本期要目

资本是银行抵御风险的重要手段,资本充足率已成为监管当局最为关注的指标之一,我国上市商业银行在上市之初,都达到了最低资本要求,但随后资本充足率指标不断下滑。《我国商业银行资本充足率状况研究》认为,导致这一现象的主要原因在于银行资产超常增长、盈利能力低下和附属资本     

资本监管对我国商业银行资本充足率和资产风险水平影响的实证研究

本文运用14家商业银行的实际数据,对《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》实施后,资本监管对我国商业银行资本充足率和资产风险水平的影响进行实证研究。结果表明,目前商业银行资本充足率水平的提升主要得益于政府注资等外部行为,资本监管的实施促使资本不足的银行大幅度提高资本充足率水平的作用尚不明显,同时,资本监管的压力也不能解释近年来商业银行资产风险水平的变化。     

资本充足监管下的银行资本与风险调整行为

本文采用12家国内上市商业银行2004～2010年的数据,建立面板联立方程模型,运用GMM估计方法,研究中国资本监管新要求对商业银行资本与风险调整行为产生的影响。分析结果表明:资本监管新要求的实施对提高银行资本充足率水平的作用明显;中国银行业的资本充足率整体水平稳步上升,银行风险水平逐步下降,资本监管已初见成效。监管压力仍是银行提高资本充足率的主要动力,依靠国家保护无益于资本补充长效机制的建立;银行只有不断优化自身资产结构,满足风险管理需求,提高持续盈利能力,通过利润分配增加核心资本,才能有效解决未来资本缺口问题。     

我国商业银行资本充足率影响因素的实证研究

本文在分析了我国商业银行资本充足率的内生性基础上,选取了我国49家商业银行样本数据,采用Logit模型分析法,对我国商业银行资本充足率影响因素进行了实证研究,结果表明盈利能力、风险水平、固定资产比率以及银行性质都是影响其资本充足率的因素。总体而言银行规模不会影响资本充足率水平,但是不同性质银行的规模则对资本充足率会有不同的影响。     

双重资本约束下我国商业银行的盈利能力分析

资本硬约束下如何更好地协调盈利性和安全性成为我国商业银行急需解决的问题。本文通过构建银行盈利与规模增长和资本约束三者的之间的均衡模型,从理论上揭示了三者之间相互制约的内在联系,同时以四家国有商业和11家股份商业银行在1997～2009年间的面板数据,对我国商业银行在双重资本约束下盈利能力的影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明:利差资产比、贷款比例和资产规模增长率对银行盈利能力有显著的正向影响。而法定存款准备金率、资本充足率、呆准金比率和资本比例显著削弱了银行的盈利能力。上市对银行盈利能力具有正面影响,但不太显著。     

我国商业银行资本充足率影响因素的实证研究

本文在分析了我国商业银行资本充足率的同生性基础上, 选取了我国49家商业银行样本数据,采用Logit模型分析法,对我国商业银行资本充足率影响因素进行了实证研究,结果表明盈利能力、风险水平、固定资产比率以及银行性质都是影响其资本充足率的因素.总体而言银行规模不会影响资本充足率水平,但是不同性质银行的规模则对资本充足率会有不同的影响.     

我国商业银行提高资本充足率的途径

资本充足率即银行资本金与风险资产的比率,是衡量商业银行抵抗风险的能力及整个银行体系稳健性最重要的指标,我国银行资本监管遵循《巴塞尔协议》资本充足率不低于8%的标准。与国外银行相比,我国银行的资本充足率水平仍显不足。本文主要分析商业银行资本充足率现状及影响因素,并提出几点建议以提高我国商业银行的资本充足率。     

我国商业银行提高资本充足率的途径

资本充足率即银行资本金与风险资产的比率,是衡量商业银行抵抗风险的能力及整个银行体系稳健性最重要的指标,我国银行资本监管遵循<巴塞尔协议>资本充足率不低于8%的标准.与国外银行相比,我国银行的资本充足率水平仍显不足.本文主要分析商业银行资本充足率现状及影响因素,并提出几点建议以提高我国商业银行的资本充足率.     

资本充足率监管要求下地方法人银行资本管理行为研究——以中部某省法人银行为研究样本

本文以中部某省部分地方法人银行为样本,通过构建"资本-风险"联立方程模型,对城市商业银行、农村商业银行、农村信用社和村镇银行等四类地方法人银行在资本充足率监管要求下的资本管理行为进行了实证研究,研究结果表明:地方法人银行通过优化资产结构,能有效提升资本充足率水平,但资本充足率监管仅对城商行产生了效应,农商行、农信社和村镇银行对资本充足率监管压力并不敏感。     

上市商业银行盈利能力影响因素的研究——基于面板数据模型的实证检验

盈利能力是商业银行生存和发展的基础,提高商业银行盈利能力,对促进银行业健康稳健地发展具有极其积极的意义。本文以我国14家上市商业银行2004-2010年的相关数据为样本,运用数据面板模型,对商业银行盈利能力及其影响因素进行实证研究与分析。分析结果初步显示,银行的资本实力、资产充足率、流动性以及资产费用率均与盈利能力成正相关关系,而不良贷款率、信贷规模则对盈利能力有负面影响。最后,结合上市商业银行的具体特征和实际发展情况,有针对性地提出提升商业银行盈利能力的对策。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…