财政转移支付与经济增长——基于省级面板数据的分析

财政转移支付制度对于解决地方政府财政缺口,实现全国各地公共服务均等化,实施宏观调控等方面具有重要的意义。但财政转移支付对经济增长是否有促进作用却没有一致性的结论。文章利用1997~2008年的省级面板数据进行分析,得到的结论是财政转移支付与经济增长有显著的正相关关系,即财政转移支付可以有效地促进经济增长。     

论政府转移支付的不规范对地方政府财政行为的影响

政府转移支付问题一直是各级政府普遍关注的热点问题。近年来,政府转移支付资金规模正在不断扩大,但是,转移支付的不规范也日益暴露出来,并引起了地方政府争先恐后套取转移支付资金的行为。本文从政府转移支付现状出发,阐述了目前政府转移支付仍不规范,并从现实和理论的角度出发,分析了不规范的政府转移支付对地方政府财政行为的影响,提出了规范政府转移支付的政策建议。这对于完善我国政府转移支付制度具有重要的现实意义。     

农业转移人口市民化能力影响因素及机制研究 ——基于内生资本视角的分析

推进农业转移人口市民化对推进城镇化高质量发展具有重要意义.从人力资本、社会资本和人格特质三维视角构建农业转移人口内生资本分析框架,运用结构方程模型分析内生资本对转移人口市民化能力的影响机制与作用路径.结果表明,人力资本对农业转移人口经济融入能力和未来发展能力具有显著的正向影响,社会资本、人格特质对心理融入能力和未来发展能力具有显著正向影响.但人力资本对心理融入能力影响不显著,社会资本和人格特质对经济融入能力影响不显著.据此提出政策建议,以期帮助农业转移人口摆脱强市民化意愿与弱市民化能力的困境.     

宁波市单亲贫困家庭救助机制研究

单亲贫困家庭是城市贫困群体中具有代表性的一部分，但在现有扶贫帮困政策的执行及救助制度的完善性方面还存在一些问题。本文在对部分城市单亲贫困家庭现状、贫困原因以及现有救助机制的运作情况、实际效果等调查分析的基础上提出对策和建议。     

政府问转移支付体系：绩效、评价与对策

不同类型的转移支付制度设计具有不同的功能：弥补纵向财政缺口；缩小区域间横向财政差距；纠正地区间效益外溢行为；确保国家最低公共服务标准的执行等。通过分析发现，现行转移支付体系承载着财政体制的重要功能，但存在着结构不合理、均等化绩效不明显等问题，亟待改革。借鉴国外经验，将政府间财政转移支付体系纳入法制框架，合理划分各级政府职责，减少地方对转移支付的依赖度，调整转移支付结构，提高转移支付的均等化功能，实行规范化的财政转移支付制度。     

人力资本配置中效率与公平的协调性研究

人力资本在配置过程中应以效率和公平为目标。尽管效率和公平具有相互替代性，但从长期看，效率和公平目标在一定条件下也可以达到协调。我国人力资本配置中存在着产业间、产业内以及地区间、城乡间显著的不公平性，这将影响人力资本配置长期效率目标的实现。可通过教育产业化、政府转移支付、科技体制改革、人才合理流动以及城市化等手段促进人力资本配置效率与公平的协调。     

“两免一补”教育政策实施的困境与建议

“两免一补”是国家为促进农村落后地区义务教育的发展而提出的一项政策，它的实行有效缓解了农村贫困家庭子女上学难的问题。然而，这一政策在执行中出现不少问题，陷入困境。为此，提出以下建议：增加财政投入，提高贫困寄宿生生活补助标准；加强立法，给予“两免一补”政策法律上的保障；加强贫困生资助资金的筹集和管理；合理制订“两免一补”政策的实施方案。     

官员、专家和学者为转移支付“透明化”献策

转移支付项目交叉混乱——应严控专项转移支付项目设置李金华：在补助地方支出中,专项转移支付资金使用分散、部门职能及项目内容交叉重复的问题还比较突出,影响资金的使用效益和国家相关政策目标的实现。今后,要严格控制专项转移支付项目的设置,新增项目须报经国务院批准；对到期的专项转移支付项目要及时清理,逐步整合现有专项转移支付项目,统筹安排转移支付资金；改进资金分配机制,对明显属于地方事权范围内的事项,具体项目的确定交由省级政府办理。中央主管部门主要通过政策、规划和必要的监督检查,指导地方管好用好专项转移支付资金,促进经济和各项社会事业发展。     

完善辽宁低保边缘群体救助制度的对策建议

低保边缘户是指家庭月人均收入略高于当地低保标准，但由于未享受医疗、教育、取暖等长期性救助政策，实际生活水平低于低保对象平均水平，处于相对贫困状态的居民家庭。目前，辽宁省大约有低保边缘户24．5万户，涉及46．8万人。     

农耕藏区的劳动力转移与贫困治理——以川西俄市坝村为例

作为藏区发展的前沿地带,农耕藏区富余劳动力向非农产业和城镇的转移对于该地区的贫困治理具有重大意义。对农耕藏区富余劳动力转移的案例研究发现,藏区的经济、社会、文化对于农村劳动力转移具有重要影响,农耕藏区劳动力转移主要是在城市非正规部门,从事具有民族特色的摆摊经商活动,并获得了明显的减贫效益。然而,农耕藏区生态环境脆弱,可利用资源匮乏,公共服务设施差,人力资本水平低,留村居民和转移劳动力均面临巨大发展困难。作为新阶段我国扶贫攻坚的重要战场,农耕藏区贫困治理需要创新扶贫机制,以提升农业转移劳动力人力资本水平为突破口,以增加农村公共产品供给和提升其服务水平为重点,对贫困村民和转移劳动力实施综合性政策和措施。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.