基于乡村振兴战略的农林经济管理本科专业实践教学改革探析

文章基于党的"十九大"提出的乡村振兴战略及其对农村"一懂两爱"人才的要求,阐明农林高校应根据乡村振兴战略要求及时调整人才培养模式,进而选取了21家开设农林经济管理本科专业的林业、农业和非农林院校为样本,依据其培养计划分析了乡村振兴战略下现行农林经济管理专业实践教学体系现况与存在的不足,提出应科学合理设计农林经济管理专业实践教学体系,加强"立德树人",培养学生"爱农村爱农民"的责任意识与职业道德,加强创新创业思维与能力培养,构建农林经济管理实践教学体系反馈与调整机制,及时把国家大政方针与专业培养有机结合,以适应农业农村现代化发展需要。     

人力资源管理专业教学模式研究与实践

人力资源管理专业是辽东学院工商学院2008年新开设的一个本科专业,至今尚未形成相对完善的专业教学模式。随着经济的发展和社会对人才要求的不断提高,目前重理论轻实践的人才培养模式正面临着严峻挑战。本文针对现行人力资源管理专业人才培养模式存在的问题,提出人力资源管理专业人才培养的理论教学与实践教学相融合的教学模式,将有利于在新形势下保证人力资源管理专业人才培养目标的实现。     

人力资源管理专业教学模式研究与实践简

人力资源管理专业是辽东学院工商学院2008年新开设的一个本科专业,至今尚未形成相对完善的专业教学模式。随着经济的发展和社会对人才要求的不断提高,目前重理论轻实践的人才培养模式正面临着严峻挑战。本文针对现行人力资源管理专业人才培养模式存在的问题,提出人力资源管理专业人才培养的理论教学与实践教学相融合的教学模式,将有利于在新形势下保证人力资源管理专业人才培养目标的实现。     

乡村振兴战略下农林经济管理专业本科实践教学改革探析——以西南林业大学本科专业实践为视角

相较于其他因素,人力资本是影响乡村战略实现的关键性因素。乡村振兴战略对农林类人才具有现实需求。而农林经济管理专业实践教学环节在满足乡村振兴人才需求上具有特殊的作用和人才培养能力,但仍然存在不足。以乡村振兴战略的20字总要求为观测点,分析乡村振兴战略下农林经济管理专业人才需求的特征与农林经济管理专业本科实践教学对乡村振兴战略的重要性,进而使用问卷调查法指出西南林业大学本科实践教学存在的问题,最后根据问题提出改革对策。     

经管类专业实践教学体系构建探析

实践教学是高校人才培养的重要组成部分,是培养学生创新精神和实践能力的重要教学环节。根据经济管理类专业人才培养目标要求,本文提出构建由实验、实训、实习于一体的注重能力培养和创新意识教育的实践教学体系,形成与理论教学体系密切联系而又相对独立,教学内容前后衔接,循序渐进、层次分明的经济管理类专业实践教学体系。     

新农科建设背景下江西高校涉农专业人才培养的思考

新农科建设是新农业新乡村新农民新生态建设的必然要求,顺应了新时代社会的发展规律,致力于培养爱农业、懂技术、善经营的高水平实用技能型卓越农林新人才。"新农科"建设宣言的提出对高等院校涉农专业人才的培养提出了更高的期许和要求。目前江西高校存在涉农专业人才数量紧缺且离农化趋势严重,涉农专业精品课程少、设置不够合理,涉农专业人才培养结构与行业需求脱轨,科研成果转化率不高的问题。本文从新农科建设的角度出发,针对江西高校在涉农专业人才培养过程中出现的问题提出了相应的对策。     

浅谈农林经济管理应用型人才培养的“三结合”模式

通过分析培养农林经济管理应用型人才对社会发展、高校教学、学生就业的重要意义,针对农林经济管理应用型人才的三大特点,即具备坚实的农林经济管理理论知识、掌握娴熟的农林经济管理业务技能、富于积极的农林经济管理创新意识,提出了培养农林经济管理应用型人才的"三结合"模式,即"线上线下相结合"、"校内校外相结合"、"教学与科研相结合"。     

高职工程造价专业人才培养方案改革实践

高职院校人才培养方案作为一个专业"怎样培养人"的顶层设计,必须符合"工程教育回归工程"的要求。在遵循职业能力发展阶段基础上,结合我院工程造价专业人才培养方案建设实例,探索高职工程造价专业人才培养目标、课程体系、课程开发、人才培养方案实施的保障措施。     

农林经济管理专业办学效果评估分析

基于对北京林业大学、中国农业大学、东北林业大学、东北农业大学、华中农业大学、华南农业大学、四川农业大学等七所农林院校发放问卷得到的统计数据整理和分析,建立评估指标体系并运用模糊评价方法,得出了该专业办学效果属于一般的结论。就此提出了相关建议:制定符合市场需求的人才方案、构建科学专业课程体系、明确专业科学研究方向、提高专业人才就业能力水平,突出农林经济管理专业特色和加强实验教学和实践性教学。     

应用型人才培养模式下农业资源与环境专业“理实一体化”教学模式探析

随着社会经济的迅猛发展与农业科技水平的不断进步,农业生产也出现新的格局与特点,尤其是伴随着家庭农场、观光农业、现代农业企业、生态农业及"互联网+"等新型农业产业的诞生,传统的教学模式已经难以满足市场对高精尖农林专业人才的需求。为了有效提高农业资源与环境专业课程的教学效果,培养综合素质过强、理论知识扎实、实践能力过硬的应用型人才,以农业资源与环境专业课程教学为对象,分析了农业资源与环境专业教育教学现状,阐述了"理实一体化"教学模式的主要优势,探讨了"理实一体化"教学模式在农业资源与环境专业中的实践路径,为农业资源与环境专业应用型创新人才的培养提供参考。     

土地资源管理专业空间信息技术实践教学体系建设研究

实践教学在高校本科人才培养过程中具有重要作用。从国土信息化建设对土地资源管理人才培养需求为出发点,以强化实践教学为着力点,从优化实践教学内容、强化实验实习基地建设、加强教学团队建设、创新实践教学评价等方面构建了实践教学体系,该体系的实施提升了学生的实践能力、社会适应力和就业竞争力。     

新农村建设背景下的农林高校人才培养模式的创新研究

在新农村建设中,人才是发展的关键。社会主义新农村建设无疑为当前农林高校的人才培养提供了契机,然而从目前来看,人才培养模式存在诸多问题,如农林高校学科优势和专业特色有所削弱,学科专业设置与新农村建设的脱节,教学内容陈旧等。通过创新人才培养模式适应新农村建设对人才的需求,并从新农村建设的实践出发进行专业设置与课程建设,全面提升学生的综合素质。     

Adaptation of Agroforestry Systems in South-Eastern Mexico through Integration of Farmer and Bioeconomic Evaluations

Agroforestry systems have been promoted as sustainable land-use systems for regions where shifting agriculture is the traditional predominant land-use. Although environmentally sustainable, agroforestry systems require investment to establish that may affect their economic sustainability. In the southern Yucatan Peninsula 47 agroforestry plots of two timber and 10 fruit tree species were established with 22 farmers in three communities covering two rainfall zones and five soil types. Some fruit trees had wide adaptability to different soil, rainfall and management conditions, e.g. Manilkara zapota; others were restricted to the best soil, rainfall management conditions, e.g. Persea americana. The Meliaceae timber trees responded little to rainfall and soil, but stem borer attack was markedly lower in less intensively managed systems. Level of system maintenance greatly affected costs, but also opportunities for intercropping and obtaining immediate income. All levels of managements had negative net present value (NPV) for the three-year establishment phase, but so does traditional maize production. Farmers preferred to inter-crop their agroforestry systems, but were often limited by site quality. Determining sustainable agroforestry options for farmers requires multiple decisions related to species adaptability to the site, farmer production objectives and farmer capacity to invest in different management strategies. One production technology did not fit all.     

Dynamic modelling of agroforestry and soil fertility interactions: implications for multi-disciplinary research policy

This paper attempts to contribute to one of the major aspects of international research agenda in agroforestry. A general framework is developed in this paper to capture the dynamic interactions of various components of agroforestry system. Using a multi-seasonal model of agroforestry, the competition among the system components in resource and input use and the trade-offs between different outputs of agroforestry system are analyzed. Policy implications for multi-disciplinary research are derived. It is argued that quantifying the potential benefits of agroforestry system requires reformulation of existing economic methods of analyzing agroforestry technology to contribute to the fuller understanding of the dynamic interactions among its various components.     

我国4省农民思想教育现状分析及对策研究

加强农民教育,提高农民素质,培养新型农民是建设社会主义新农村的现实需要,是当前农业与农村工作中一项十分紧迫的任务。该文从社会学视角,结合陕西、河南、山东、江西4省样本,对当前农民思想素质教育问题进行较为深入的探讨,在此基础上,提出了今后农民思想教育发展的思路。     

Valuing soil conservation benefits of agroforestry: contour hedgerows in the Eastern Visayas,Philippines

Trees can be considered as investments made by economic agents to prevent depreciation of natural assets such as stocks of top soil and water In agroforestry systems farmers use trees in this manner by deliberately combining them with agricultural crops on the same unit of land. Although advocates of agroforestry have asserted that soil conservation is one of its primary benefits, empirical estimates of these benefits have been lacking due to temporal and spatial complexity of agroforestry systems and the nonmarket aspect of soil capital assets. This study designs and applies a bio-economic framework for valuing the soil conservation benefits of agroforestry. The framework is tested with econometric analysis of data from surveys of households in Eastern Visayas. Philippines, where USAID/Government of Philippines introduced contour hedgerow agroforestry in 1983. By constructing a weighted soil quality index that also incorporates measures of soil fertility, texture and color in addition to erosion, we extend previous economic studies of soil resources. This index is regressed on a variety of farming and site specific bio-physical variables. Next, we use a Cobb-Douglas profit function to directly relate agricultural profits and soil quality. Thus, the value of soil conservation is measured as a quasi-rent differential or the share of producer surplus associated with a change in soil quality. Because this framework assumes the existence of markets, the assumption is tested by analysing the statistical significance of consumption side variables, e.g., number of household members, on production side variables, e.g., profits. Instrumental variables are used to handle the endogeneity of the soil index in the profit equation. Seemingly unrelatedregression (SUR) analysis is used to accommodate correlation of errors across the soil and profit equations. Regression results reveal the importance of agroforestry intensity, private ownership, land fragmentation, and familiarity with soil conservation as positive covariates of soil quality. Analysis of production data indicate the importance of market prices, education, farming experience, farm size, topography, and soil quality as positive covariates of household profits Investments in agroforestry to improve or maintain soil capital can increased annual agricultural profits by US$53 for the typical household, which is 6% of total income. However, there are significant up-front costs. Given that small farmers in tropical uplands are important players in the management of deteriorating soil and forest resources, policy makers may want to consider supporting farmers in the early years of agroforestry adoption.     

北京市农业资源管理信息系统建设的问题及对策研究

[目的]为积极开展分区域农业资源管理信息系统建设,探索信息化管理区划资源的有效途径,更好地实现北京市各类农业资源的获取、处理、传播和合理利用。[方法]文章结合多年的实践工作,通过对北京市农业资源管理信息系统建设内容和功能的描述,指出北京建设农业资源管理信息系统面临的问题并提出对策建议。[结果]问题主要是:对农业资源信息数据重视程度不够,对农业资源信息数据投入不足,农业资源信息分散且缺乏有效的开发整合机制,在技术层面存在系统对接和需求方面的问题,人才队伍建设亟待加强,法规制度建设滞后。[结论]提出了农业资源管理信息系统建设措施,加强政府在农业资源管理信息系统建设中的主导作用,加大资金投入力度及对资金投入的监管和引导,整合各方资源,充实农业资源数据的完整,与互联网平台和云数据平台进行对接同时深化服务功能,满足目标人群需求,加快建设高水平人才队伍,制定和完善相应的制度规范和法规政策。     

知识经济与高素质人才培养

本文分析了知识经济、知识的内涵,知识经济对高素质人才培养的影响,指出了面对知识经济的挑战,在高素质人才培养中对人才素质及能力的要求,提出做好高素质人才培养的几条有效途径。     

高等林业院校农林经济管理专业培养目标改革探讨——基于农林业的特点及其差异特征的视角

根据农林业的特点及其差异特征,提出了高等林业院校的农林经济管理专业培养对象主要是林业行业经济管理型人才、林业经济管理研究型人才和新型林业经营者3种专门人才,与之相对应,课程体系的设置是农林业经济理论和政策、资源与环境、企业经营、基础经济理论和管理理论以及农林业技术与实践课程5大课程模块。另外,农林经济管理专业更应该偏重经济理论课程的设置,而高等林业院校的农林经济管理专业应侧重资源与环境理论课程的设置。