两级物流模式下合作广告模型分析:基于博弈理论

从博弈论的角度出发,分别研究了由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的两级物流模式在Stackelberg主从博弈、纳什均衡和合作博弈下的合作广告模型,并通过比较三种博弈关系下的广告投资水平,制造商,零售商和供应链的总利润,得到了在合作博弈下,双方通过制定恰当的合作广告分担比率可以获得比非合作博弈更高利润的结论,为物流系统成员制定合作广告策略提供了理论依据.     

考虑强势零售商压价和投资行为的供应链协调

中国流通产业的零供矛盾日益凸显,针对强势零售商的压价问题构建博弈模型并分析其对供应链协调的影响。在由单制造商和单零售商构成的二级供应链中,考虑零售商在主导产品零售价格的同时,通过增加广告投入或提高服务水平等市场投资措施刺激产品需求,探讨当零售商运用其较强的议价能力对制造商提出的批发价进行强制压价时,双方如何通过合作博弈寻找最佳策略。发现在一定的条件下,强势零售商的压价行为不仅可以提升品牌商誉,更能帮助实现供应链协调。     

基于博弈论的供应链价格与质量决策问题研究

文章建立了一个由单制造商与单零售商组成的两级供应链模型。在完全信息静态博弈、完全信息动态博弈与供应链协同合作三种情况下,分析了供应链的价格一质量均衡：研究发现,在非合作博弈下,制造商与零售商更倾向于完全信息动态博弈：在协同合作情况下．供应链能取得比非合作情况下更大的利润。文章使用Rubinstein讨价还价模型对增加的利润进行了分配。     

公平关切下考虑成本分担的绿色供应链决策研究

文章针对绿色产品研发的制造商和绿色营销活动的零售商组成的绿色供应链,在考虑制造商存在公平关切的情形下,分析无成本分担、制造商分担营销成本和零售商分担绿色研发成本行为对绿色供应链定价策略及利润的影响,并分析不同分担模式下决策结果的差异性。结论表明：制造商公平关切对供应链成员不利;零售商成本分担能够提高制造商和零售商的利润;两种分担模式都能刺激制造商的绿色研发投入。研究有助于供应链企业在契约合作方面作出更好的决策。     

考虑消费者购买行为的新能源汽车供应链最优控制决策

面对日益激烈的市场竞争和多样化市场需求,新能源汽车除了应对传统燃油车的竞争,还面临新能源汽车企业间的竞争。因此,基于消费者心理行为驱动的新能源汽车供应链成员之间的创新和广告投入合作变得尤为重要。为此,从消费者视角,即从满意度和参考价格效应出发,分析新能源汽车制造商和零售商组成的两级供应链合作决策问题,通过建立Nash非合作博弈、Stackelberg主从博弈以及集中决策三种博弈模型,并运用最优控制理论得到了供应链成员的最优均衡策略。分析结果表明：参考价格效应对新能源汽车制造商的技术创新水平、广告宣传水平和消费者满意度都有正向影响,并且可以提高整个供应链的利润。新能源汽车制造商对零售商的成本分担承诺能激励零售商的广告宣传积极性,提高新能源汽车的品牌知名度,从而促进新能源汽车的销售。消费者满意度与参考价格效应之间存在交互作用,进一步强化了对新能源汽车制造商技术创新水平和零售商广告宣传水平的激励作用。     

考虑决策时间顺序的自有品牌渠道策略研究

研究在零售商引入自有品牌的条件下,供应链渠道各成员的定价和广告决策问题。运用Stackelberg博弈模型分析不同的广告和定价决策顺序下,供应链最优决策组合以及决策顺序的改变对利润的影响。研究结果表明:在引入自有品牌的条件下,制造商对定价和广告决策顺序的改变会影响零售商引入自有品牌后的利润,尤其是当交叉弹性较高时,制造商在引入自有品牌前后改变决策顺序可以实现制造商和零售商利润的增加。     

信息共享下绿色供应链价格协调问题研究

在信息共享前提下建立了绿色供应链中制造商、零售商的博弈模型,分别讨论了非合作博弈与合作博弈下的利润模型,制定了该绿色供应链在合作博弈下的内部价格协调机制,以及给出了价格协调参数的两种求解方法。最后,验证了信息共享下该绿色供应链的制造商与零售商进行合作时,不仅能极大的提高消费者对该绿色产品的需求,而且按照对联盟的贡献协调内部价格时,该供应链系统的稳定性与整体效率都得到提高。     

基于随机微分博弈的低碳供应链协同技术创新

本文从低碳供应链的可持续发展角度出发,建立了协同技术创新的随机微分博弈模型,运用HJB方程求得Stackelberg博弈与协同合作博弈情形下,供应商和制造商的最优技术创新投入以及Stackelberg博弈下技术创新费用承担比例。通过分析发现:技术创新投入成本越高,技术创新的努力程度就越低;技术创新努力程度对减排绩效的影响越大,技术创新的边际收益就越高,博弈双方的技术创新努力程度也越高。协同合作博弈情形下的技术创新努力程度、供应链系统收益、减排绩效期望值与方差均高于Stackelberg博弈情形。由此可见,供应链的协同技术创新对实现低碳供应链的可持续发展具有重要作用。     

单渠道下BOPS渠道整合策略研究

针对包含一个制造商和一个零售商的二级供应链,在单渠道环境下,研究BOPS渠道整合问题。通过构建零售商为领导者的Stackelberg博弈模型,对比分析BOPS渠道开设前后制造商与零售商的利润、产品质量决策及价格决策,得出单渠道下BOPS渠道整合最优策略。研究结果表明,零售商开设BOPS渠道后欲实现双赢,制造商与零售商须根据具体市场情形做出合适决策。     

碳中和奖惩下考虑环境目标的闭环供应链决策与协调

在同时考虑环境与利润目标的情形下，构建了由单个制造商和单个零售商组成的两阶段闭环供应链Stackelberg博弈模型，采用成本共担契约协调并对比分析，研究发现：制造商环境意识的增强会导致制造商的效用上升、碳排放下降；成本共担契约虽然会造成零售商效用下降，但是总体来看，能有效协调供应链整体效用、降低供应链中碳排放；环境目标的权重增加还会导致供应链中再制造产品的占比上升。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.