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通过对成功跨跃“中等收入陷阱”和陷入“中等收入陷阱”的两类国家经济与福利增长的机制分析可知:拉美在中等收入阶段过早实施了福利增长计划导致经济发展缓慢,未能进入高收入国家行列;日韩通过进口替代工业化成功实现了经济转型,在中等收入阶段保持均衡的经济与福利增长并成功跨越中等收入陷阱。因此,我国要想成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”就必须建立经济与福利均衡增长的机制。 相似文献
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中国经济经过三十多年的增长,已经进入中等收入国家行列,能否成功跨越一些发展中国家陷入的"中等收入陷阱"值得关注。发展中国家落入"中等收入陷阱"的重要原因是创新乏力。因此,中国经济跨越"中等收入陷阱",实现可持续增长的关键就是依靠创新。"稳增长、控物价、调结构"是当前中国经济可持续增长面临的主要问题,解决这些问题的根本举措是实现创新。 相似文献
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中国人均国民总收入已达到中等偏上收入国家行列,若要成功跨越发展中国家常见的"中等收入陷阱",科技创新是必然的战略选择,其中产品研发创新是"中国制造"走向"中国创造"的关键、制造技术创新是提高劳动生产率的关键。要实现科技创新,需要政策支持、资金投入和创新教育。 相似文献
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以经济转型跨越“中等收入陷阱”——来自韩国的经验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中等收入陷阱是指发展中国家经过一段时间的快速增长后,经济增长失速的现象。许多国家在人均收入达到美国水平的20%~40%之后,落入了中等收入陷阱。韩国是成功跨越中等收入陷阱的少数国家之一。20世纪80年代,民营经济的创新投资激发了技术创新热潮,快速的技术创新推动了韩国生产率的提升,缓解了工资上涨的压力,使韩国跨越了中等收入陷阱。文章重点研究了韩国摆脱中等收入陷阱的经济转型历程,并力图为中国提供可资借鉴的经验。 相似文献
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本文从"中等收入陷阱"的成因、某些有代表性的国家陷入"中等收入陷阱"的原因及教训、日本和"亚洲四小龙"成功跨越"中等收入陷阱"的经验研究三个方面对当前的研究成果进行综述。最后分析了我国现阶段经济发展面临的挑战,提出转变经济发展方式、产业结构升级是我国成功跨越"中等收入陷阱"的战略选择。 相似文献
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自20世纪60年代以来,韩国经过了30多年的经济改革与持续发展,创造了举世瞩目的“汉江奇迹”.期间,韩国经过8年时间跨越了“中等收入陷阱”,成为了亚洲乃至全球的成功典范.1987年韩国人均GDP突破3000美元,1995年达到了11496美元,成功进入高收入国家行列;2015年韩国人均GDP为25990美元,位居世界第28位.通过总结韩国成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”的经济结构改革,并从生产函数视角分析跨越“中等收入陷阱”的经验,最后指出成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”的政策措施. 相似文献
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借助面板固定效应模型,对33个后发追赶经济体的宏观经济运行数据和结构性指标进行了实证比较。结果表明:成功跨越"中等收入陷阱"的经济体主要依靠服务业发展和全要素生产率提升拉动经济增长,而收入分配较公平、政府治理能力强也是跨越"中等收入陷阱"的重要保障条件;陷入"中等收入陷阱"的经济体长期过度依赖投资和要素投入拉动经济增长,且贫富悬殊、权力腐败问题突出导致政府治理能力削弱、经济发展缺乏动力、经济指标长期徘徊不前。指出后发经济体须针对这些因素进行相应改革,方能成功跨越"中等收入陷阱"。 相似文献
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当前,内外部环境改变导致经济增速放缓,中国面临陷入“中等收入陷阱”风险,以创新驱动实现经济高质量发展越发重要。以经济效率提升与经济动能转换综合衡量经济高质量发展水平,使用2001—2017年中国省际面板数据,实证检验基础研究与应用研究对中国经济高质量发展的异质性影响。结果发现:①基础研究与应用研究均有利于经济效率提升,只有基础研究显著促进经济动能转换;②东中西部地区收入水平存在差距,基础研究对经济高质量发展存在阶梯式地区异质性影响,即对东部地区经济效率有显著促进作用,对中部地区无显著影响,对西部地区有显著抑制作用,且仅对东部地区经济动能转换具有显著促进作用,但应用研究无显著地区异质性影响;③基础研究存在显著门槛效应,只有达到一定收入水平,基础研究才会促进地区经济高质量发展;④为实现2025年前后顺利跨越“中等收入陷阱”,未来中国基础研究投入年均增幅需保持在[24.7%,29.3%]区间。 相似文献
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亚洲国家和地区经济发展方式转变研究——基于“中等收入陷阱”视角的分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
历史上有许多国家和地区通过增长动力机制的转换和经济发展体制的改革,跨越了中等收入陷阱,实现了经济发展方式的转变。韩国、日本、新加坡和中国台湾与大陆文化相似、国情相近,其经济发展方式转变的经验对中国具有尤为重要的借鉴意义。通过对这些典型亚洲国家和地区经济发展方式转变经验的总结,我们得出以下四条基本启示:一是转变经济发展方式包含经济与社会自然和谐发展;二是经济发展方式转变要坚持市场导向与政府干预相结合;三是经济结构调整是转变经济发展方式的重点方向;四是自主创新是转变经济发展方式的重要支撑。 相似文献
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本文以经典的经济增长理论为基础,结合中等收入国家的特点,提出如下理论假设:通胀所造成的家庭福利损失会影响中等收入国家宏观经济的发展,进而推动相关国家陷入“中等收入陷阱”。而后通过FGLS、差分GMM,以及系统GMM的方法对陷入“中等收入陷阱”的典型国家进行回归分析。分析结果表明,在控制了基础设施、债务水平、技术创新以及储蓄率这些影响因素之后,通胀对上述国家人均GDP增长率均有显著的负向影响,即使是在年均通胀率只有514%的东亚国家组,通胀对人均GDP增长率的平均影响也达到了123个百分点~221个百分点,影响比重达到了27%~48%。所以,我们应该加强对通胀的调控,以确保我国经济能够持续健康地发展。 相似文献
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本文通过实证对比跨越和落入中等收入陷阱两类国家在入均GDP达到3000美元到突破1万美元期间经济社会方面的差异及演变过程,给出落入中等收入陷阱国家的判断依据,揭示中等收入陷阱的实质是效率陷阱,发现落入中等收入陷阱的成因主要有教育投入不足、失业率高、消费层次低、金融配置低及贫富差距过大等。同时,对中国落入陷阱的可能性进行判断分析,并就中国如何跨越中等收入陷阱给出一些建议。 相似文献
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This paper discusses the possibility of China falling into the so-called middle income trap in terms of three checkpoints: innovation capability, world-class big businesses, and inequality. Based on these criteria, our conclusions are as follows: First, China has increasingly become innovative and thus differs from other middle income countries. Second, China has many successful big businesses, a number disproportionate to its size. Thus, China differs from other middle income countries with few world-class big businesses, and the only qualification is that those big businesses are mostly non- manufacturing firms focused on such areas as finance, energy, and trading. Third, China faces great uncertainty in terms of inequality. Although several signs show that the Kuznets curve will come to represent China, as noted by the gradual reduction of surplus labor and rising wage rates starting in the coastal provinces, the Chinese are now facing new sources of inequality in China, such as wealth (including financial and real estate assets) and non-economic factors (including corruption). 相似文献
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Joseph Pelzman 《Review of Development Economics》2015,19(1):1-14
In this paper, I present a theoretical framework designed to explain People's Republic of China (PRC) outward foeign direct investment in the USA and Europe, in search of research and development (R&D) acquisition modeled as positive “spillover effects” in a two‐country model with firms distinguished by their ability to innovate. The motivation for this paper is the growing PRC merger and acquisition activity in Europe and the USA. The fact that the PRC, despite its many successful internal reforms, cannot induce innovation activity designed to alter its external sector from one that is based on cheap labor to one that is based on innovation‐rich products, has forced it to use its extensive reserve holdings to acquire the necessary R&D via merger and acquisition. These acquisitions will allow the PRC to alter their domestic and export product mix and thus avoid the middle‐income trap. 相似文献
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Clive T. Edwards 《The Australian economic review》1992,25(2):16-30
This article suggests that Australia could benefit from observing more closely Singapore's current development strategy. The production of labour intensive manufactures primarily by foreign firms and for export formed the core of Singapore's successful economic advance in the 1960s and 1970s. While a factor endowment strength—comparatively cheap labour—lay behind this achievement, the Singapore government actively supplemented this strength by creating a business environment highly favourable to the needs of foreign investors.
With full employment and rising wage levels since then, Singapore lost its comparative advantage in the production of low wage manufactures to other East Asian countries. Recently, its development has been based more on created than inherited advantages. The Singapore government argues that the resources crucial to sustained per capita income advance in middle and higher income countries are not natural resources but rather information, technology, investible funds, research and development (R&D) spending and professional people. Singapore aims to develop its business environment to attract such resources to Singapore.
The government's vision for Singapore is a nation where the share of professional and highly skilled manpower in the workforce rises over time. This employment goal informs the government's approach to all policy matters: infrastructure development, education, urban development, microeconomic reform, taxation, fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policy, support for manufacturing and service activities, and attitudes to foreign investors.
By comparison with Australia, Singapore has a very level playing field. The government sees no conflict between intervening to attempt to create competitive advantage while vigorously pursuing microeconomic reforms to make the playing field in Singapore still more level. 相似文献
With full employment and rising wage levels since then, Singapore lost its comparative advantage in the production of low wage manufactures to other East Asian countries. Recently, its development has been based more on created than inherited advantages. The Singapore government argues that the resources crucial to sustained per capita income advance in middle and higher income countries are not natural resources but rather information, technology, investible funds, research and development (R&D) spending and professional people. Singapore aims to develop its business environment to attract such resources to Singapore.
The government's vision for Singapore is a nation where the share of professional and highly skilled manpower in the workforce rises over time. This employment goal informs the government's approach to all policy matters: infrastructure development, education, urban development, microeconomic reform, taxation, fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policy, support for manufacturing and service activities, and attitudes to foreign investors.
By comparison with Australia, Singapore has a very level playing field. The government sees no conflict between intervening to attempt to create competitive advantage while vigorously pursuing microeconomic reforms to make the playing field in Singapore still more level. 相似文献
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采用时变马尔科夫区制转换模型,分析了不同投入要素在不同经济增长阶段对经济增长贡献的差异,以及影响经济在不同区制之间跃迁的关键因素。研究发现:在三类经济增速区间内,人力资本投入对经济增长的拉动效应最强,在推动经济从中速增长向高速增长转移的过程中发挥重要作用;帮助经济跨越"中等收入陷阱"的关键在于提高物质资本和人力资本投资的匹配度,使物质资本和人力资本的流动与产业集聚和城市化发展一致、与技术创新能力提升配合;渐进式转型有利于平滑增长路径,降低向高收入均衡收敛的临界值。 相似文献