本上解决供需失衡问题。     

Effects of Ownership Structure on Capital Structure of Indian Listed Firms: Role of Business Groups vis-à-vis Stand-Alone Firms

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between promoter ownership and capital structure of firms’ using a sample of Indian publicly listed firms for the period from 2006 to 2013. We find that the relationship between promoter ownership and leverage is inversely U-shaped in group-affiliated firms, whereas in stand-alone firms there is a U-shaped relationship. We argue that a substantial presence of family owners and the selection of managers from within the family play some role for such relationship in group-affiliated firms. On the other hand, the argument for observed relationship in stand-alone firms follows from alignment hypothesis, entrenchment hypothesis, managerial risk aversion hypothesis, and active monitoring hypothesis.