我国宏观经济变量影响国债利率期限结构的实证研究

本文在分析我国国债利率期限结构特征的基础上,实证研究了宏观经济变量对国债利率期限结构的影响。本文首先采用因子模型分析了我国的利率期限结构,并提取了水平因子和斜率因子;然后使用逐步回归法和全局筛选法,分组对各类宏观经济变量进行分析,选取了一组对收益率曲线有显著影响的宏观经济变量;最后使用多变量误差修正模型,分别分析了宏观变量对收益率曲线两个因子的影响。研究结果表明,水平因子和斜率因子对收益率曲线变动的解释力度分别为78%和14%。经济增长预期、货币市场利率水平以及新增信贷对收益率曲线变动的水平因子具有显著解释力,而货币市场利率水平和美元指数波动对收益率曲线变动的斜率因子具有显著解释力。短期内,经济增长类指标对水平因子的影响非常显著,而物价类指标对水平因子影响不显著。货币市场利率水平既是水平因子,也是斜率因子的重要影响因素。     

基于高频收益率曲线的中国货币政策传导分析

传统宏观金融研究中利用短期利率识别货币政策冲击的做法,不符合中国货币政策具有数量和价格双重中介指标的现实背景,因而其实证结果存在较大偏误。本文基于收益率曲线日度数据,引入不依赖于货币政策代理变量设定的异方差假设,在无套利利率期限结构模型中对中国货币政策冲击进行了识别。研究表明:在央行的各种主要货币政策工具操作中,存贷款基准利率和存款准备金率调整使收益率曲线产生了显著的高波动区制,为研究货币政策冲击的影响提供了充分的识别信息;由本文方法识别出的货币政策冲击对收益率曲线的影响是短期利率冲击的6至7倍,更具持久性,能够有效传导至收益率曲线中长端。本文强调了货币政策转型期间准确识别货币政策冲击的重要意义,为有效评估中国货币政策的收益率曲线传导效果提供了新的方法和思路。     

股市中行业联动效应的实证分析——基于CAPM的空间计量模型的应用

本文基于CAPM模型,通过使用空间权重矩阵将同行业其他股票收益率的影响因素纳入了解释变量之中构建了一个收益率交互影响模型,并通过FF三因素模型从股票市场中找出公司规模和账面市值比的相关变量作为联动效应变量的工具变量,克服了联动效应变量的内生性问题。然后在此基础上分别对上证50、上证180、沪深300这三种股指所包含的股票样本进行了回归分析,证实了我国的证券市场中确实存在收益率之间的行业联动效应,并且联动反应系数大约为0.7到0.8之间。     

货币政策环境对股票收益率有影响吗——基于虚拟变量回归模型的实证分析

根据中央银行贴现率的变动,文章将货币政策环境分为扩张性的和紧缩性的两类,在此基础上采用虚拟变量回归模型分别就货币政策环境对1991—2010年9月、1991—1995年、1996—2000年、2001—2005年、2006—2010年9月五个区间的股票收益率的影响进行了实证研究,研究结果表明,货币政策环境与股票收益之间的关系是不稳健的,有赖于研究区间的选择。     

宏观冲击与股票收益率——基于日度数据的分析

本文利用中国A股市场日度数据研究了宏观经济冲击对于股票收益率的影响,同时使用金融机构的预测数据计算了市场对未来宏观经济的预期,从而可以准确识别宏观经济冲击对股票收益率的影响。本文的结果发现,在主要宏观经济变量中,工业增加值和生产者物价指数这两个宏观经济变量会对上海和深圳主板市场股票收益率产生显著影响。具体而言,工业增加值超预期冲击会对收益率产生正面影响,而生产者物价指数超预期冲击会对收益率产生负面影响。但在创业板市场中,所有宏观经济变量对市场收益率均没有显著影响。     

市场导向与企业绩效之间调节变量综述

市场导向与企业绩效之间的关系一直存在争议,引起争议的主要原因来自于影响市场导向与企业绩效关系强弱或正负的调节变量。通过对国内外相关文献的回顾和分析,梳理了调节变量的主要种类和它们的调节作用,并指出了未来研究的方向。     

影响资本结构决定的核心变量识别研究

以1995-2005年中国上市公司为样本,在37个影响资本结构的变量中,我们采用BIC信息准则和其他稳健性分析方法对影响中国上市公司的核心因素进行了统计分析,最终识别出5个核心变量:公司规模( )、盈利性(-)、产业因素( )、名义所得税税率( )、成长性( ).公司治理因素和宏观因素都会显著地影响资本结构,但这些因素的影响程度相对不够大或者不够稳定;除核心变量外,其它变量受样本期间、估计方法和应变量选取等因素的影响较大;不可观察的企业固定效应在资本结构的决定中起着重要的作用.     

中国股票市场与债券市场间流动性溢出效应的非线性动态特征

利用中国股票市场和债券市场的数据,研究了两市间流动性溢出效应的非线性动态特征、两市流动性的相关关系以及宏观变量的冲击对两市流动性的影响。结果表明:股市与债市的流动性之间存在双向的非线性Granger因果关系,两市场间的流动性溢出效应具有非线性动态特征;宏观变量的变化显著影响两市的流动性且在市场低迷、流动性不足时期影响程度更大;不同状态下的宏观变量冲击会导致不同程度的跨市场投资转移。     

关于中国宏观经济变量与证券市场关联性的实证研究

检验股票市场与经济发展之间的关系是经济增长理论研究中的一个新课题,股票市场作为金融市场重要组成部分与经济增长、宏观经济变量之间的关系,更是当前研究的热点。文章将重点研究我国的宏观经济变量与股票市场之间是否存在关联性。文章选取了能够较为全面代表宏观经济运行情况的相关指标,并将这些宏观经济变量与代表中国股票市场运行的上证综合指数一起建立数据模型进行分析,探讨宏观经济变量与股票市场之间的相互关系,进而对中国股票市场的更好发展提出有效建议。     

宏观经济与股票价格波动之间的关系研究

利用Copula模型,研究宏观经济变量与上证股指收益率之间的相关关系,在选择合适的边缘分布函数的基础上,分别建立了常相关的二元正态Copula函数、t—Copula函数、FrankCopula函数、ClaytonCopula函数以及Gum—belCopula函数模型,并且利用欧氏距离方法选择出最佳拟合Copula模型。选取2001年1月至2011年12月的月度数据作为处理对象,并利用最佳拟合模型分析宏观经济变量与上证股指收益率间相关关系及相关结构,从而揭示了中国宏观经济与股票市场之间的相关性。     

The yield curve and the macroeconomy: Evidence from Turkey

This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between the yield curve and macroeconomic variables by focusing on an emerging market case: Turkey. The most important result of the paper is that the relationship between the yield curve and macroeconomic variables is significantly affected by the change in monetary policy which is associated with the implementation of inflation targeting (IT) regime. While before the IT regime the yield curve is affected to some extent by macroeconomic variables, after the IT regime, it is mainly driven by macroeconomic variables. We also find that central bank has gained ability to affect the entire yield curve with the IT regime. The other important result is that in addition to inflation and real activities, the exchange rates also play an important role in the yield curve dynamics in Turkey.     

Nowcasting Key Australian Macroeconomic Variables

Forecasts are relied upon as a guide to what future outcomes for the economy might be. However, it is also important to estimate what is happening in the economy now or has taken place in the recent past. This is where ‘nowcasts’ come in. In this article, I describe what nowcasting is, why it can be a useful tool for macroeconomists as well as present daily nowcasts of key Australian macroeconomic variables, including GDP growth, inflation and the unemployment rate.     

我国商品期货价格指数与宏观经济指标关系的实证研究简

通过考察我国商品期货价格指数与主要宏观经济变量之间的相互影响关系,发现商品期货价格指数对物价、国内生产总值、利率、人民币汇率均有明显的引导作用和直接影响,并且能够领先CPI指标约5-7个月。商品期货价格指数作为CPI的先行指标具有一定的可行性。     

On the uncertainty and risks of macroeconomic forecasts: combining judgements with sample and model information

Institutions which publish macroeconomic forecasts usually do not rely on a single econometric model to generate their forecasts. The combination of judgements with information from different models complicates the problem of characterizing the predictive density. This article proposes a parametric approach to construct the joint and marginal densities of macroeconomic forecasting errors, combining judgements with sample and model information. We assume that the relevant variables are linear combinations of latent independent two-piece normal variables. The baseline point forecasts are interpreted as the mode of the joint distribution, which has the convenient feature of being invariant to judgments on the balance of risks.     

A comparison of proxy variable and stochastic latent variable approaches to the measurement of bias in technological change in south african agriculture*

Technical change is inherently unobservable and has conventionally been represented by proxy variables, from simple time trends to more sophisticated knowledge stock variables. This paper follows Lambert and Shonkwiler (1995) in modelling technical change as a stochastic unobservable variable and tests this formulation against the alternative of using R&D and patent indices. This is done by fitting a system of share equations, derived from the dual profit function, to production data for South African agriculture. Each equation includes both unobserved technical change components and technical proxy variables. Variable deletion tests show that conventional proxy variables fail to explain the biases of technological change, while cointegration tests show that technical change is both stochastic and biased. The latent variables provide estimates of biases that are consistent with past studies and the historical record and can be explained by policy change in South Africa following WWII. The demonstration of high rates of return to R&D is not sufficient to justify R&D activity when biased technological change exacerbates input use and welfare distortions within and without the sector. * We thank the University of Pretoria for funding the study and the referees and delegates for many useful comments.     

Reinvestigating the Nature of Persistence of Shocks in the Macroeconomic Variables Relating to the Indian Economy with Special Reference to Structural Changes and Seasonality

Over the last two decades, there is a substantial debate on the persistence of shocks, in terms of their transitory and permanent nature, caused to the macroeconomic aggregates. Macroeconomic variables with transitory shocks will revert back to the long-run deterministic path eventually, whereas variables with permanent shocks will move according to random walk having no fixed predetermined path. These two series known as Trend Stationary (TS) and Difference Stationary (DS), respectively, have their significance in the specification of the regression equation and testing competing economic theories. Consequently there are a good amount of studies to classify the macroeconomic aggregates as TS vs. DS. In this context, relatively new developments of seasonal integration and presence of structural breaks in the macro variables has aroused a need to reinvestigate these hypotheses afresh. This paper makes an attempt to examine some of these issues by making use of the Indian data.

     

Forecasting macro variables with a Qual VAR business cycle turning point index

One criticism of Vector Autoregression (VAR) forecasting is that macroeconomic variables tend not to behave as linear functions of their own past around business cycle turning points. A large amount of literature therefore focuses on nonlinear forecasting models, such as Markov switching models, which only indirectly capture the relation with turning points. This article investigates a direct approach to using information on turning points from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) chronology to model and forecast macroeconomic data. Our Qual VAR model includes a truncated normal latent business cycle index that is negative during NBER recessions and positive during expansions. We motivate our forecasting exercise by demonstrating that if starting from a linear specification, a truncated normal variable is an omitted variable, then forecasts of the remaining variables will become nonlinear functions of their own past. We apply the Qual VAR model to recursive out-of-sample forecasting and find that the Qual VAR improves on out-of-sample forecasts from a standard VAR.     

Macroeconomic performance and convergence in OECD countries

This paper investigates the robustness of the correlation between growth and a set of variables which comprises accumulation rates in human and physical capital and medium term macroeconomic indicators in OECD countries. We include these variables as additional regressors in the standard growth equation that comes from the human capital-augmented Solow model. Our results show that variables related to medium term macroeconomic performance affect both growth and convergence. In some periods these variables even outperform the explanatory power of the conventional growth variables such as the accumulation rates. Our results also suggest that it is difficult to analyse the contribution to growth of any particular macroeconomic indicator in an isolated way. Rather, these effects should be studied in a framework that accounts for the macroeconomic performance of a country.     

The impacts of bank-specific and macroeconomic variables on the capital adequacy ratio: evidence from Islamic banks

The study investigates the relationship between the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and different bank-specific and macroeconomic variables for 28 Islamic banks. We document that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the CAR and the bank-specific and macroeconomic variables. In particular, bank-specific variables such as ROA, ROE, leverage, credit risk and size show a strong association with the CAR, while on the macroeconomic side, inflation, market capitalization and exchange rate have an impact on the average Islamic bank in our sample study. Furthermore, we run another model (equity to assets ratio) as dependent, with similar control variables, and the results reveal that, except for inflation, all the variables that have a significant effect on the CAR also influence the equity to assets ratio.     

The term structure of interest rates and the Mexican economy

Can the yield spread, which has been found to predict with surprising accuracy the movement of key macroeconomic variables of developed countries, also predict such variables for a developing country experiencing economic turmoil? This article presents empirical results that suggest significant forecasting ability for the yield spread for segments of the Mexican economy during the 1995–1997 period of economic volatility. The actual and predicted variable changes sometimes conflict with those experienced by developed countries in part because of the unusually close relationship between the Mexican Treasury and the Banco de México. Consequently, analysts and policy officials may exploit the forecast potential of the yield spread, but only in the context of evolving institutional considerations.