基于技术创新的辽宁装备制造业振兴途径研究

近年来,作为辽宁传统优势产业的装备制造业发展趋缓,其中一个重要原因是辽宁装备制造业技术创新水平不高。本文在综述装备制造业技术创新相关理论的基础之上,通过综合运用横向比较法和纵向比较法对辽宁装备制造业技术创新现状加以系统分析,探究辽宁装备制造业技术创新过程中存在的问题,并提出了提升辽宁装备制造业技术创新水平的对策建议。     

基于流程的装备制造业复杂产品成本控制研究

中国装备制造业在区域经济和国家经济中的地位目益重要,但成本控制困难、目标利润难以实现成为制约我国装备制造业发展的关键因素,如何有效地控制成本,成为迫切需要解决的问题。装备制造业复杂产品具有复杂产品系统的特性,其产品流程与大批量生产的产品完全不同,这使得用于大批量生产产品的成本控制理论无法在装备制造企业中发挥作用。论文对装备制造业复杂产品的特性进行了分析,认为对供应链上的主要供应商进行前馈控制是装备制造业复杂产品成本控制的关键点,针对成本的控制难点,提出了基于流程的装备制造业复杂产品成本控制模型,并对模型的应用进行了探讨。     

发展嘉兴装备制造业的思考

装备制造水平是制造业整体实力的体现。从国家层面来说,如果装备制造业不加快发展,我国在经济上、国防上都将落后于人、受制于人;从地方层面来说,结合嘉兴市情况分析,企业的许多产品或科技项目技术虽达到国际先进水平,但其装备往往依赖进口。     

提高辽宁装备产业技术创新能力的对策

装备制造业不仅是辽宁的产业优势,具有良好的基础和条件,而且有较强的市场竞争优势和广阔的发展前景,发展装备制造业既符合中国工业化进程的需要,也是中央振兴东北的重要目标之一。辽宁装备制造产业技术含量和附加值并不低,但产品技术含量低于国际先进水平,产业技术落后,导致产业比较优势丧失。辽宁要成为具有国际竞争力的先进装备制造业基地,关键是改变产业技术落后状况,提升产业技术创新能力,由成本型制造中心向技术型创造中心转型。在装备制造业产业集群的形成中,增强技术自主创新能力,通过产业集群的内生增长机制(集体学习能力和创新能力)提升整个产业的技术水平。     

装备制造业技术创新过程有效融资的几点建议

装备制造业作为国家的支柱产业在技术创新过程中需要大量的资金,其融资比较困难,解决融资问题十分重要。本文在分析装备制造业技术创新融资中存在问题的基础上,提出促进装备制造业技术创新有效融资的几点建议,希望能为装备制造业解决技术创新的资金短缺问题提供参考,促进其实现有效融资并达到资本最佳配置。     

提高我国装备制造业国际竞争力的对策

装备制造业是我国占领21世纪世界经济发展制高点的战略性产业。目前,我国装备制造业产业国际竞争力较低,高端技术对外依存度高、易陷入"产业低附加值陷阱"并极易危及装备制造业产业安全。我国装备制造业存在技术研发投入低、外资控制力强、未形成明显的产业集群优势、融资难等问题,阻碍了技术更新换代、产业升级和国际竞争力的提高。因此,提升我国装备制造业国际竞争力,要加强对装备制造业升级的引导,强调自主研发与技术引进相结合,促进不同制造企业协同技术创新,解决装备制造业融资难等问题。     

装备制造业技术协同创新运行机制构建

在对装备制造业技术创新特点进行分析的基础上,指出技术协同创新是装备制造业技术创新的模式选择和发展趋势。通过对当前中国装备制造业技术协同创新存在问题和不足的深入分析,构建了由驱动力机制、资源供给机制、双元协同机制和合作激励机制4个部分构成的装备制造业技术协同创新运行机制框架。根据装备制造业技术协同创新运行机制的特点,提出了提高装备制造业技术协同创新水平的对策建议。     

我国高端装备制造业产业安全问题研究

"十三五"时期,我国高端装备制造业进入快速发展阶段,同时随着国家相关扶持政策不断推出,高端装备制造业发展也迎来了新机遇。但受国内外经济形势影响,高端装备制造业生存发展压力不断加大、国际竞争更加激烈、产业发展能力仍需提高、技术创新能力相对薄弱。为确保我国高端装备制造业产业安全,应维护高端装备制造业生存环境、提高高端装备制造业国际竞争力、开拓高端装备制造业产业发展能力、全面提高高端装备制造业技术安全。     

FDI对中国装备制造业自主创新的影响分析

FDI对东道国行业技术创新的影响是一个颇具有争议的问题。在当前全球金融危机背景下,装备制造业已纳入我国经济振兴规划,其自主创新能力的提高是促进我国成为装备制造业强国、进而振兴我国经济的根本途径。在充分借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,本文对FDI与中国装备制造业自主创新之间的相关性进行了实证分析,发现FDI制约了我国装备制造业自主创新能力,并基于我国装备市场的发展提出相应的对策。     

产业技术创新联盟组织模式研究——以高端装备制造业为例

随着经济全球化进程的加快,高端装备制造业在国家经济发展中的地位和作用日益凸显,组建产业技术创新联盟是发展高端装备制造业的有效途径。但是,由于我国法律对产业技术创新联盟组织模式缺乏相应的规制,导致实践中联盟呈现出目标短期化、规模难以大型化的特点,影响了通过产业技术创新联盟发展高端装备制造业,以提升其整体技术水平的目标。以法律表现形式为切入点分析产业技术创新联盟的组织模式,从联盟的稳定性和制度效力等方面对比两类组织模式的优缺点,探求适合我国高端装备制造业技术创新联盟的组织模式,并提出具体的促进高端装备制造业技术创新联盟发展完善的建议。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。