机构投资者持股对权益资本成本的影响研究

文章以沪深证券市场2007—2009年A股上市公司为研究样本,研究机构投资者持股对我国上市公司权益资本成本的影响。研究结果表明:机构投资者持股比例与权益资本成本呈负相关关系,机构投资者持股比例越大,权益资本成本越小。机构投资者能够发挥积极的公司治理效应,改善公司治理水平。同时还发现,BETA系数和公司财务风险水平与权益资本成本呈正相关关系,公司规模、盈利水平和独立董事占比与权益资本成本呈负相关关系。     

持股结构、分析师关注与股价崩盘风险

出于行为动机的差异,公司各持股主体会通过内部治理活动和信息传递体系,对股价崩盘风险产生不同影响。文章收集了2014—2018年沪深A股上市公司的数据,发现第一大股东持股比例能显著抑制股价崩盘风险,而管理者和机构投资者的持股比例则加剧了该风险,接着重点分析了分析师关注显著缓解机构投资者持股比例加剧崩盘风险的问题。进一步研究表明,在第一大股东持股和管理层持股影响股价崩盘风险的过程中,会计稳健性分别发挥着遮掩效应和部分中介效应。本研究对于缓解内部代理冲突,改善治理环境,以及提升投资者的信息获取质量,降低投资风险,从而维护资本市场的健康发展具有借鉴意义。     

国有控股与机构投资者对公司盈余管理的影响

提供公司会计信息质量一直是公司治理的重要目标。本文从公司治理效应的角度来分析在国有与非国有这两种不同的公司治理结构下,机构投资者持股比例对公司治理的影响。本文分析认为,国有控股企业的治理效应和机构投资者的持股比例无显著关系,而非国有公司的治理效果与机构投资者的持股比例呈现倒"U"型关系。因此本文认为,机构投资者在非国有公司中的治理效应随着机构投资者的持股比例而发生变化,但机构投资者的治理作用在国有控股公司中受到限制。     

机构投资者持股与股价崩盘风险:基于内外部治理视角

文章选择2010—2017年中国A股上市企业数据,分析了机构投资者持股水平对股价崩盘风险的影响和不同类型机构投资者对股价崩盘风险的影响差异,并基于内外治理视角探讨了股权集中度和媒体关注度在其中发挥的调节作用.结果表明:机构投资者持股显著加大了股价崩盘风险,交易型机构投资者持股对公司的股价崩盘风险的正向影响比稳定型机构投资者大;股权集中加剧了机构投资者持股对股价稳定的消极影响,媒体关注平滑了机构投资者持股对股价稳定的消极影响.     

机构投资者持股、产品市场竞争与上市公司违规治理

以2007—2020年的A股上市公司作为研究样本，实证检验机构投资者持股对上市公司违规的影响。研究发现：机构投资者持股比例越高，上市公司违规可能性越低，且违规频率越少；机构投资者持股与产品市场竞争存在互补效应，产品市场竞争强化了机构投资者持股对上市公司的违规倾向与违规频率的治理效应。研究结论为完善公司治理和解决上市公司违规问题提供了借鉴。     

高管薪酬粘性、机构投资者持股与创新投资效率

创新是我国经济健康发展的内在动力,提升创新投资效率是实现创新兴国战略的重要前提.文章选取2013-2018年所有A股上市公司数据,在Richardson投资支出模型改进的基础上测量了所有A股上市公司的创新投资效率,探讨了高管薪酬粘性对创新投资效率的影响,并检验了机构投资者持股的调节作用.结果 表明:(1)高管薪酬粘性越大,企业创新投资效率越低,且这一现象在国有企业更为严重;(2)机构投资者参与公司治理并没有发挥积极的治理效应,反而强化了高管薪酬粘性与企业创新投资效率之间的负相关关系,而这种强化作用仅存在于强高管薪酬粘性组;(3)相比于国有企业,机构投资者持股强化高管薪酬粘性与企业创新投资效率之间的负相关关系在民营企业更显著.文章一定程度上丰富了机构投资者治理效应的研究,对完善企业薪酬制度,促进企业创新投资效率提升具有一定的借鉴意义.     

高管薪酬粘性、机构投资者持股与创新投资效率

创新是我国经济健康发展的内在动力,提升创新投资效率是实现创新兴国战略的重要前提.文章选取2013-2018年所有A股上市公司数据,在Richardson投资支出模型改进的基础上测量了所有A股上市公司的创新投资效率,探讨了高管薪酬粘性对创新投资效率的影响,并检验了机构投资者持股的调节作用.结果 表明:(1)高管薪酬粘性越大,企业创新投资效率越低,且这一现象在国有企业更为严重;(2)机构投资者参与公司治理并没有发挥积极的治理效应,反而强化了高管薪酬粘性与企业创新投资效率之间的负相关关系,而这种强化作用仅存在于强高管薪酬粘性组;(3)相比于国有企业,机构投资者持股强化高管薪酬粘性与企业创新投资效率之间的负相关关系在民营企业更显著.文章一定程度上丰富了机构投资者治理效应的研究,对完善企业薪酬制度,促进企业创新投资效率提升具有一定的借鉴意义.     

机构投资者、媒体关注与自然资源信息披露——基于资源型上市公司的实证研究

机构投资者作为一个重要的外部治理因素,在"机构股东积极主义"的模式下,逐渐在公司治理和信息披露等方面发挥着正面作用.文章选取自然资源信息视角,采用资源型上市公司为样本,研究了机构投资者对信息披露的影响,并进一步考察了媒体在其中的调节作用.实证结果表明:机构投资持股比例越高,资源型上市公司的自然资源信息披露水平就越高,即机构投资者有效地促进了信息披露;引入机构投资者与媒体关注的交互项后发现,媒体关注度越高,机构投资者持股比例对自然资源信息披露水平的正向影响越弱,即机构投资者和媒体在对信息披露的影响上存在此消彼长的替代效应.     

会计信息质量、投资效率与机构投资者异质性

会计信息是否对公司投资决策造成影响?异质机构投资者的持股在其中又扮演了怎样的角色?文章以2009—2012年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究对象,从异质机构投资者的视角对会计信息质量与公司投资效率的相关性进行了实证研究。结果表明,会计信息质量的提高确实能够缓解上市公司的投资非效率问题;压力抵制型机构投资者总体持股能够加强会计信息对投资不足、过度投资的改善作用;而压力敏感型机构投资者总体持股将产生不利影响,削弱了会计信息引导最优投资的功能。研究结论丰富了不同性质机构投资者持股的研究,且进一步验证了会计信息在公司决策中的经济后果。     

机构投资期限对企业社会责任的影响研究

文章以上市公司为考察对象,利用2008—2014年数据研究了不同投资期限的机构投资者对企业履行社会责任的影响,并分行业进行了两者间的相关性分析。结果表明:长期机构投资者持股比例较高时,企业履行社会责任越积极;短期机构投资者持股比例较高时,企业社会责任表现越差,说明长期机构投资者相对于短期机构投资者更能参与公司治理,倡导企业履行社会责任。因此,有必要提高长期机构投资者的持股比例,督促企业积极承担社会责任,更好地维护社会和谐、资本市场稳定。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.