基于一卡通数据的公交客流时空特征分析——以深圳为例

一卡通数据记录了乘客的出行地点、时间信息,可反映城市居民公交出行的总体特征。文章提出了基于刷卡数据的常规公交、地铁客流计算方法,结合深圳市实际刷卡数据,分析了公交客流的时段分布特征、线路与站点特征和接驳换乘特征,可为行业主管部门优化公交线网、提升公众出行服务提供决策依据。     

广州公交客流特征及优化对策分析

公交客流特征分析对于促进公交高效运营和优化公交线网规划至关重要,本文利用实际运营数据对广州公交客流特征进行分析,主要包括行程时间、出行换乘、非直线系数、运营均衡系数四个方面,结果显示:广州公交整体运行时间相对稳定;单次出行平均乘车次数在1.16～1.26之间;部分线路区段非直线系数较高,最高为2.74;公交运营不均衡性在站点、线路、早晚高峰均存在,最后针对线路非直线系数较高与运营不均衡情况,提出广州公交运营优化建议。     

大城市中心区公交站点设置策略研究

首先分析了大城市中心区的客流分布特点及公交站点合并设站的设置特征.其次,以北京市中心区域公交站点为例,探讨了公交站点普遍存在的公交车辆拥堵排队、阻塞上游交叉口以及与非公交车流干扰严重等问题.在此基础上,提出了合理安排站点停靠线路,提高站点利用率,根据不同交通环境合理选择站点形式和位置以及优化公交站点内部组织等策略.     

大城市中心区公交站点设置策略研究

首先分析了大城市中心区的客流分布特点及公交站点合并设站的设置特征。其次，以北京市中心区域公交站点为例，探讨了公交站点普遍存在的公交车辆拥堵排队、阻塞上游交叉口以及与非公交车流干扰严重等问题。在此基础上，提出了合理安排站点停靠线路，提高站点利用率，根据不同交通环境合理选择站点形式和位置以及优化公交站点内部组织等策略。     

基于GPRS远程通信的公交客流数据的采集系统设计

针对公交客流数据依靠人工采集,数据传输非实时性的现状,介绍了基于GPRS远程传输,红外感应采集和压力感应采集的客流数据采集系统,阐述了以ARM Cortex—M3为内核的微处理器（LPC1768）为主控制器的硬件设计方案,实现了利用GPRS远程通信的方式将采集的公交客流数据及时、准确地传输至处理终端,从而为公共交通的实时调度提供可靠的依据。     

公交高频干线优化研究——以东莞中心城区为例

本文给出公交高频干线的定义、适用条件，在此基础上提出公交高频干线的优化思路，并以东莞中心城区为例，以手机移动、莞E等大数据及公交基础客流数据为支撑，对东莞中心城区的全方式客流、公交客流进行全面分析，研究中心城区公交出行特征和中心城区主要公交客流走廊，提出中心城区高频干线网络布设方案，并对实施的高频干线的实施效果进行持续评估，以为东莞整体高频干线优化提供经验借鉴。     

基于公交刷卡大数据分析的城市绿道规划研究——以北京市为例

位置服务大数据的出现为城市空间研究提供新的视角,目前城市规划、地理学科已进行大量应用,而少有研究应用于风景园林规划设计。基于北京市公交刷卡大数据处理后的二次数据,结合北京市土地利用现状,进行绿道规划方法研究。研究通过将公交刷卡数据与人口出行分布规律进行耦合分析,在城市不同功能区确定绿道连接的重点区域,同时,根据绿地的景观性、文化性和生态性建立绿道载体的评价指标体系,选择合适的斑块作为绿道依托载体,最终根据服务功能进行绿道网络优化确定绿道规划线路。以期实现绿道的功能拓展,使绿道成为连接城市多种功能区的绿色空间,促进城市紧凑布局的形成。     

运用大数据提升交通管理能力

随着大数据时代的到来,大数据的分析与利用已渗透交通、汽车等多个领域。文章拟搭建Hadoop、Spark大数据处理平台,利用多种数据处理语言,对城市道路和公共交通网络数据、道路交通流检测数据、出租车GPS数据和公交刷卡数据等海量数据进行处理与计算,通过建立各种模型与算法对城市交通系统运行状态进行多方面的分析,基于复杂网络理论研究城市公共交通子网之间的级联关系,为城市交通管理和资源的优化配置提供理论和实证依据。     

运用大数据提升交通管理能力

随着大数据时代的到来,大数据的分析与利用已渗透交通、汽车等多个领域。文章拟搭建Hadoop、Spark大数据处理平台,利用多种数据处理语言,对城市道路和公共交通网络数据、道路交通流检测数据、出租车GPS数据和公交刷卡数据等海量数据进行处理与计算,通过建立各种模型与算法对城市交通系统运行状态进行多方面的分析,基于复杂网络理论研究城市公共交通子网之间的级联关系,为城市交通管理和资源的优化配置提供理论和实证依据。     

考虑离岛地区出行需求特征的需求响应式公交运营优化

针对偏远离岛地区公交运营收益低、当地居民出行难的问题,考虑该地区的出行需求空间上分布过疏、时间上需求波动性较大、且高支付意愿高质量服务需求无法被满足等特性,提出需求响应式公交运营模式,并将多条存在部分共线的公交线路进行联合优化。为此,建立了双层规划模型,其中上层模型为公交公司运营决策模型,以公交公司总利润最大为目标,以乘客对需求响应式公交的支付意愿作为约束条件,对公交公司在不同时间窗下的发班频率、所需车辆数及乘客所需支付票价进行联合优化;下层模型为乘客出行方式选择模型,通过对乘客出行方式的选择行为进行分析,基于Logit模型确定选择需求响应式公交出行需求站点的乘客人数。最后,以浙江宁波梅山岛为例进行实证分析。通过比较优化方案和现状下的公交公司收益以及乘客出行时间成本,验证了提出的需求响应式公交运营模式以及双层规划模型的有效性。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.